• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2009

Vascular inflammation is an important event in the development of vascular diseases such as tumor progression and atherosclerosis. This study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of WK-38, a new herbal prescription for the treatment of atherosclerosis, on vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). WK-38 is composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Magonoliae Cortex, Moutan Cortez Radicis. Pretreatment with WK-38 was significantly blocked TNF-$\alpha$-induced expression level of cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin) in a dose-dependent manner. TNF-$\alpha$-induced cell adhesion in co-cultured U937 and HUVEC was also blocked by pretreatment with WK-38. Moreover, WK-38 significantly suppressed p65 NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation into the nucleus by TNF-$\alpha$ as well as the phosphorylation and degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$. In conclusion, the present data suggested that WK-38 could suppress TNF-$\alpha$-induced vascular inflammatory process, though inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in HUVEC.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

Objective : In this study, herbal medicine(GJE, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; HCT, Houttuynia cordata Thunb.; CIL, Chrysanthemum indicum Linne; PMS,Paeonia moutan Sims, P. subfruticosa Makino; APL, Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour) were screened for their inhibitory activities against Tyrosinase and PMA plus A23187-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 productions in HMC-1 cells to reveal their skin -whitening and anti-allergic effect. Method : To investigate Tyrosinase inhibition we treated Mushroom Tyrosinase(Fluka, 93898) $10{\mu}{\ell}$ and 7.5mM Tyrosine (Sigma, T3754) $20{\mu}{\ell}$ with 80% ethanol medicine extracts. Then we observed 96well micro plate extinction at 490nm. In the next experiment, to investigate Anti-allergic effect we blended cultured Human Mast Cells(HMC-1) with medicine extracts. We treated the blended solution with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) and A23187, then observed $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) at 450nm. Results : In inhibiting Tyrosinase the results are as follows. 1. We observed 22% inhibition of Mushroom Tyrosinase at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration of GJE extracts. 2. We also could observe that the decreased Mushroom Tyrosinase activities in HCT, CIL extracts. In inhibiing $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 productions in HMC-1 cells the results are as follows. 1. Of the extracts examined, HCT, PMS, APL extracts showed over 50% inhibitions of Cytokines at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. 2. In particular, APL extracts showed the best inhibitory effect on Cytokine productions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : These results suggest that GJE extracts contributes to the anti melanin activities and represent a potential source of whitening agent. Thus these herbal medicines suggest novel drugs on anti-allergic effects.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2016

Objectives : We analysed Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibility principle and investigated biological activities by categorizing with molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean study for this formula. Methods : Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. We looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about Gyejibongnyeong-hwan through Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean medicine information system (OASIS). Then classify into molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Cinnamomi Ramulus, deputy herb is Persicae Semen, assistant herb is Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Poria, and envoy herb is Mel. Biological activities can be detected in transcription factors, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in human uterine endometrial cancer cell, human hepatocarcinoma cell, and human platelets. In mouse and rats for animal level, in overian cystoma, menorrhalgia, quality of life improvement in postmenopausal women, and blood stasis with motor vehicle accident for human level, biological activities was caught. Conclusions : From above results, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistan, and envoy. Biological activities are effective to improvement of menorrhalgia, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, improvement of atherosclerosis, analgesic, anti-convulsion, wound healing, and improvement of liver function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Gami-Honghwa-Tang is composed of nine crude herbs, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Methods : The separation was performed on an Aquasil C18 (4.6×250mm) column by gradient elution with 0.05% TFA in H2O - 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (0 min 100:0, 20 min 90:10, 40 min 70:30, 60 min 50:50, 80 min 0:100, 90 min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm. Also we examined the contents for bacteria, pesticide residue and harmful heavy metals. Results : HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5­hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. There were no bacterial contents, pesticide residues, or harmful heavy metals. Conclusions : We suggest these results could be a useful evidence for quality control of KH-19. This method permits fingerprints of selected individual marker substances from herbal prescriptions without derivatization, multiple purification steps, or lengthy separation times.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.2 s.125
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• pp.108-115
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• 2001

Based on DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, the MeOH extracts of 139 crude drugs were screened in order to search for antioxidants. Among tested samples, the extracts from the seed of Nelumbo nucifera, the fruit of Terminalia chebula var. gangetia, the root of Salvia miltiorhiza, the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba var. innermis, the root bark of Paeonia moutan, the fruit of Rubus coreanus, the fruit of Zanthoxylum schinifolium, the lignum of Caesalpinia sappan, the leaf of Pinus densiflora, the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, the fruit of Syzygium aromaticum, the ramulus and uncus of Uncaria rhynchophylla, the root bark of Lycium chinense, and the fruit of Alpinia katsumadai showed a relatively strong antioxidative activity. Furthermore, the BuOH fraction from the extract of N. nucifera showed a potent activity in each assay. The isolation of bioactive compounds has been carried out and will be reported in the next paper.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 1995

After solvent extraction of 28 domestic cultivated medicinal plants using methylene chloride, 1000ppm of extracts were added to linoleic acid to compare antioxidative activities. Although their magnitude was somewhat different, all extracts showed the antioxidative activities. Antioxidative activity of Scutellariae baicalensis extract was similar to that of BHA. Antioxidative activity of Paeonia moutan and Liriope platyphylla extracts was lower than that of Scutellariae baicalensis. When Scutellariae baicalensis was extracted with 9 solvents which have a different polarity, the extraction yield and antioxidative activity generally increased with increasing polarity. The nitrite-scavenging effects, electron donating abilities(EDA) and anti-complementary activities were determined.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.26-37
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• 2010

Purpose: This experiment is designed to find out anti-oxidant effects of Samultang-Gami which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix(RR), Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma(CR), Paeoniae Radix(PR), Cortex Moutan Radicis, Hedyotis Diffusa(HD) and Caesalpinia Sappan on MEF cells. Methods: In vitro antioxidant effects were measured by MTT assay, DPPH assay, cell cycle analysis, AnnexinV-FITC/PI assay and DAPI staining using MEF cells treated with various concentrations of 70% ethanol extract of Samultang-Gami. Results: 1. In the scavenging for DPPH radical, the each treated groups of PR, CR and HD showed positive effects. RR and CR increased the viability of oxidative damaged MEF cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. 70% ethanol extract of Samultang-Gami was shown best antioxidative effect in the concentration of $0.5mg/m{\ell}$. 3. The treatment of Samultang-Gami in oxidative damaged MEF cells didn't have any effect on cell cycle restoration. but it could lower late apoptosis rate a little and be observed the protection of nucleus. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Samultang-Gami, RR and CR have antioxidant effects on MEF cells.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.153-164
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was designed to make a basis of in vivo or clinical study about colporrhea. Methods : This study is based on Yang's study, An investigation on the prescriptions of colporrhea(1999). We investigate the prescriptions in the Yang's study and examine the frequency of metioned single herb. Also we investigate the herb's classification. Results and Conclusion : 1) Single herb frequently used in the prescriptions was as follows. (()- Frequency) Paeoniae Radix Alba白芍藥(16), Glycyrrhizae Radix甘草(15), Poria白茯?(13),　Angelicae gigantis Radix當歸, Citri Pericapium陳皮(11), Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma白朮(10), Zingiberis Rhizoma乾薑　, Atractylodis Rhizoma蒼朮, Ailanthi Cortex樗根白皮, Phellodendri Cortex黃柏, Ginseng Radix人蔘, Cyperi Rhizoma香附子(9),　Dioscoreae Rhizoma山藥, Corni Fructus山茱萸, Bupleuri Radix柴胡, Cnidii Rhizoma川芎, Gardeniae Fructus梔子(8), Rehmanniae Radix preparat熟地黃, Pinelliae Rhizoma半夏(7), Foeniculi Fructus小茴香, Scutellariae Radix黃芩, Angelicae dahuricae Radix白芷, Cinnamomi肉桂(5), CortexAlismatis Rhizoma澤瀉, Moutan Cortex牧丹皮, Aconiti iateralis preparata Radix附子, Plantaginis Semen車前子(4), Ostreae Concha牡蠣, Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix大戟, Aucklandiae Radix木香, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma大黃, Ledebouriellae Radix防風, Astragali Radix黃?, Rehmanniae Radix生地黃, Daphnis genkwa Flos莞花, Evodiae Fructus吳茱萸, Euphorbiae kansui Radix甘遂(3) 2) Herbs specifically frequently used in the prescriptions of colporrhea were as follows. Atractylodis Rhizoma蒼朮, Ailanthi Cortex樗根白皮, Phellodendri Cortex黃柏, Cyperi Rhizoma香附子, Bupleuri Radix柴胡, Gardeniae Fructus梔子　3)Herbs frequently used were classified by herbal medicine's classification. The　result was as follows. (()-The number of herbs)　補益藥（1９). 淸熱藥(18). 解表藥(10), 收澁藥(9), 溫裏藥(7), 理氣藥(6), 利水?濕藥(6), 瀉下藥（５)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1365-1380
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• 2007

Based on the theories and clinical data of oriental medicine, traditional medicinal prescriptions known to be effective to diabetic nephropathy were collected. The prescriptions were carefully examined and analyzed in order to be used as fundamental material for experiments and in clinicals. More than 40 publications related to diabetes were arranged and analyzed. Of the complications, diabetic nephropathy part of the publications were specifically focused during analysis. Data were analyzed and classified according to the quantity, prescription, differentiation of symptoms, signs and addition and subtraction of each medicine. Frequently used medicines were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used prescription was Yukmigihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) based medicine and prescriptions of its addition and subtraction, which was 15% of the total prescriptions cited. The most frequently used medicine was Astragali Radix, mentioned 192 times in the prescriptions. Hoelen was next with 180 citations, followed by Dioscoreae Rhizoma with 147 times, Rehmanniae Radix with 140, Corni Fructus with 131, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix with 106, Angelicae Gigantis Radix with 101, Alismatis Rhizoma with 95, Rhei Rhizoma with 90, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba with 84, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata with 78, Leonuri Herba with 74, Moutan Cortex Radicis with 66, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix with 66 Cnidii Rhizoma with 65, Pseudostellaria heterophylla with 62, Liriopis Tuber with 55, Lycii Fructus with 52, Rhei Rhizoma with 49, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix with 44, Paeoniae Radix Rubra with 44, Schisandrae Fructus with 42, Polyporus with 42, Achyranthis Radix with 41 and Euryales Semen with 40. Medicines prescribed more than 30 grams a day included Astragali Radix, Imperatae Rhizoma, Benincasae Pericarpium, Leonuri Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen, Polyporus, Hoelen, Halloysitum Rubrum, Achyranthis Radix, Arecae Pericarpium, Phaseoli Angularis Semen, Coicis Semen, Rhei Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Epimedii Herba, Rehmanniae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma. No scientific reports on the traditional medicinal aspects of diabetic nephropathy was searched. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of developing new drug candidates for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, as well as securing the EBM for the traditional medicines already being prescribed to the patients.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to develop therapeutic prescription that is more significant than existing ones through extraction method and formulation changes. Methods: Yukmijihwangtang(YMJHT) was extracted in 80% ethanol, and their relative anti-oxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation were measured. Results: Both water and ethanol extracted YMJHT showed does-dependent DPPH elimination activities. ROS inhibition activity was greater in water extracted YMJHT except for Moutan Cortex. NO inhibition assay results indicated that all groups showed higher NO inhibition activities in RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner. Water extracted group showed higher NO inhibition activity than that of ethanol extracted group. TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 cells, water extracted YMJHT showed higher activity than ethanol extracts. Growth rate of spleen cells was greater in all tested groups, with higher rate in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IFN-r in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was higher in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IL-10 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was highest in YMJHT-DW with 40%. Suppression of gene expression of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A were significant with 90% or higher in all groups and that of IL-12p35 were also higher than 90% in all cases. Conclusions: From the results, it shows that YMJHT has anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation. However, the difference between YMJHT-EtOH and YMJHT-DW was not that significant. Further studies are needed to find out effective extraction methods of herbal medicine.