• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.455-475
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• 2023

The present study investigates the non-linear soil-pile interaction using three-dimensional (3D) non-linear finite element models. The numerical models were validated by using the results of extensive pile load and shaking table tests. The pile performance in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil has been studied by analyzing the liquefaction ratio, pile lateral displacement (LD), pile bending moment (BM), and frictional resistance (FR) results. The pile models have been developed for the different ground conditions. The study reveals that the results obtained during the pile load test and shaking cycles have good agreement with the predicted pile and soil response. The soil density, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slenderness ratio (L/D), and soil condition (i.e., dry and saturated) are considered during modeling. Four ground motions are used for the non-linear time history analyses. Consequently, design charts are proposed depended on the analysis results to be used for design practice. Eleven models have been used to validate the capability of these charts to capture the soil-pile response under different seismic intensities. The results of the present study demonstrate that L/D ratio slightly affects the lateral displacement when compared with other parameters. Also, it has been observed that the increasing in PGA and decreasing L/D decreases the excess pore water pressure ratio; i.e., increasing PGA from 0.1 g to 0.82 g of loose sand model, decrease the liquefaction ratio by about 50%, and increasing L/D from 15 to 75 of the similar models (under Kobe earthquake), increase this ratio by about 30%. This study reveals that the lateral displacement increases nonlinearly under both dry and saturated conditions as the PGA increases. Similarly, it is observed that the BM increases under both dry and saturated states as the L/D ratio increases. Regarding the acceleration histories, the pile BM was reduced by reducing the acceleration intensity. Hence, the pile BM decreased to about 31% when the applied ground motion switched from Kobe (PGA=0.82 g) to Ali Algharbi (PGA=0.10 g). This study reveals that the soil conditions affect the relationship pattern between the FR and the PGA. Also, this research could be helpful in understanding the threat of earthquakes in different ground characteristics.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.565-577
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• 2024

Vibration investigation of fluid-filled functionally graded cylindrical shells with ring supports is studied here. Shell motion equations are framed first order shell theory due to Sander. These equations are partial differential equations which are usually solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Langrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. A cylindrical shell is immersed in a fluid which is a non-viscous one. These shells are stiffened by rings in the tangential direction. For isotropic materials, the physical properties are same everywhere where the laminated and functionally graded materials, they vary from point to point. Here the shell material has been taken as functionally graded material. After these, ring supports are located at various positions along the axial direction round the shell circumferential direction. The influence of the ring supports is investigated at various positions. Effect of ring supports with empty and fluid-filled shell is presented using the Rayleigh - Ritz method with simply supported condition. The frequency behavior is investigated with empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell with ring supports versus circumferential wave number and axial wave number. Also the variations have been plotted against the locations of ring supports for length-to-radius and height-to-radius ratio. Moreover, frequency pattern is found for the various position of ring supports for empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell. The frequency first increases and gain maximum value in the midway of the shell length and then lowers down. It is found that due to inducting the fluid term frequency result down than that of empty cylinder. It is also exhibited that the effect of frequencies is investigated by varying the surfaces with stainless steel and nickel as a constituent material. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies and for better accuracy and effectiveness, the computer software MATLAB is used.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2010

어깨 관절의 외선의 증대와 내선의 감소는 야구 투수들의 어깨에 주의 깊게 발생한다는 것을 알아야한다. 본 연구의 목적은 MRI 진단을 통해 상완골 후경각을 판단하고, 야구 투수들에게 정해진 각도에서의 길항근의 신장성 수축과 주동근의 단축성 수축을 통한 근력을 비교 분석하는데 있다. 대상자는 어깨관절의 통증을 경험하지 않은 9명의 투수들을 선정하였고, 투구측과 비투구측을 어깨관절을 대상으로 등속성 시스템을 이용하여, $90^{\circ}/s$와 $180^{\circ}/s$의 속도로 어깨관절의 내선 $90^{\circ}$와 외선 $20^{\circ}$의 범위에서 근력측정을 하였다. 모든 데이터는 대응 t검정을 사용해 분석 및 평가를 하였다(p<0.05). 그 결과 투구측의 총 가동역은 $180.1^{\circ}$로 나타났으며, 비투구측은 $183.7^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 상완골 후경각은 투구측이 $47.6{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$로 나타났으며, 비투구측은 $37.8{\pm}5.3^{\circ}$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 투구측의 내선근 단축성 수축력(IR-Con)은 $31.5{\pm}5.1\;Nm$로 나타났으며, 비투구측의 $38.7{\pm}5.2\;Nm$와 비교해 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 투구측의 외선근 신장성 수축력(ER-Ecc)도 $20.3{\pm}4.7\;Nm$로 나타났으며, 비투구측의 $25.1{\pm}3.7\;Nm$에 비교해 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론으로는 본 연구의 검토를 통해 투수들의 어깨관절에 있어서 외선의 증대 및 내선의 감소는 상완골 후경각의 골성의 변화가 중요한 요인으로 나타났으며, 근력의 변화에도 중대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.237-257
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• 2005

It was to study as a following-research of "A Case Study on Center of Gravity(COG) Analysis when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[I]". The purpose of this study was to analyze the COG variables when performing uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by two postures and voluntary resistance levels(VRL) of uke(reciver) in Judo. The subjects, who were one male judoka(YH) for 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Olympian(silver medalist), and one male trainee; Y.I.University representative member (SDK), and were filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.) through 3-dimensional motion analysis methods, that postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture) and jigohontai(straight defensive posture), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The kinematical variable was COG variable, distance of COG, and distance of resultant COG between uke and tori(the thrower), velocity and acceleration of COG. The data of this study collection were digitized by SIMI Motion Program computed the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing uchinmata according to each posture and VRL of uke and classifying. From the data analysis and discussion, the conclusions were as follows : 1. Displacement of COG Subject YH, COG was the highest in kuzushi(balance -breaking), vertical COG was low when following in tsukuri(positioning; set-up), kake(application; execution), and COG was pattern of same character each postures and resistance, respectively. Subject SDK, COG was low from kumikata(engagement positioning) to kake, and COG was that each postures and resistance were same patterns, respectively. Subject YH, SDK, each individual, postures and resistance, vertical COG was the lowest in kake phase, when performing. 2. Distance of COG between uke and tori The distance of COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.64{\sim}0.70cm$ in kumikata, $0.19{\sim}0.28cm$ in kake, and SDK was $0.68{\sim}0.72cm$ in kumikata, $0.30{\sim}0.42\;cm$ in kake. SDK was wider than YH. 3. Distance of resultant COG between uke and tori The distance of resultant COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.27{\sim}0.73cm$ from kumikata to kake. and SDK was $0.14{\sim}0.34cm$ in kumikata, $0.28{\sim}0.65cm$ in kake. Jigohontai(YH:$0.43{\sim}0.73cm$,SDK:$0.59{\sim}0.65cm$) was more moved than shizenhontai(YH:$0.27{\sim}0.53cm$, SDK: $0.28{\sim}\;0.34cm$). 4. Velocity of COG The velocity of COG when performing uchimata, subject YH was fast anterior-posterior direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in tsukuri and kake. SDK was lateral, ant.-post. and vertical direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in take, respectively. 5. Acceleration of COG The acceleration of COG when performing uchimata, The trend of subject YH was showed fast vertical direction in kuzushi and tsukuri, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in kake. The trends of SDK showed lateral direction in kuzushi, lateral and ant.-post. direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in kake, respectively.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 고위도 하부 열권 역학을 좌우하는 물리적 과정을 이해하기 위하여, 상이한 행성간 자기장(Interplanetary Magnetic Field, IMF)에 따른 남반구 고위도 하부 열권에서의 소용돌이도(vorticity)와 발산(divergence)을 분석하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 미국립대기연구소(National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)의 열권-이온권 전기역학적 대순환 모델(Thermo sphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model, TIEGCM)을 이용하였다. 소용돌이도와 발산 분석은 전체 수평 바람장을 최종적으로 결정하는 운동량원(momentum source)을 밝히는데 도움을 주는 근원적인 흐름을 파악할 수 있게 해주며, 운동량원들의 상대적인 강도를 분석해내는데 좋은 도구가 된다. 고위도 하부 열권의 평균 바람장은 태양 복사와 쥴가열에 의해 유발되는 발산운동 보다는 이온대류에 의해 유발되는 회전운동에 의해 주로 지배된다는 것이 확인되었다. $IMF{\neq}0$와 IMF=0인 경우의 고위도 열권 하부에서의 소용돌이도 차이(difference vorticity)가 모든 IMF 조건에서 발산장 차이(difference divergence)에 비해 훨씬 더 크게 나타났다. 이는 IMF가 발산적인 흐름보다 회전적인 흐름에 더 강하게 영향을 끼치며, 나아가 IMF가 발산운동을 유발하는 에너지 유입보다는 회전운동을 유발하는 운동량 유입에 더 강하게 영향을 끼침을 의미한다. IMF의 방향에 따라 고위도 하부 열권에서의 소용돌이도 차이의 양상이 매우 달랐다 $B_y$가 음일 때는 지자기 위도 $-70^{\circ}$ 이상의 고위도에서 극을 중심으로 양의 소용돌이도 차이가 나타나고 $B_y$가 양일 때는 음의 소용돌이도 차이가 나타났다. $B_z$가 음인 경우 소용돌이도 차이가 저녁 영역에는 양이고 새벽 영역에는 음이며, $B_z$가 양인 경우에는 반대의 분포를 보였다. $B_z$가 음일 때가 양일 때보다 소용돌이도 차이가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었는데, 이는 IMF $B_z$가 남쪽으로 향할 때가 북쪽으로 향할 때보다 고위도 이온권의 이온대류를 더 강화시켜 열권 중성대기의 회전적인 흐름을 더 강하게 유발시킴을 의미한다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2004

목적: 견관절의 미세 불안정성의 한 원인이 되는 상부 관절와 순 전후방 병변과 회전 근 개의 병소를 관절경적으로 관찰하고 견관절의 운동 범위와 관절와 순 전후방 병변 그리고 이와 동반 된 회전근 개의 관절면 측 부분층 파열의 빈도와 그 형태를 확인 하고자 하였다 대상 및 방법: 견관절경술을 시행한 113예 중 관절와 순 전후방 병변으로 진단 받은 환자 45명, 46례를 대상으로하였다. interscalene마취하에서 견갑골을 고정한 후의 견관절의 전방 거상 및 견관절을 90도 외전한 위치에서의 내회전 및 외회전 운동 범위를 측정하고, 관절와 순 전후방 병변의 형태와 회전근 개 부분 손상의 형태 및 빈도를 수술 기록지 및 녹화한 기록을 통해 분류하였다. 결과: 관절 운동 범위는 견관절 전방 굴곡이 평균 150$^{\circ}$, 견갑골 고정 및 견관절 90도 외전하에서 견관절 외회전은 평균 65.5$^{\circ}$, 견관절 내회전은 평균 61.7$^{\circ}$로 측정되었다. Snyder의 분류에 의한 관절와 순 전후방 병변의 형태는, 제 2형이 40례로 가장 많았고, 회전근 개 관절면 측 부분층 파열을 동반한 경우는 전체 환자에서 24례l(52%)를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 관절와 순 전후방 병변 제1형 손상에서 관절면 측 부분층 파열은 5례 중 l례, 제2형에서 41례 중 22례, 제4형에서 1례 중 1례에서 발생하였고, 전 예에서 관절면 측 분분층 파열은 극상건의 전방부, 즉 이두박 건 바로 뒤쪽에 위치 하였다. 결론: 관절와 순 전후방 병변이 있는 환자에 있어서 회전근 개의 부분층 파열, 특히 관절면 측 손상이 흔히 동반되었고, 또, 2형 이상의 상대적으로 불안정성이 높은 경우에, 손상의 빈도가 높게 관찰 되었다 그러므로 미세 불안정성의 한 원인인 관절와 순 전후방 병변은 회전근 개 관절면 측 부분층 파열의 한 원인으로 생각할 수 있겠다.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.77-99
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• 1992

The study was carried out at W. hospital, an affiliated hospital of Y university, involved a total of 163 patients who were discharged from the hospital between May 1990 und March 199J. Data collection was twice, just prior to discharge and a minimum of three months post discharge. Thirty patients who lived within a hour travel time of the hospital received home care during the three months post discharge. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions For these patients were analyzed in this study. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Discharge needs for the subjects of the study were analyzed using Gordon's eleven Functional categories and it was found that 48.3% of the total sample had identified nursing needs. Of these, the needs most frequently identified were in the categories of sexuality, 79.3 %, health perception, 68.2 % self concept, 62.5 %, and sleep and rest 62.5 %. Looking ut j he nursing diagnosis that were made for the 30 patients receiving home care, the following diagnoses were the most frequently given; alteration in sexual pattern 79.3%, alterations in health maintenance, 72.6%, alteration in comfort, 68.0%, depression, 64.0%, noncompliance with diet therapy, 6.3.7%, alteration in self concept, 55.6%, and alteration in sleep pattern, 53%. 2. In looking at the effects of home nursing care as demonstrated by changes in the functional categories over the three month period, it was Found that of the 11 functional categories, the need level for health perception, nutrition, activity and self concept decreased slightly over the three month period. On the average sleep patterns improved, but restfulness was slightly less and bowel elimination patterns improved but satisfaction with urinary elimination was slightly less. On the other hand, role enactment, sexuality, stress management and spirituality decreased slightly. The only results that were statistically significant at the 0.05 level were improvement. in digestion and decrease in pain. No statistically significant changes were found in ability related to ADL, the total ADL Score at discharge was $19.78{\pm}8.234, and after 3 months $19.01{\pm}8.12$. Considering that a majority of the patients were over 60 years of age and that many had brain or spinal cord injuries, the fact that their ADL ability did nor deteriorate after discharge can be interpreted as related to a positive impact by the home health care nurses. Similarly there was a slight be not statistically significant decrease in the quality of life scores between the two lest times(l47.83 at discharge and 113.02 at the three month period). Again, when the chronic nature of thee problems facing these patients is considered this maintenance of quality of life can be interpreted as a positive impact by the home health care nurses. 3. One of the home care nursing activities was diagnosis. For this activity it was found that for nine functional health categories(sexuality and spirituality excepted) there were 20 nursing diagnoses. The most frequent were noncompliance, alteration in skin integrity both actual and potential, and impaired physical mobility in that order. 4. Delivery of home health care by the home health nurses included the following nursing activities; assessment, patient education, demonstration of care activities, counselling, direct care to the patient and referrals. Direct care included changing dressings, bladder irrigations, changing Foley catheters, measurement of residual urine, perineal care, position change, back care, oral hygiene, exercise and massage of motion exercises, cleansing enemas, tracheostomy suctioning and tracheostomy care, care of dentures, applications of heat and other similar nursing activities. In conclusion almost 50% of (he sample indicated a need for continued nursing care at the time of discharge and for the patients in the sample who received home care there was a slight decrease in nursing needs but while the patients had chronic and debilitation problems there was ill decrease in ADL abilities or in quality of life. Further study needs Lo be done La increase the reliability and validity of the tool that was used to measure home health care needs. It is also recommended that study by done using a randomized sampling with a control group to compare patients who receive home care with those who do not.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

4차원 방사선치료시 환자의 정확한 호흡 조절을 위한 바이오피드백 시스템의 개발을 위해 IR (Infra-red) 카메라 뿐만아니라 일반 카메라에서 얻는 영상에서 표적의 움직임을 추적하는 최적화된 추적 알고리즘을 찾고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 LabVIEW 2010을 사용해서 시스템을 구성하였다. 모션팬톰(motimo Phantom)의 움직임을 카메라 (IR 카메라와 일반 카메라)를 통하여 영상을 획득하고 영상처리를 거친 후 ROI (Region of interest)를 설정하여, 영상에서 지정한 ROI와 패턴 매치된 점의 상하의 움직임만 좌표로 기록하였다. 영상처리에는 문턱값을 사용하여 이진화된 영상을 만들고 Sobel, Prewitt, Differentiation, Sigma, Gradient, Roberts 등의 여러 윤곽선 강조방법들을 적용한 후에 영상을 합하여 사용했다. 다양한 방법들의 성능을 객관적으로 평가하기 위한 인자로 'score' 값을 정의하여 성능을 비교하였다. 모든 방법들을 최대한 같은 조건에서 비교하기 위해서 5분씩 3번 반복하여 측정하여 ASCII 파일로 저장하여 저장된 'score' 값의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하여 비교하였다. 문턱값만을 적용한 영상의 score는 706이고 표준편차는 84였다. 윤곽선강조를 사용한 알고리즘들의 score와 표준편차는 각각 Sobel 794와 64, Differentiation 770과 101, Gradient는 754과 85, Prewitt 763과 75, Roberts 777와 93, Sigma 822와 62였다. 가장 좋은 효율을 보인 알고리즘은 Sigma방법이였다. 추적 효율이 가장 좋게 나온 Sigma방법을 이용해서 호흡을 조절하여 호흡동조 방사선치료를 시행할 때 카메라(IR 카메라 및 일반 카메라)상의 점 추적에 대한 정확도의 증가로 치료 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 변동적인 특성을 지닌 자료 분석에 효과적인 확률, 통계기법을 도입하여, 하수처리장의 처리효율을 분석하고 그 결과를 설계에 반영할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 3개 대상하수처리장의 유입수와 처리수 자료(BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP)를 대상으로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 유입수의 표준편차는 $9.7\sim34.9$ mg/L로 평균농도 대비 약 $16.7\sim54.7%$의 범위를 보였으며, BOD와 SS가 상대적으로 큰 편차를 보였다. 처리수는 전 항목에 걸쳐 표준편차 $0.28\sim4.48$ mg/L, 평균수질 대비 $13.9\sim125%$의 범위를 보였고, SS의 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 각 처리장 처리수의 분포는 일정한 양상을 보이지 않았지만 BOD와 COD의 경우 전반적으로 정규분포 형태를, SS와 TN, TP는 대수정규분포에 근접한 형태를 나타냈으며, 오른쪽으로 치우친 경향을 나타내었다. 위와 같은 기본적인 통계처리 결과를 바탕으로 신뢰도 계수(coefficient of reliability, COR)를 도입하여 처리효율을 평가한 결과, 각 항목의 처리수질은 백분위 50% 수준에서 방류수 수질기준의 절반에 해당하는 농도를 보였으며, 모든 처리장에서 연간 방류수 수질기준 달성확률이 100%로 나타났다. 처리공정의 설계와 운전시 각 공정이 가지는 고유의 변동성을 반영하기 위해서는 성능결과를 객관화 할 수 있는 확률적 접근이 필요하며, 특히 방류수 수질기준에 대한 처리성능을 보다 과학적으로 평가하기 위해서는 신뢰성계수를 도입하여 기준달성의 신뢰성을 분석하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단되었다.30nm$ 조건)와 347 nm(${\Delta}\lambda=60nm$ 조건)에서의 형광 세기가 현장에서 톱밥 침출수 오염을 식별하는 가장 이상적인 식별지표로 밝혀졌다. 비록 이 연구가 제한된 대표시료와 오염원 종류에 국한되었지만 여기에 사용된 식별지표 평가 과정 및 구체적인 실험방법은 향후 형광측정을 이용한 실시간 오염원 추적 연구에 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대한다. 공정의 효율면에서도 훨씬 효율적인 것으로 조사되었다..문에, 이 연구에서 개발된 수치모델은 퇴적물에서 일어나는 미량 오염 물질의 거동을 파악하기 위해 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.on between instantaneous attack angle of blade section and the resultants real time force components. Through these investigation it is found out that the conventional imagination that the 7cull motion should be effective in generating lift force must be reconsidered because the attack angle of scull blade are too great to free from stall phenomena during the sculling operation.잠119>잠113>잠120의 순이었다.지방산의 조성이 많은 차이를 보였다.{2+}$ 26 및 $Na^+$ 26 mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 양액 재배 후 버려지는 폐양액 중의 무기성분 함량은 양액재배에

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.219-246
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• 1993

In 1991, Obesity rate of South Korea has reached to 18.7%. Because of economical development, the pattern of diet is exchanged from carbohydrate to rich protein and fat. The more problem is not only obesity of adult but also one of little child. Obesity is induced to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, artherosclerosis, hyperlipoidemia. heart and C.V.A disease, etc. In Woman, special important ploblem is the complex of beauty about Woman's figure. In Oriental Medicine, the factor of obesity is mainly regarded as dampness. And there are many treatments and methods to body weight loss, but obesity patients dislike to use them because of their side effects and inconvenience, intolerance. Now ear acupuncture is applied on so many disease because of its easy handly, non-side effect and high efficiency in clinics. Here obesity acupuncture is used to ear and whole body acupuncture. Because they react eachother for lack point. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of obesity acupuncture and develop non-drug, non-starvation etc, we analyzed 453 the cases of body weight loss patients treated with ear and whole body acupuncture in Oriental Medicine Hospital of Jeon-Ju Woo-Sug University from April.1.1992. to March.17. 1993. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Distribution of sex ; male (4.4%), Female(95.6%) 2. Distribution of age in descending order ; 30s, 20s, 40s, 10s, 50s, below 10s, abowe 60s. The 20s-30s are group made up 60.7% of the group. 3. Distribution of occupation in descending order; housewife, student, service, salaried, merchant, teacher, farmer, inoccupation. 4. Distribution of human coporal constitution in descending order : Tae-Eum-In, So-Eum-In, So-Yang-In. 5. Distribution of body height and weight, 155-164cm ; 71.1%, 60-70kg, 74.6% are majority. 6. Distribution of weight variation, 2-6kg(71.0%) is majority, also 13-14kg(0.4%). 7. Distribution of duration in descending order ; 1-3 years, 3-6 years, 1-12months, above 10 years but in success, 1-12 months, 1-3 years, 3-6 years, above 10 years. Therefore, we know that the shorter duration of obesity is, the more loss of body weight. 8. Past experiences to body weight loss; Yes(69.5%), No(30.5%). The success rate accordant with the past temporary experiences shows that the cases without experience is higher than the ones with experience. 9. In distribution of times(treatments), 10 times is top. The rate of body weight loss is the highest in 14 times. Therefore, I think that one would need at least 10 times. in order lose body weight 10. Distribution of body weight variation in treatments times is at 2 times(3-4kg loss), and surprisingly is 14kg loss at above 15 times. 11. Distribution of symptoms improvement, in descending order ; heavy sense in body, dec. of appetite, inc.of exercise, lumbago, edema, knee pain, inc.of urine, inc. of fullness sense, thirsty, disease of gynecology, white tung, chest burning, heart burning, dec.of tobacco, drink taste. motion sickness, allergy, water eczema, arthma, belching. 12. Distribution of snack; Yes(87.4%), No(78.6%) 13. Distribution of exercise; Yes(21.4%), No(78.6%) 14. Distribution of sleeping times, above 7 hours(79.0%) 15. Distribution of the reason to body loss, the complex of beauty(68.7%) is top. 16. Distribution of side effect in obesity acupuncture, constipation (17.4%) is top. 17. Distribution of method in body weight loss ; dietary treatment (31.1%), sauna(26.7%), exercise(19.7%), the center of body weight loss (15.0%) herb-med and starvation treatments (5.1%), hand-finger acupuncture (hand-foot acupuncture) is 1.6%, diet pill(0.3%), etc(0.6%).