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Peroneal Perforator Flap (비골 동맥 천공지 피판)

  • Chung, Duke Whan;Hwang, Joon Sung
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2004
  • Materials and Methods: Total number of peroneal perforator flap is 14 cases, which 10 cases were man, 4 cases were woman. The range of age was 12 years old minimally and until 63 years old. The trauma was most common etiology, which was like traffic accidents, 9 cases. We confirmed tibialis anterior artery patency by doppler flow meter, angiography as preoperative evaluation. Results: 1. The success rate was 91%, that in 14 cases, 13 cases were succeded. 2. To obtain successful result of peroneal flap, one must have the anatomic concept for vascular pattern, 8 cases were between peroneus muscle and soleus muscle branch type but, 3 cases were through soleus muscle branch type, so we treated these cases by using soleus muscle including peroneal perforating branch not to injury perforating artery directly. 3. The pedicle size was between minimally $2{\times}2.5cm$ and maximally $6.5{\times}8.5cm$ so we could treat large recipient site. 4. The pedicle length was between minimally 3.2 cm and maximally 11.5cm, average 7.5 cm. 5. The diameter of perforating artery was estimated by inspection, that was about 0.2-0.5 cm Conclusion: The peroneal perforating artery flap has merits that we can approach in avascular zone and has wide movable range from foot to distal femur and little donor site mobidity and can harvest osteocutaneous flap. The weak point was the irregular anatomy of nutrient artery and not to contain sensory nerve.

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Large Area Plasma for LCD Processing by Individyally Controlled Array Sources

  • Kim, Bong-Joo;Kim, Chin-Woo;Park, Se-Geun;Lee, Jong-Geun;Lee, Seung-Ul;Lee, Il-Hang;O, Beom-Hoan
    • Journal of Information Display
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.26-30
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    • 2002
  • Large area plasma source has been built for LCD etcher by an array of $2{\times}2$ ICP sources. Since only one RF power supply and one impedance matching network is used in this configuration, any difference in impedances of unit RF antennas causes unbalanced power delivery to the unit ICP. In order to solve this unavoidable unbalance, unit antenna is designed to have a movable tap, with which the inductance of each unit can be adjusted individually. The plasma density becomes symmetric and etch rate becomes more uniform with the impedance adjustment. The concept of adding axial time-varying magnetic field to the single ICP source is applied to the array ICP source, and is found to be effective in terms of etch rate and uniformity.

A Study on Injection Rate Characteristics of a Diesel Injector (디젤 인젝터의 분사율 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Jaewoo;Kim, Namho;Lim, Chanhyun;Kim, Dugjin
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2015
  • In this study, Injection rate tests of a Diesel common-rail injector have been performed with injection volume measurement type injection rate test system EMI21 for construction of injector model can be used in an engine calibration mean valued model. The measuring principle of the test system is based on measurement of dispalcement of a movable measurement piston by the volume of fluid released by the injector. From these injection rate test results, the characteristics on shape of instantaneous injection rate and injection fuel amount have been investigated and injection fuel amount calculation equation based on test results has been newly constructed. This equation is very simple and calculation error is less than 5% with test results for wide range injection pressure (200~1800 bar) and injection duration ($200{\sim}1800{\mu}s$) conditions. So, it is anticipated that newly constructed simple injection fuel amount model in this study can be efficiently used on engine calibration and control model.

A Study on a Development of the Grinding Robot to Remove Welding-bid of Working Pieces (취부용 피스(piece)제거 및 사상 작업 자동화장비 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Hyo-Won;Kim, Ki-Jung;Leem, Rae-Soo;Kim, Ho-Kyoung
    • Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • 2008.09a
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the application of a robot which aims at grinding automatically welding-bead remained in the removal job of working pieces for shipbuilding. In specific, the investigation on this application is composed of two parts; one topic is on the development of a robot platform vertically movable on a steel plate of hull, while the other topic is of the development of a grinding tool mechanism in order to remove welding-beads by using a diamond wheel installed on a servo cylinder (which can result in high working pressure on the grinding wheel). Besides, the development of a vision system for tracking welding-beads as well as recognizing welding surfaces is added for the convenience of this robot application to the removal of welding-beads remained in the working pieces for shipbuilding.

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Analysis of the Indoor Environmental Characteristics of Educational Facilities (Case Study of Thermal and Acoustical Environment of Elementary School by Field Measurement) (교육시설의 실내환경 특성 분석에 관한 연구 (초등학교의 열 및 음환경 실측조사에 의한 사례연구))

  • Cho, Min-Kwan
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2007
  • This study is to propose the basic data for deciding remodeling of wornout educational facilities. In order of it, the indoor environmental standard, the actual conditions of thermal environment and sound insulation of walls were examined through field measurement in the subjected open elementary school(J school) and modernization model of elementary school(Y school) which they are located in Seoul. As the result, standard for indoor environmental factors of educational facilities which is established by Ministry of Education is not subdivided into indoor environmental performances considering usages and characteristics of classrooms for comfortable indoor environment. The vertical temperature difference in general classroom and in open classroom showed to be $11.2^{\circ}C$ and $12.1^{\circ}C$ respectively, while indoor temperature of special classroon was, on the whole, higher than that of any other classroom due to its specific heat flux of wall materials. The sound insulation performance of the masonry brick wall of classroom satisfied the minimum standard of AIJ, Architectural Institute of Japan, in the open elementary school and the modernization model of elementary school. That is to say, the movable partition wall between the classroom and the corridor disturbed students in their class in the open school.

Planning for the Outdoor Space of Senior Housing Complex in Kimje (김제 노인주거단지 외부공간 계획에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Shi-Young
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.77-94
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to present a design proposal of the senior housing in the city of Kimje and design guidelines for making outdoor spaces for Korean elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed study cases of elderly housing. As a result, design guidelines of outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types. Entrance area of housing complex is subdivided into the condition of location, the entrance of housing complex, an access road, and a direction mark. Building entrance area is subdivided into an access and waiting area, a canopy facility, and the pattern and color of boundary. In & outdoor neutral area is subdivided into a spatial standard, a patio, and a terrace. Parking lots is subdivided into a spatial standard and an entrance access. Outdoor living area is subdivided into a spatial and social standard, the usage of movable chairs, a garden, a pocket park, a lawn area, a sports area, an active and passive sports area, a promenade, a lookout area and so on. In these study cases, outdoor living area is commonly located into a community space, a nature friendly space, a health & sports space, and an outlook space and it plays positive role to the elderly. However, versatile outdoor spaces such as horticultural therapy garden is needed, which can be able to stimulate the physical senses of the elderly. This proposal is meant to create new outdoor spaces of a senior housing and to enhance the way of life of elderly.

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Effects of Restrainer upon Bridge Motions with Poundings and frictions under Seismic Excitations (지진시 층돌 및 마찰을 고려한 교량거동에 미치는 Restrainer의 보강효과)

  • 김상효;마호성;이상우;원정훈
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.291-300
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    • 1999
  • An idealized analytical model is proposed to estimate the effects of restrainer upon global response behaviors of a bridge system under seismic excitations. Pounding actions between adjacent vibration units and friction at movable supports are introduced in addition to other phenomena such as nonlinear behaviors of pier, motions of the foundation and abutment to achieve the better prediction of the bridge motion. The applied restrainer is assumed to be a dead-band system, which has the force clearance and the linear-elastic force. Using the proposed model, the dynamic characteristics of a bridge system retrofitted by restrainers is examined, and the effects of stiffness and clearance length of restrainer is also investigated. The main effect of the application of restrainers is found to reduce the relative displacements and the trend becomes greater with the shorter clearance length except between pier units. It is found that the relative displacements between abutment and adjacent pier units are decreased as the stiffness of restrainer increases, but almost independent upon the stiffness increments of restrainer. However, the relative displacements between pier units tend to be increased due to the applications of the restrainers.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SCOUR BY A WALL JET

  • A.A.Salehi Neyshabouri;R.Barron;A.M.Ferreira da Silva
    • Water Engineering Research
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2001
  • The time consuming and expensive nature of experimental research on scouring processes caused by flowing water makes it attractive to develop numerical tools for the predication of the interaction of the fluid flow and the movable bed. In this paper the numerical simulation of scour by a wall jet is presented. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional, and the alluvium is cohesionless. The solution process, repeated at each time step, involves simulation of a turbulent wall jet flow, solution of the convection-diffusion of sand concentration, and prediction of the bed deformation. For simulation of the jet flow, the governing equations for momentum, mass balance and turbulent parameters are solved by the finite volume method. The SIMPLE scheme with momentum interpolation is used for pressure correction. The convection-diffusion equation is solved for sediment concentration. A boundary condition for concentration at the bed, which takes into account the effect of bed-load, is implemented. The time rate of deposition and scour at the bed is obtained by solving the continuity equation for sediment. The shape and position of the scour hole and deposition of the bed material downstream of the hole appear realistic.

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A Study on the Type of Kwa-Dae in the Ere of the Three Kingdoms - Mainly classifying the type of the belt plague - (삼국시대 과대의 양식에 대한 연구 -과의 형식분류를 중심으로-)

  • 김은주
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.41-56
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    • 1998
  • The Yo-Dae(belt) was made of cloths and leather orginally. Then, it was decorated with metal decoration to become more developed luxury one. The Kwa-Dae of the Three Kingdom period is called as final shape among those ancient mode. Dae-Gu(The origin of belt buckle) was the metallic decoration of the leather belt that the northern nomadic tribe used to wear it. It was considered that the Dae-Gu was more decorated and changed to Kwa-Dae with Yo-Pae. The first stage Dae-Gu didn't have the hook, but a short hook only could move the belt itself was created, and then a movable short hook(China-Jin period Kwa-Dae, etc) to be inside of belt was showed, after that an axis was necessary when it became to long one, It was completed as a belt buckle. The stick shape hook was main stream in China an dthe other northern countries. Meanwhile, Korea has mostly "T" shape hook, and it shows that we developed our own unique style. Classifying the type of the belt plague, there are five types due to the scarved shapes on the Kwa-Dae and the changes. Mainly based on the excavated tomb articles of the three kingdoms and referred to Chinese and Japanese ones. It showed that the belt plague was lightly influenced by the times and area, but was slowly changed and developed to different types through those each ages generally.

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Improvement of Dynamic Characteristics of OIS System using Improved Band Notch and Analysis of Images (노치 대역을 개선한 이미지 흔들림 보정 장치의 동특성 향상과 이미지 분석)

  • Son, Dong-Hun;Park, No-Cheol;Park, Young-Pil;Park, Kyoung-Su
    • Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.70-74
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    • 2011
  • The mobile camera module is a device to be inserted in the digital device for camera feature. The mobile camera module is being shaken by vibrations such as handshake during the exposure time. The clarity is compromised by these vibrations, thus the vibration is considered as an external disturbance. Moreover the use of mobile camera module has been being expanded for automotive vibration should be considered. These external disturbances can cause image blurring, thus optical image stabilization should be applied for image compensation. The compensator is fulfilled mechanically by movable lens group or image sensor that adjusts the optical path to the camera movement. Open loop control is useful for well-defined systems like compliant mechanism. Notch filter and lead compensator are designed and applied to improve the stability and bandwidth. The final level of image compensating is confirmed by image processing with MATLAB and CODE V to verify the better performance.