• 영어영문학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.639-666
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• 2010

Meditation on Christ's body is peculiar to late medieval female mysticism. The somatic meditation on Christ basically derives from the Incarnation, but the female mystics focused more on the Passion and the Eucharist, i.e., Christ's bleeding and feeding. Then, female body structure and the gender role of nurturing were combined to make facile her imitatio Christi, because the female body was aptly identified with Christ's body. The blood flowing in the side of Christ was often in medieval graphics and texts identified with a mother's milk for a baby to suck. Wound and food, suffering and nourishing, were inseparable in Christ's and the female mystics' body. Thus, in late medieval female mystical practice, it is important to note, first, female mystics' bodily pain was not to be cured but endured; second, that not only did a female mystic eat Christ's body, but her own body was to be "eaten" by poor neighbors, just as Christ gave his own body to be eaten by believers. As Christ's body is punctured, so does the female body have open holes, and as Christ is food, so is the female body. This female meditation on Christ's body developed the notion of "divine motherhood" to be accepted and enjoyed quite literally by the female mystics in late medieval times. Yet, in a sense, the female mystics' meditating on Christ's feminine function of nourishing can be considered as their accepting and interiorizing the socially constructed female gender role and thus lacking in subversive power. Nevertheless, this meditative practice at least functioned to redeem the female body which had typically been labelled inferior and even dirty. Through Christ's feminized body, the female mystics rehabilitated their bodily dimension, presenting it to be shared by male believers. Capitalizing on the gender stereotype of womanhood itself, they converted female weakness to power.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the subjective experiences of female college students about how they accept, resist, and interpret their gender identities and roles. The research data were autobiographic essays reflecting research participants' gender identities internalization process. Thirty essays were chosen, and carried by qualitative content analysis. It turned out that most of these female students were not blessed their birth among their family members only because of their sexes. On the one hand, these female students were restricted their behaviors by their sexes in their daily lives such as responsibility on household work, not permitting drinking, late returning home, and sexual behavior before marriage. On the other hand, they sometimes took advantage of their sexes for self-rationalization. But they were proud of the fact that they will be mothers someday. It seemed that motherhood was center for their female identity.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권3호통권47호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of maternal experiences. This study applies ethnographic case study, interview data were collected through in-depth interviews of 10 key interviewees. Findings were as follows: (1) Experiences of the body were about creating a new being through the pain of giving a birth and differed according to woman's self-evaluation of identity. (2) Child-rearing experiences marked a shift of position from a child to a parent. Interviewees experienced the hardhsip of life as a mother, its meanings differed according to the social context of interviewees. Child-rearing experiences meant a process of personal maturity. (3) Mother-child relationship shaped by child-rearing experiences, is a process of building meanings. It led to empathy and reinterpretation of her mother's life.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.216-229
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• 1996

Pregnancy and delivery are the God's blessing as well as the right of all married women. But, these are agonizing events for the infertile women. Therefore, supportive nursing care for the infertile women is crucial in the process of diagnosis and treatment of infertility. The introduction of In Vitro Fertilization is a solution for infertility. But we take it serious that such socio-cultural factors as patriarchism, sex role, and motherhood are negatively influencing infertility women's experiences. Thus, nurses who take care of the infertile women need to have feministic perspectives as well as medical information, and expertise so that they could reach a comprehensive understanding on infertile women's experiences.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.88-107
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• 2017

Background: Adolescent mothers may find the transition to motherhood to be Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of nurse managers and directors of nursing services in community hospitals regarding the essential competencies of head nurses. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to investigate the perspective of nurse managers and directors of nursing services about essential competencies of nurse managers in community hospitals. A total of ten participants (four directors of nursing services and six nurse managers) were interviewed. Findings: Nurse managers and directors of nursing services identified leadership, management, communication, professional ethics, and policy and healthcare environment as the essential competencies for their positions in community hospitals. Conclusions: These findings can be used by executives of community hospitals and nursing institutes to plan for competency development for nurse managers. They should be included in nursing administration programs.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to make clear the symbolism expressed by the gorgeous costume elements in the portraits of Elizabeth 1. After English paintings in 16th century and the Portraits of Elizabeth I being investigated in view of its characteristics, the symbolism in the costume of the portraits was studied in analysis. The flowers, the pearls and the sieve denoting a pure virgin predominantly appeared, snake for discretion and wisdom, phoenix for eternal youth and renewal, pelican for motherhood, and eyes and ears for almightiness and sound judgement as an utmost power was found. The color was mainly of black or white and sometimes of these two mixtures. The white means a purity and black, eternity and the mixture of them signifies a virtue of purity. This thesis may help people understand the gorgeous costume of Elizabeth 1. not as an external extravagance, but as an internal emblem or signs delivering its specific significance.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the research contents and designs of nursing papers on women's health. 1010 articles published in 9 Korean nursing journals and 2070 matser's theses and doctoral dissertations in nursing science for 10 years from 1988 through 1997 were reviewed. The percent of nursing papers on women's health was 12.7%(390) out of a total of 3080 papers. Major findings of 390 nursing papers analyzed were as following : 1. The contents of nursing papers on women's health were classified by 8 categories such as childbirth(19.5%), women's health state and behavior(18.5%), motherhood(14.9%), cultural and social issues(12.8%), menstruation(8.7%), mental health(8.2%), caring activities(8.2%), and surgery(7.7%). 2. The principal designs used in nursing papers on women's health were descriptive and correlational survey(70.8%), experimental design(14.4%), and qualitative research design(14.1%).

• 한국인구학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.185-207
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• 2006

노동시장에서 성별직업분리의 연속성을 설명하는 주요한 논의들은 여성들의 직업선택에 성역할분화가 뿌리깊은 영향을 미치고 있음을 지적하고 있다. 즉, 여성들은 어머니로서의 역할을 보다 수월하게 병행할 수 있는 직업--그것이 모성역할에 보다 호의적이건, 또는 노동시장의 진입과 이탈에 보다 우호적이건--을 선택하는 경향이 강하다는 것이다. 그리고 이러한 여성들의 자녀양육의 책임에 따른 직업선택이 결과적으로 성별직업분리를 영속화시키는 주요한 원인이라는 점을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 이론적, 경험적 논의를 바탕으로, 여성들의 임신과 자녀양육의 영향에 초점을 두고 본 연구는 성별 직업분리가 여성들의 직업연속성에 미치는 효과를 분석한다. 본 연구는 미국의 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979-1998 데이터를 이용하여 시간연속적 사건사 분석 방법(continuous time event history models)을 적용하여 여성들이 직업을 이탈하는 다양한 유형과 과정을 분석한다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 여성직종에 근무하는 여성들은 비 여성직종에 근무하는 여성들보다 직업을 이탈할 가능성이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이, 이러한 직업분리도와 여성직업 연속성의 관계는 여성의 자녀양육에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 자녀를 둔, 또는 임신한 여성들이 직장을 떠날 가능성은 더 많지만, 여성직종에 근무하는 여성들은 비 여성직종에 근무하는 여성들보다 노동시장을 완전히 이탈할 가능성은 오히려 낮은 것으로 본 연구결과는 나타내고 있다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 이론적 논쟁점 여성들의 여성직종 선택은 여성성의 표현이고 그들의 모성역할을 수행하기 위하여 전략적으로 여성직종을 선택한다는 것과 일치하지 않는 것이다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 성별 직종분리가 임신과 육아책임을 수행하기 위한 여성의 경제적 합리성에 근거한 자발적 선택이라는 이론적 논의는 다시 고찰되어야 한다는 점을 강조한다. 것으로 판정되었다.때문에 오히려 낮은 파괴강도를 보였다. 경도는 입계에 존재하는 coalesced Mo 입자들과 matrix의 입성장 때문에 더욱 감소하였으나 반면에 파괴인성은 더욱 증가하는 경 향을 보였다.과 향을 적당하게 평가함으로써 전반적인 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가된 것으로 사료된다. 또한 23시간의 가열 농축은 31시간에 비해 경제적인 면에서도 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로 떫은감을 가열 농축하여 제조한 23시간 농축액은 자연적인 강한 단맛을 제공할 수 있고 동시에 항산화성과 탄닌성분을 많이 함유함으로써 식품조리와 식품가공에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 가졌으며 이는 Silymarin(93%) 보다도 우수하였다. 2종의 박하 추출물 투여군들 사이에는 혈청 GPT 활성에 대한 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 7.과산화물질 (TBARS)의 함량은 정상군에 비해 음성대조군에서 약간의 함량 증가가 관찰되었으나 유의적인 수준은 아니었으며 대부분의 박하 추출물 투여군과 Silymarin 투여군에서 과산화지질이 비슷한 수준으로 증가하여 박하는 알콜에 의한 과간화지질생성에 대한 저해효과가 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 8. 상대간장중량은 각 실험군별로 상대간장중량에서의 차이는 다소 있었으나 유의성은 없었다.mg/ml로 한 EtOAc 분획물은 26의 돌연변이 유발성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 부터 뽕나무를 이용한 식용 제품생산을 고려할 때 추출물들의 제조와 선택을 가름하는 자료로서의 활용이 기대되며 앞으로 in vivo test 등 더욱 연구할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.0^{-4}\;pg/cell$로 60 kHz로 병행 추출한 복분자 water 분획층의 $19.5{\times}10^{-4}\;pg/cell$보다 높은 분비량을 나타내었다. 당귀와 마황에서도 40 kHz의 초음파로 병행 추출한 것이 더 높은 분비량을 나타내었다. NK-cell의 활성도를 공정 요인별로 측정한 결과

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.150-167
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• 1991

The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

• 한국여성학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.203-231
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• 2014

정치가 펼쳐지는 장소로서의 정치공간은 일반적으로 남성의 공간으로 간주된다. 여성 정치인의 숫자가 증가하고 있지만 대다수의 핵심적인 정치공간은 여전히 남성에 의해 지배되고 있다. 그래서 여성 정치인은 정치공간에서 남성 정치인과 다름없다는 것을 보여주기 위해 남성적 수사학을 활용하는 한편으로, 남성 정치인과의 차별성을 드러내고 여성 정치인으로서의 새로움을 강조하기 위해 퍼스트레이디나 어머니의 수사학 같은 여성적 수사학을 활용하기도 한다. 이런 가운데 여성 정치인은 남성 정치인과는 달리 남성적 수사학과 여성적 수사학 사이에서 적절한 균형을 유지해야 하는 어려움에 직면한다. 이런 맥락에서, 이 글은 먼저 II장에서 남성에 의한 정치공간의 독점 및 이에 따른 남성적 수사학의 지배에 대해 살펴봄으로써, 정치공간이 젠더화되어 있다는 점을 강조한다. 이어 III장에서는 남성적 수사학이 정치공간을 지배하고 있는 상황에서 여성 정치인이 자신의 목소리를 내기 위해 주로 활용해 온 여성적 수사학, 즉 퍼스트레이디나 어머니의 수사학이 갖는 가능성과 한계를 분석한다. 나아가 IV장에서는 남성에 의한 정치공간의 독점 및 남성적 수사학의 지배라는 상황을 변화시키기 위한 두 가지 전략, 즉 여성의 주류화 전략과 젠더의제의 주류화 전략을 살펴본다. 마지막으로 결론에 해당하는 V장에서는 앞으로의 여성적 수사학이 여성의 다양성에 주목하여 새로운 대안적 수사학을 발전시켜 나갈 필요가 있음을 강조한다.