• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.580-584
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• 1998

Tenderization of beef by the addition of barks(Morus alba Linne) and its sensory properties were observed by shearing test, cooking loss, pH, protein content and sensory evaluation. Shear force was decreased as the addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne) increased. Tenderization effect of beef was increased 8,8% at the addition level of 2.5%, 25% at 5.0%, 4.7% at 7.5%, 58% at 10% barks(Morus alba Linne). Cooking loss was observed 44.50% at the no addition, 45.3% at 2.5%, 45.8% at 5.0%, 47.5% at 7.5%, 50.0% at 10% addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne). As the addition level of barks(Morus alba Linne) increased pH of cooked beef decreased to the range of 5.6 to 5.46. As the addition level of barks (Morus alba Linne) increaed protein content of beef decreased whereas protein content of cooled liquor increased. The addition of barks(Morus alba Linne) improved the sensory quality of cooked beef. Especially, tenderness scored the highest value in 10% added beef and other quality factors color, flavor, juiciness and overall quality were evaluated significantly high in 5% added beef. Therefore 5% addition level of barks(Morus alba Linne) for cooking beef was suggested as the desirable level of addition.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.576-579
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• 1998

Water extract of mulberry tree barks(Morus alba Linne) was studied for its proteolytic activity. Protein content of the extract was 1.12mg/ml and its specific activity was 5.14U/ml. The enzyme was active on various proteins : the relative acitities were 100 for casein, 63 for albumin, 58 for collagen, 45 for hemoglobin and 36 gelatin, respectively. There suggested that the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze meat was relatively high since those are major meat proteins. Optimum pH and temperature for proteolytic activity were : pH 6.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$. And the enzyme was stable at the pH range of 6.0 to 7.0 and temperature between 50 and 8$0^{\circ}C$. Apparent proteolytic activities could support some scientific grounds of traditional application of mulberry tree barks to home cooking for meat tenderization.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1236-1240
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• 1997

상백피를 75% 에탄올로 추출하여 얻은 조 추출물을 다시 용매별로 순차 분획 후 Listeria monocytogenes 5균주에 대하여 증식저해 효과를 비교한 후 항균활성 물질을 확인하였다. 활성이 있는 획분을 1차 및 2차 column chromatography를 통하여 활성 물질을 순수 분리하여 활성 물질 획분(F-5')을 얻었고 이 획분을 tryptic soy broth에 100 및 300 ppm을 첨가하여 Listeria monocytogenes를 증식시킨 결과 배양시간에 따라 뚜렷한 균수의 감소가 관찰되어 높은 살균효과가 인정되었으며 처리된 균체의 세포적의 비정상적인 형태가 전자현미경을 통하여 관찰되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

Objectives : Mori Ramulus is a young branch of Morus alba Linne, which has been used as traditional medicines for antidiarrhea, antibacteria, and antihypertension in Korea. With the basis on these medicinal activities, it is registered at the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The standard for quality control in use, however, is not yet validated.Methods : We experiment on heavy metals test, TLC, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, contents of ethanolsoluble extracts and contents of oxyresveratrol by using the 15 samples of Mori Ramulus which are collected domestically. We tested items according to the General Test, processes and apparatus, Crude Drugs Test of KP(2011).Results : Purity test(Heavy metals) showed contents for Pb, As, Hg, and Cd range of 0.1~1.1 ppm, 0.0~0.2 ppm, 0.00~0.01 ppm, and 0.00~0.02 ppm. Identification test(Thin layer chromatography) was on comparing with morucine standard solution in R_f value, all samples showed morucine spot (dark blue, R_f : 0.3) as same as R_f value of morucine-standard solution. Loss on drying was ranged from 5.1 to 8.9 %, ash and acid-insoluble ash were between the range 3.0~6.3% and 0.3~0.8%. Contents of ethanol-soluble extracts was ranged from 6.2 to 12.0%. Content of oxyresveratrol was ranged from 0.01 to 0.16 % based on the oxyresveratrol standard curve.Conclusions : We sincerely hope that this study will be contributed to the standardization and quality control of Korean herbal medicines.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.539-544
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• 1994

Listeria monocytogenes(Lm)에 항균성 이 있는 뽕나무와 고삼 75% 에탄올 추출물을 chloroform($CHCl_{3}$), ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH), 물 순으로 순차 분획하여 얻은 분획물을 tryptic soy broth에 농도별로 첨가하여 5균주의 L. monocytogenes의 증식 저해효과를 관찰하였다. 뽕나무 추출물의 $CHCl_{3}$ 및 EtOAc 분획물은 실험 대상균주 모두에 뚜렷한 증식 억제효과를 보였고, 고삼은 Lm ATCC 19113균주에 대하여 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물이 비교적 높은 항균성을 보였다. 뽕나무 추출물의 경우 Lm ATCC 19111 균주는 EtOAc 분획물 500ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19112 균주는 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물 1000ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19113 균주는 EtOAc 분획물 500ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19114 및 15313 균주는 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물 1000ppm에서 완전증식 억제효과를 보였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Objective : Morus alba Linne Root Bark (MRAL) is a medicinal herb in Korean Medicine, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. However, its mechanisms of action and the cellular targets have not yet been found and the study was developed to investigate the allergic suppressive effect of MRAL. The purpose of this study is to investigate the allergic suppressive effects of MRAL on activation of MC/9 mast cells. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of MRAL (50, 100, 200, 400 ${\mu}g/mL$) on MC/9 mast cells measured using EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit (WST reagent). The levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 mRNA expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR respectively. The expression of transcription factors such as GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity were measured by western blot and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : Our results indicated that MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced production of IL-5 and IL-13 and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 mRNA in MC/9 mast cells. Moreover, MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos protein expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity in MC/9 mast cells. Conclusions : In conclusion, we suspect the anti-allergenic activities of MRAL, may be related to the regulation of transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding assay causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in mast cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1979

The present study was undertaken to investigate effect of water extracts of the mulberry leaves (MWE) on arterial blood pressure and respiration in cats. And also studied were depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE in the animals pretreated separately with atropine(2.5 mg/kg), propranolol(2 mg/kg), dibenamine (15 mg/kg), and hexamethonium (1.5 mg/kg) in order to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of MWE. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Following intravenous administration of 0.25 ml/kg and 0.5 ml/kg of MWE into the cat the maximum depressor responses observed were $60.2{\pm}2.3\;mmHg$ and $72.3{\pm}1.7\;mmHg$ respectively. 2) Since depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE were partially inhibited by hexamethonium and markedly by atropine, it is strongly suggested that depressor activity of MWE mainly results from its vagal effects. 3) After administration of MWE respiratory rate was invariably increased following a short period of apnea.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2015

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf (Morus alba Linne) powder. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, dietary fiber, and rutin contents of used mulberry leaf powder were 6.65%, 19.50%, 3.26%, 18.24, 38.91 and 0.54%, respectively. The tested concentrations of mulberry leaf powder were 0, 3, 5, and 7%. The Yukwa were stored at $45^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. Yukwa dough prepared with mulberry leaf powder had a lower pH compared to the control group. As more mulberry leaf powder was added, the spread ratio, moisture content, and volume increased. As more mulberry leaf powder was added, L-value decreased while a and b values increased with increasing mulberry leaf powder content. The hardness of Yukwa made with 7% mulberry leaf powder was the highest among the samples. In the sensory tests, Yukwa with 5% mulberry leaf powder received the highest scores. The acid value and peroxide values were lower in Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf powder than control. Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf powder strongly inhibited oxidation of lipids. The thiobarbituric values were lower in Yukwa prepared with 5% mulberry leaf powder than in Yukwa prepared with 3% and 7% mulberry leaf powders and control Yukwa. These results suggest that mulberry leaf powder can be applied to Yukwa to achieve high quality and functionality.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.545-551
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• 1994

식용 가능성이 있는 식물 49종의 열매, 줄기, 잎, 껍질 혹은 뿌리를 75% ethanol을 용매로 추출물을 얻고 이를 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19113, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114 및 L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313을 대상으로 증식저해 정도를 disk method로 검색하고 효과가 있는 것은 액체 배지에 농도별로 첨가, 그 효과를 비교하였다. L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111에 비교적 높을 항균성을 보인 식물의 ethanol 추출물은 털진득찰, 뽕나무이고 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112와 ATCC 19114에는 뽕나무, ATCC 19113에는 고삼, 뽕나무, ATCC 15313에는 뽕나무, 꿀풀, 회향 등 이었다 이들 식물 추출물중 광범위하게 항균성을 나타내는 뽕나무껍질 추출물은 실험한 L. monocytogenes 5종 모두에 대하여 500ppm 첨가 수준에서 대부분 완전 증식억제 현상을 보였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.567-572
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• 1997

This reserch was carried out to investigate the nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of 7 kinds of tea extracts. Nitrites are used as additives of cured meat preperation and exist in plants, foods, and medicines, so we intake it very often easily. Nitrites can act with amines to produce nitrosamine which is known to be a carcinogen. It is known that the pH, concentration of amines, and amounts of nitrite are three important conditions of nitrosamine occurence. 7 kinds of tea used in this experiment were Persimmon tree (Diospyroo kaki Thiunb, Per.), Mulberry tree (Morus alba Linne, Mul.), Rubber tree (eucommia ulmoi-des Oliver, Rub.), Solomon's-seal (Bolygonatu Morr, Som.), Chicory (Cichorrium intybus L, Chi.), Sumach (Rhus javanica L., Sum.), Docwood (Cornus officinale Sieb, Doc.) and they were extracted with methanol (MeOH), ethyl ether (EtEt), ethyl acetate (EtAc), and also the extract existed in the aqueous layer II (Aq L. II) was used.