• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 1997

Background: There is considerable controversy concerning the most appropriate surgical treatment of patients with DTC. Objectives: In order to selection of the appropriate surgical treatment for DTC, we have analyzed the outcome of the different types of surgical treatment in low and high risk groups of DTC. Materials and Methods: From January 1968 through december 1980, a total of 71 patients with DTC were treated surgically at our institution. According to Cady and Rossi's scoring system, the patients were divided into low risk and high risk groups. Results: Seventy percent of patients were defined as low risk group with a 4% death rate whereas 30% of patients at high risk with a death caused by thyroid cancer in 38%(p<0.05). There was no difference in mortality between ipsilateral lobectomy and total thyroidectomy in both low and high risk groups(p>0.1). Conclusion: In our study, total thyroidectomy was not benefit in high risk group. These results suggested that total thyroidectomy must be selected carefully and based on clear evidence of major improvement in outcome or absence of other suitable surgical approaches. However, follow up study of more cases will be needed for accurate determination of the efficacy of total thyroidectomy in high risk group.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.457-461
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• 2010

To estimate the effect of selective breeding on the improvement of growth in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, we compared the growth of a strain selected for rapid growth to that of an unselected strain from a commercial hatchery. The fish strains were fed with either moist pellets (MP) (dry matter, 59.8% crude protein; 14.1% lipid) or extruded pellets (EP) (dry matter, 50.4% crude protein; 13.8% lipid) for 190 days and were reared under similar conditions. The mortality rates were less than 2% and were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The growth rate of the selected fish was significantly greater than that of the unselected fish regardless of the diet type, and both strains fed MP grew significantly faster than those fed EP. The selected fish consumed more feed than the unselected fish. However, there was no significant difference in the feed efficiency between the selected and unselected fish. These results demonstrate that the selected fish exhibited superior growth rates, and that this was associated with a greater intake of food. Thus, selective breeding may be useful for improving the growth of commercial olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to confirm the nutritional requirements and improve the survival of the walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, a cold seawater fish, by enrichment. We analyzed the fatty acids and amino acids of fertilized pollock eggs before hatching, just-hatched larvae, larvae that had absorbed only the yolk sac, and larvae starved for 2 days after yolk absorption. For the survival improvement experiment, we administered docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and DHA-EPA enrichment. Fatty acid decreased DHA and EPA content. On the $30^{th}$ day, body growth was significantly greater in pollock given the EPA and DHA-EPA treatments (P<0.05). Larval survival at 20 and 30 days after hatching (DAH) was greatest under the DHA-EPA treatment (P<0.05). Survival was significantly lower under the EPA treatment at 10 DAH, but then increased to approach that seen under the EPA-DHA treatment (P<0.05). Therefore, we determined that reduced survival in hatchlings of high-mortality pollack could be improved by controlling EPA and DHA content during enrichment. We conclude that cold seawater fish must be given feed that meets their nutritional needs, which can be accomplished using newly manufactured enrichment products for the larvae of cold seawater fish, such as pollock.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1301-1309
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the use of nurse sows and post-weaning nutrition strategies for low wean weight (WW) pigs on lifetime growth and efficiency. Methods: Animals (n = 270) were assigned to one of five treatments at 28 d. Low WW pigs (<6 kg) were either weaned and offered a special dietary regime recommended for low WW pigs (WEAN) or placed on a nurse sow (NURSE) and weaned at 49 d. Normal WW pigs (9 kg) (NORM) were also weaned at 28 d. After weaning, NORM and NURSE pigs were offered either a 'high' (4 kg/pig of starter 1 diet followed by 8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) or 'low' (8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) starter diet allowance in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. A typical grower diet was then offered, followed by a typical finisher diet until 147 d of age. Results: NORM pigs where heavier throughout their life compared to NURSE pigs (91.4 kg vs 76.2 kg at 147 d; p<0.001). WEAN pigs were heavier at 70 d compared to NURSE pigs (23.9 kg vs 21.0 kg; p<0.001), but there was no significant difference at 147 d between NURSE and WEAN treatments. NURSE pigs had reduced feed intake throughout the finishing period (1.6 kg/d; p<0.001) compared to WEAN (2.0 kg/d) and NORM (1.9 kg/d) pigs. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NURSE (2.20) was lower than NORM and WEAN during the finishing period (2.40 and 2.79, respectively). Conclusion: Extended (up to 49 d) nursing for low WW pigs resulted in improved FCR during the finishing period, but no overall improvement in growth rate compared to low WW pigs weaned at 28 d and offered a specialised starter regime. Normal WW pigs where significantly heavier than low WW pigs throughout the study.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

Objective : Vasospasm of cerebral vessels remains a major source of morbidity and mortality after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TBA) for SAH-induced vasospasm. Methods : Eleven patients with an angiographically confirmed significant vasospasm (>50% vessel narrowing and clinical deterioration) were studied. A total of 54 vessel segments with significant vasospasm were treated by TBA. Digital subtraction angiography was used to confirm the presence of vasospasm, and TBA was performed to dilate vasospastic arteries. Medical and angiographic reports were reviewed to determine technical efficacy and for procedural complications. Results : TBA using Hyper-Glide or Hyper-Form balloons (MicroTherapeutics, Irvine, CA) was successfully accomplished in 88.9% vasospastic segments (48 of 54), namely, in the distal internal carotid artery (100%, n=7), the middle cerebral artery (100%), including the M1 (n=10), M2 (n=10), and M3 segments (n=4), in the vertebral artery (100%, n=2), basilar artery (100%, n=1), and in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), including the A1 (66%), A2 (66%), and A3 segments (100%). Vessel diameters significantly increased after TBA. There were no cases of vessel rupture or thromboembolic complications. GCS at one day after TBA showed an improvement in all patients except one. Conclusion : This study suggests that TBA using Hyper-Glide or Hyper-Form balloons is a safe and effective treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2009

Objective : Cerebral vasospasm leading to cerebral ischemic infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients who suffer with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite adequate treatment, some patients deteriorate and they develop symptomatic vasospasm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and clinical outcome of intraarterial nimodipine infusion on symptomatic vasospasm that is refractory to hemodynamic therapy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the procedure reports, the clinical charts and the transcranial doppler, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography results for the patients who underwent endovascular treatment for symptomatic cerebral vasospasm due to aneurysmal SAH. During the 36 months between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2007, 19 patients were identified who had undergone a total of 53 procedures. We assessed the difference in the arterial vessel diameter, the blood flow velocity and the clinical outcome before and after these procedures. Results : Vascular dilatation was observed in 42 of 53 procedures. The velocities of the affected vessels before and after procedures were available in 33 of 53 procedures. Twenty-nine procedures exhibited a mean decrease of 84.1 cm/s. We observed clinical improvement and an improved level of consciousness with an improved GCS score after 23 procedures. Conclusion : Based on our results, the use of intraarterial nimodipine is effective and safe in selected cases of vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 1996

Ebstein's anomaly is an unusual and a rare congenital cardiac malformation but characteristic abnormality of the development of the tricuspid valve, right atrium and ventricle. The characteristic findings are a displaced tricuspid valve with a septal leaflet spiralling into the right ventricle. The surgical correction is variable and are left unsolved problem in surgical treatment of anomaly. Between January 1988 ＆ December 1995, we experienced 11 cases of Ebstein's anomaly and associated cardiac anomalies are ASD, PFO, ASD with VSD. The typically displaced tricuspid valve leaflet was found in all cases. In the NYHA functional classification, three were in class II, seven were in class III, and one was in class IV. Nine patients were operated by tricuspid annuloplasty ＆ plication with Danielson's method and two patients were done by tricuspid valve replacement with plication, and in all cases associated anomaly was corrected. Postoperatively, five patients suffered from complication - low cardiac output syndrome, arrhythmia and wound infection. There was no operative mortality and the postoperative courses were relatively good conditions with more improvement of symptoms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.3 s.260
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• pp.255-259
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• 2006

The operation for esophageal cancer is both complex and challenging, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared to other oncologic surgeries. Minimally invasive surgeries have been applied on various kinds of surgery to enhance better recovery with minimal surgical complications. But for the esophageal cancer, it has not been actively applied yet. With improvement in instrumentations and increasing experience with endoscopic surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgical approaches to esophageal cancer are being explored to determine feasibility, results and potential advantages. We experienced eight cases of minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer and report here focusing on surgical techniques and tips.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.514-520
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• 2000

Objective : Stereotactic psychosurgery is known as one of effective means of treating in some medically intractable psychiatric illness. However, it is unfamiliar and it's long-term clinical result has not reported in our country. The authors evaluated its long-term results of pscychosurgery and discussed its neuroanatomical basis. Methods : Since 1993, eight patients underwent stereotactic psychosurgery for medically intractable psychiatric illnesses. All were referred from psychiatrist of these disorders, one was aggressive behavior, five were obsessive-compulsive disorders(OCD), and two were depression with anxiety disorders. Bilateral amygdalotomy and subcaudate tractotomy were done for aggressive behavior, and limbic leukotomy was done for OCD and depression with anxiety. The results of OCD were evaluated with with YBOCS(Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale) and VAS (visual analogue scale), CGI(clinical global impairment) in OCD, and OAS(overt aggression scale), MMS, WAIS were checked for the evaluation of aggressive behavior. Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) was used for evaluation of depression. Ventriculography was used in the first five patients and MR-guided stereotaxy was used in recent three cases for localization of target. The lesions were made with radiofrequency lesion generator. Results : With long-term follow up(mean 45 months) in five OCDs, mean YBOCS declined from 34 to 3(n=5). All returned to previous social life. In OAS scores of aggressive behavior during six-year follow up, scores declined from 8 to 2 with clinical improvement. In two patients with depression with anxiety, HAMD declined from 28.5 to 16.5(n=2). There was no operative mortality and no significant morbidity except one case of mild transient urinary incontinence. Conclusion : With these long-term results, authors assumed that stereotactic psychosurgery could be one of safe and effective mtherapeutic methods in several medically intractable psychiatric illness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of school-based education programmes to prevent unintentional injuries in 7~19 years old. Methods: To perform a systematic literature survey, the researchers searched three databases - MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and THE COCHRANE LIBRARY - for literature relevant to 'safety accidents in school' (published up to October 2013). The term 'school-based unintentional injuries' was used to sort out studies on injuries. This study adopted a pretest-posttest comparative design and the participants were children and adolescents aged 7 to 19 years. Results: The search yielded 9,553 records, of which eight studies were included in the review. The eight studies examined the effect of school-based education programmes to prevent unintentional injuries. The research revealed that education programmes had a significant impact on knowledge improvement and behavior change. Although two studies of the total eight showed a difference in attitude scores between the experimental group and the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Despite the changes in education and public policy, trauma-related injuries continue to result in an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, particularly among young people. More effective school health programs, policies and programmatic interventions are needed to reduce safety accidents and improve health among youth.