• 생약학회지
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• 제35권2호통권137호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2004

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the flowers of Magnolia denudata led us to the isolation of six compounds identified as fargesin(1), kobusin(2), aschantin(3), magnolin(4), rel-[7s,8s,8's]-3,4,3',4'-tetra- methoxy-9,7'- dihydroxy-8,8',7.O.9'-lignan(5) and oplodiol(6), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, fargesin(1) showed most potent inhibitory effect on the melanin polymer biosynthesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines$(IC_{50},\;45.7\;{\mu}M)$.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1995

국매리복의 독성을 조사하기 위하여 1992년과 1993년 봄과 가을에 인천과 안산에서 31개체를 구입하여 조직별 독성을 조사하였다. 조직의 최고 독성으로 보아 생식선(수컷, 4,920MU/g; 암컷, 2,500MU/g) 간장(1,680MU/g)과 근육(1,600MU/g)은 맹독이었으며, 내장(950 MU/g)과 껍질(550MU/g)은 강독이었다. 이들의 평균 독성은 모두 강독으로 나타났다. 한편 간장, 내장의 독성은 가을철보다 봄철에 더욱 강하여서 계절 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 국매리복이 맹독성의 복어임을 입증하는 것이므로, 따라서 이들의 섭식으로 인한 중독 예방을 위한 조치가 필요하겠다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity of crude extracts from the halophyte Vitex rotundifolia, their solvent fractions, and isolated compounds (1-3). Antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring DPPH radical, and authentic $ONOO^-$ and $ONOO^-$ generated from 3- morpholinsydnonimine (SIN-1) in vitro as well as degree of occurrence of intracellular ROS, NO and GSH in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. From comparative analysis, MeOH extract, n-BuOH, and 85% aq. MeOH solvent fractions showed significant antioxidant effect in DPPH radical and $ONOO^-$ assay systems. Activity-guided purification of n-BuOH and 85% aq. MeOH fractions led to the isolation of flavonoids 1-3. Among them, compound 1 exhibited excellent antioxidant effect in all bioassay systems tested. On the other hand, compounds 2 and 3 revealed potent inhibitory effect against $ONOO^-$ generated from SIN-1, comparable with the positive control penicillamine.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1999

Studies on detoxification of Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)-infested oyster, Crassostrea gigas were carried out using available processing resources. Changes of paralytic shellfish toxin components and specific toxicity during canning process were also investigated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Toxic oysters collected at Hachong in Koje Bay were used for experimental samples. The toxicity of oysters with range of 185-778 ug/100g was reduced below the quarantine limit of 80 ug/100g or not detected level by the mouse bioassay after canning process. The mole $\%$ of toxin components in the shucked oyster was in the order of 25.1 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 1, 19.2 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 3, 17.2 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 4 and 14.6 mole $\%$ of gonyautoxin 2. This sample had tracing amounts of Cl, C2, saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin. In the case of specific toxicity, the major toxins were consisted of gonyautoxin 1-4. The sum of gonyautoxin 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 80% of total toxicity of oyster. Saxitoxin and decarbamoylsaxitoxin were the more thermostable than any other toxin components.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.158-160
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• 1997

Food poisoning accident occurred on May, 1996 at Oepo, Geoje County, Kyeongnam Province, Korea, and two persons were died within a few hours after ingestion of the soup prepared with wild mussel, Mytilus edulis, harvested on the sea rock. Paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) were elucidated as the responsible toxins for the food poisons accident because the wild mussels caught after three days at the near place from the accident contained high toxicity of PSP ranged $650\~1000MU/g$ of edible meat by mouse bioassay. Gonyautoxin-1+4 $(42.7\%)$ and C1+C2 $(40.0\%)$ were detected as the major toxins in the mussels by fluorometric HPLC method. Although, the poison extracted out with drip during freezing and thawing, and the toxicity gradually decreased by boiling for 20 minutes, over 30 MU/g of toxins remained in the soup and meat, which indicated that they could be able to make food poisoning.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2009

Botulism in wild waterfowl has been reported in many areas of the world. In 18 October 2008 to 22, 101 dead wild ducks were found in Anyangcheon. 24 of dead birds were spotbill (Anas poeilorhyncha), 56 were Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), 18 were green- winged teal (Anas carolinensis) and 3 were others. Clinical sign of the sick birds were flaccid paralysis of the neck. At autopsy, most birds had no specific lesions. Stomach is empty. In the mouse bioassay, Samples of serum and intestinal contents taken from 9 dead birds killed all the injected mice, and their toxicity was neutralized by the antitoxin against C. botulinum type C toxin.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1991

Interest in the studies of diesel exhaust emission has been increasing by the expected increase in the use of diesel powered automobiles out of concideration of fuel economy. It was well known that diesel exhaust emission was mutagenic in the bioassay as Ames test. The authors tried to find out the cytogenetic effect of diesel exhaust emission by the operational condition of engine such as speed and load. For the investigation of those effects, 66 male mice of ICR strain were used. The benzene-ethanol extracts of diesel exhaust emission were injected intra peritoneum 25rng/kg and 50mg/kg respectively. To evaluate the cytogenetic effect, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was carried out. The frequency of micronucleus was different among the various groups according to the operational conditions of engine. The frequency of micronucleus in idling group was the highest of all the groups the subgroup of 50mg/kg showed the rate of 1.30%, 25rng/kg subgroup 0.55%. And the group of 2000rpm with 50% load showed the lowest rate of micronucleus appearance as 0.20% and 0.15%. In general, the frequency of micronucleus was shown higher in propotion to load and was shown inversely proportional to speed.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

In September 2007, reports of respiratory irritation and fish kills were received by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) from the Jacksonville, Florida area. Water samples collected in this area indicated a bloom of Karenia brevis, the dinoflagellate that produces brevetoxin, which can cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. For the next four months, K. brevis was found along approximately 400 km of coastal and Intracoastal waterways from Jacksonville to Jupiter Inlet. This event represents the longest and most extensive red tide the east coast of Florida has experienced and the first time Karenia species other than K. brevis have been reported in this area. This extensive red tide influenced commercial and recreational shellfish harvesting activities along Florida's east coast. Fourteen shellfish harvesting areas (SHAs) were monitored weekly during this event and 10 SHAs were closed for an average of 53 days due to this red tide. The length of SHA closure was dependent on the shellfish species present. Interagency cooperation in monitoring this K. brevis bloom was successful in mitigating any human health impacts. Kernel density estimation was used to create geographic extent maps to help extrapolate discreet sample data points into $5km^2$ radius values for better visualization of the bloom.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.813-816
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• 1998

동해안 강릉 연안의 양식산과 자연산 참가리비의 마비성패독 (PSP)에 의한 독화상황을 파악하기 위하여 1997년 1월부터 6월까지 중장선의 독성을 조사하였다. 마우스를 이용한 생물검정법으로 조사한 결과, 4월 30일과 5월 15일 시료에서 비록 $2 MU\;g^{-1}$의 낮기는 하였지만 독성이 검출되었으며, HPLC로 독조성을 분석하였 더니 gonyautoxins (GTXs)과 protogonyautoxins (PXs)이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 이로써 우리나라 동해안에서도 PSP에 의해서 패류가 독화한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2004

진해만에서 분리한 무독성 Alexandrium tamarense와 이미 보고된 독성을 가진 A. tamarense종 간의 접속공, 제1상판, 후속공의 형태를 상호 비교하였다. 형태적으로 독성종과 거의 일치되지만, HPLC나 생체실험에서 진해만에서 새롭게 분리한 종은 독성이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. lectin반응결과 무독종 A. tamarense은 PNA와 강한 반응을 보여, 세포표면에 lactose나 galactose와 같은 물질이 많이 분포하고 있음을 보였다. 또한, 단백질 전기영동시 무독종은 유독종과 달리 21 kDa 정도 부위에서 종 특이적 밴드를 보였다. 따라서 PNA lectin이나 면역학적 방법을 이용하면 무독종 A. famarense을 신속하게 동정하는데 이용될 수 있다.