• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.317-329
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• 2002

배 경: 종양은 우리나라뿐만 아니라 선전 국가에서도 주요 사망 원인의 하나로, 새로운 치료법의 개발이 절실히 요구된다. 최근 면역종양학의 발전으로 면역강화요법에 의한 종양의 면역치료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Lewis 폐암 마우스 모델을 대상으로 원충의 일종인 톡소포자충 (Toxoplasma gondii)에 의한 비특이적 면역증강요법에 의한 폐암의 성장 및 전이 억제 효과를 평가하고자 시행하였다. 방 법: C57BL/6 마우스 톡소포자충 충체 (마우스당 5개의 씨스트를 복강내로 주사) 혹은 Lewis폐암세포 (마우스당 $1{\times}10^6$씩 대퇴근육에 주사)를 여러 조합으로 처치하여 각 군별 생존기간, 주사부위 근육의 종양크기, 근육 및 폐장의 조직병리 소견을 조사하였다. 또한 각 군별 마우스를 톡소포자충 항원(마우스당 $50{\mu}g$)혹은 lymphokine(마우스당 0.5ml)으로 추가 면역한 다음 항암 및 항전이 효과를 비교하였다. 결 과: 톡소포자충 충제만을 감염시킨 마우스는 실험기간중 한 마리도 죽지 않았으나, 폐암세포만을 주입한 마우스(폐암대조군)의 평균 생존기간은 $29.1{\pm}4.4$일이었다. 톡소포자충 감염 후 2주에 폐암세포를 주입한 마우스 (전감염대조군), 충체와 폐암세포를 동시에 주입한 마우스 (동시감염대조군) 및 폐암세포 주입 후 충체를 감염시킨 마우스(후감염대조군)의 생존기간은 각각 $32.4{\pm}3.3$일 $30.9{\pm}5.0$일 및 $34.9{\pm}2.9$일로 폐암대조군에 비하여 모두 유의하게 증가하였으며(0.0001

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 1997

외인성 성선자극 호르몬에 의한 과배란처리는 난모세포의 질, 수정, 배발달, 착상, 임신유지 등에 해로운 영향을 수반하는 광범위한 배란전후의 호르몬 분비이상을 야기한다. 최근 본 연구에서 흰쥐에서의 IGF-1이 착상전 및 자궁의 환경적 조절에 미치는 잠재적 역할을 확인하였다. 그 결과는 IGF-1이 아마도 탈락막의 조절과 배발달에 적합한 자궁환경유지에 중요한 역할을 수행한다는 것을 보여주었다. 과배란후 배의 손실과 착상의 실패는, 본 연구에서 관찰되었듯이 부분적인 자궁내 IGF-1의 작용저해에 기인하리라 사료된다. 또한 본 연구진들은 생쥐의 배에서 염색체 이상빈도에 대한 과배란을 유도하는 성선자극 호르몬의 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. PMSG 5, 10 및 15 I.U.를 투여하여 과배란된 생쥐에서 생쥐의 수정란과 8-16 세포기 배의 염색체 분석을 실시하였다. 이수체(aneuploidy), 다배체(polyploidy) 또한 염색체의 구조적 이상은 4개군에서 관찰되었따. 그러나 다배체만이 과배란과 상관관계가 있엇따. PMSG 10, 15 I.U. 처리군에서 다배체 발생율은 각각 2.9%와 10.5%였다. 더욱이 PMSG 용량에 따른 배의 다배체 발생빈도 사이에는 투여량에 따른 상관관계가 확인되었다(P<0.0001). 과배란과 성선자극호르몬은 양의 상관관계가 있었으며 염색체와 과배란의 정도에는 투여량에 따른 상관관계가 있었다. 과배란된 난모세포의 발달 잠재력은 모축의 내분비적 환경뿐만 아니라 생존에 필요한 내인성 요인들 즉 유전적 상태 그리고 난자의 전체적 성숙등에 연관되어 있다고 사료된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Background: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation and angiogenesis and increases tumor growth and pulmonary tumor metastasis in vivo. The role of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in PAF-induced angiogenesis in a mouse model of Matrigel implantation, and in PAF-mediated pulmonary tumor metastasis were investigated. Methods: Angiogenesis using Matrigel and experimental pulmonary tumor metastasis were tested in a mouse model. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was done for the assessment of $NF-{\kappa}B$ translocation to the nucleus. Expression of angiogenic factors, such as tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\alpha}$, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: PAF induced a dose- and time-dependent angiogenic response. PAF-induced angiogenesis was significantly blocked by PAF antagonist, CV6209, and inhibitors of $NF-{\kappa}B$ expression or action, including antisense oligonucleotides to p65 subunit of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p65 AS) and antioxidants such as ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In vitro, PAF activated the transcription factor, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and induced mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, bFGF, VEGF, and its receptor, KDR. The PAF-induced expression of the above mentioned factors was inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. Also, protein synthesis of VEGF was increased by PAF and inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. The angiogenic effect of PAF was blocked when anti-VEGF antibodies was treated or antibodies against $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, and bFGF was co-administrated, but not by antibodies against $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, and bFGF each alone. PAF-augmented pulmonary tumor metastasis was inhibited by p65 AS or antioxidants. Conclusion: These data indicate that PAF increases angiogenesis and pulmonary tumor metastasis through $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent angiogenic factors.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1998

Even though appropriate immune response is necessary for the survival of the individual, excessive or insufficient immune Response might cause autoimmune or allergic disease. So the immune response must be controlled to the degree that is beneficial for the well being of the individual. This study was undertaken to know the effects of Gunleetang Gagambang on the immune system of the mouse. Gunleetang Gagambang has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Gunleetang Gagambang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S180 cells). Treatment of the Gunleetang Gagambang on water-extract(dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Gunleetang Gagambang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Gunleetang Gagambang on also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurrence-frequency and their size. and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Gunleetang Gagambang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Gunleetang Gagambang administration to mice enhanced NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Gunleetang Gagambang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Gunleetang Gagambang might be chiefly due to nonspecitie enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1997

본 연구는 EGF가 체외수정 및 체외배양에 의해 생산된 생쥐배의 체내 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 난자는 체외수정 후 얻어진 2-세포기배를 EGF 첨가유무에 따라 배양 (5-6 embryos/25${\mu}l$/drop)하여 얻어진 4일령의 배반포기배로서, 각 처리군의 배반포기배는 가임신 3일된 대리모의 자궁내에 이식되어졌다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1,2-세포기배를 EGF의 첨가유무에 따라 배양하여 배반포기배로의 발달율과 세포수를 조사하였던 바, 처리군간의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 하지만, 각 처리군에서 회수된 배반포기배의 체내 발달을 조사하였던 바, 총 수태율의 결과에 있어서는 대조군과 EGF 처리군 각각 64.4%와 69.8%로서 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 정상태아 발생율에 있어서는 EGF 처리군 (51.2%)이 대조군 (31.1%)보다 매우 높게 나타냈다. 따라서, 비록 EGF 처리군이 대조군과 비교하여 볼 때 체외수정 및 체외배양에 의해 생산된 난자의 유의한 발달은 나타내지 않았지만 난자의 질적인 향상을 통해서 체내발달을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2008

양막은 다양한 생체재료로 이용되어 왔으며 생체적합성과 환부의 치료효능이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 양막을 갈아 양막스폰지를 제조하고 중간엽줄기세포를 배양한 뒤 누드마우스이식을 통하여 콜라젠스폰지와 비교하여 골형성유도능에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 세포의 부착과 증식면에서는 두 시료가 유사하였으나, 체내에 이식한 결과 양막스포지군에서 좀 더 많은 콜라젠 분비와 칼슘이 침착되었음을 확인하였다. 그리고 면역화학염색 결과 골형성 시 필요한 오스테오칼신과 오스테오넥틴이 좀 더 발현된 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 양막은 골형성유도를 향상시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2007

Purpose: Numerous materials, both autologous and nonautologous, have been used for augmentation of sunken areas and each has its own limitations. The ideal material for augmentation should not be absorbed in any manner. This study is designed to assess the survival of $SureDerm^{(R)}$, $Permacol^{(R)}$ graft according to the volume and histologic change. Methods: Twenty four mice, weighing about 50 grams and of 5 weeks of age were used. $SureDerm^{(R)}$ is an acellular dermal matix obtained from human cadeveric skin. $Permacol^{(R)}$ is a porcine derived acellular dermal matrix whose manufacture involves trypsinisation, solvent extraction. Graft pieces standardized to $1{\times}1cm$ size were used in each group. The implanted material were taken 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks later, respectively. The changes of graft volume during the graft period were measured on initial, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results: The initial shape of graft was maintained up to 12 weeks in $Permacol^{(R)}$ graft group and mean survival rate was $80.36{\pm}8.21%$ in $SureDerm^{(R)}$, $89.57{\pm}6.39%$ in $Permacol^{(R)}$(p=0.01). The volume of each graft decreased 29% from initial volume on 12 weeks in $SureDerm^{(R)}$, 18% in $Permacol^{(R)}$. The structure of $Permacol^{(R)}$ remained until 12 week after implantation. Conclusion: Our experimental study suggests that $Permacol^{(R)}$ could be a safe material as an implant for permanent augmentation. However, There are further study remained for antigenicity of these material, and the choice of graft for augmentation should be remained to the clinical situations.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-84
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• 1997

Bujeonghangamtang(扶正抗癌湯) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Bujeonghangamtang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene. (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(Sl80 cells). Treatment of the Bujeonghangamtang water-extract (dailly 1mg／mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Bujeonghangamtang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Bujeonghangamtang also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurrence-frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Bujeonghangamtang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Bujeonghangamtang-administration to mice enhanced NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Bujeonghangamtang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Bujeonghangamtang might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Lipid metabolites involved in cellular regulation as signaling mediators. Prostaglandins (PGs), metabolites of lipid are involved to pregnancy at the time of implantation but the functional roles of PGs on embryo development are still controversy and largely unknown. In previous report, the levels of $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2a}$ at embryos of morula stage and blastocyst stage were explored (Cheon et al., 1998). In this study, the previous suggestion was confirmed and the possible downstream mediator of prostaglandin $E_2$ and prostaglandin $F_{2a}$ on the expansion and hatching of mouse embryo was examined. As expected, developmental rate of the blastocyst to expanded stage was a concentration-response curve that showed the highest expansion rate at 10 ${\mu}M$ $PGE_2$, but at 100 ${\mu}M$ $PGE_2$, the rate was decreased. In contrast to the $PGE_2$, $PGF_{2a}$ stimulated expansion without toxicity at highest concentration. Cotreatment of PGs with indomethacin overcame the inhibitory effects of indomethacin in expansion. Exogenous PGs also improved the development of expanded embryos to the hatching stage. Besides, PGs receptors' transcripts detected at blastocyst. $PGE_2$ was caused of calcium fluctuation in the blastocyst but $PGF_{2a}$ did not. The changes of intracellular calcium concentration were different between indomethacin pretreated embryos and non-treated embryos. Based on these results it is suggested that PGs work as paracrine and/or autocrine factors through calcium and the others which were not identified in this study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2007

Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the development of continuous osteogenic differentiation and bone formation after the subcutaneous implantation of the tissue-engineered bone, in vitro. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells were obtained by proteolytic digestion of liposuction aspirates. Adipose-derived stem cells were seeded in PLGA scaffolds after being labeled with PKH26 and cultured in osteogenic differentiation media for 1 month. The PLGA scaffolds with osteogenic stimulated adipose-derived stem cells were implanted in subcutaneous layer of four nude mice. Osteogenesis was assessed by RT-PCR for mRNA of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein(BSP), and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin, and von Kossa staining for calcification of extracellular matrix at 1 and 2 months. Results: Implanted PLGA scaffold with adipose-derived stem cells were well vascularized, and PLGA scaffolds degraded and were substituted by host tissues. The mRNA of osteopontin and BSP was detected by RT-PCR in both osteogenic stimulation group and also osteocalcin was detected by immunohistochemistry at osteogenic stimulation 1 and 2 months, but no calcified extracellular deposit in von Kossa stain was found in all groups. Conclusion: In vivo, it could also maintain the characteristics of osteogenic differentiation that adipose-derived stem cells within PLGA scaffold after stimulation of osteogenic differentiation in vitro, but there were not normal bone formation in subcutaneous area. Another important factor to consider is in vivo, heterologous environment would have negative effect on bone formation as.[p1]