• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) divergence between two subspecies of $Mustela$ $sibirica$ from Korea ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$ on the Korean Peninsula and ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$ on Jeju Island) and to examine the taxonomic status of ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$. Thus, we obtained complete sequences of mtDNA cytochrome $b$ gene (1,140 bp) from the two subspecies, and these sequences were compared to a corresponding haplotype of ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$, downloaded from GenBank. From this analysis, it was observed that the sequences from monogenic ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$ on Jeju Island were identical to the sequences of four ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$from four locations across the Korean Peninsula, and that the two subspecies formed a single clade; the average nucleotide distance between the two subspecies was 0.26% (range, 0.00 to 0.53%). We found that the subspecies $quelpartis$ is not genetically distinct from the subspecies $coreanus$, and that this cytochrome $b$ sequencing result does not support the current classification, distinguishing these two subspecies by pelage color. Further systematic analyses using morphometric characters and other DNA markers are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as 'magma seawater', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes and plasma lipid levels, hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MSW group than in the normal tap water (TW)-drunken control group. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was significantly decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was increased in MSW group compared to TW group. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were lowered in MSW groups compared to the control group. In a morphometric observation on the liver tissue, accumulation of fats was remarkably reduced in MSW group. Meanwhile, in vitro assay, tree radical scavenging activity measured by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was increased in MSW group. The 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining followed with fluorescent microscopy showed a low intensity of fluorescence in MSW-treated HepG2 cells, compared to TW-treated HepG2 cells, which indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells was decreased by MSW treatment. The antioxidant effect of MSW on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was supported by the increased activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione reductase. From these results, we speculate that MSW has an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in liver and might play a protective role against cell damage by t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We used flowcytometry to ploidy verification after that investigate difference between diploid and spontaneous triploid through the truss dimension and classical dimension at crucian carp, Carassius auratus, crucian carp C. cuvieri and common carp, Cyprinus carpio collected from Hangang river, Hantangang river, Imjingang river, Geumgang river, Yeongsangang river and Nakdonggang river, Korea. There were significant differences among the three species for the truss dimensions anterior origin of dorsal fin $(2){\times}$ anterior origin of anal fin (5), $2{\times}$ anterior origin of pelvic fin (6), $2{\times}$ origin of pectoral fin (7), posterior origin of dorsal fin $(3){\times}5$, $3{\times}6$, and $3{\times}7$ (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the three species in the truss dimensions dorsal fin length ($2{\times}9$) and eye diameter (ED)(P>0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the several classical dimensions of each species (P>0.05). Three classical dimensions, most anterior extension of the head $(1){\times}2$, $1{\times}6$ and $2{\times}$ most posterior scale in lateral line (4) did not differ between the C. auratus diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). Two classical dimensions, $1{\times}6$ and longest length between most anterior extension of the head and gill cover ($1{\times}8$) did not differ between the C. cuvieri diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). One classical dimensions, $1{\times}2$ did not differ between the common carp diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the each diploid and triploid species (P<0.05). These results suggest that the classification of each species and classification between diploid and spontaneous triploid morphometrical parameters used in this study are useful indices of morphometrical status in the each species from major river of Korea.

• 생태와환경
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• 제33권4호통권92호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2000

본 연구는 1993${\sim}$1994년 대청호에서 호수 형태 및 수리수문학적 변동에 대한 몬순강도의 영향을 평가하였다. 연구기간 동안, 강우, 유입수 및 방류량과 같은 수리수문학적 변수들은 뚜렷한 연간 대조를 보였다. 계절별 강우에 따르면, 강우량의 큰 격차는 7${\sim}$8월 장마기간에 일어났으며, 강으로부터의 유입량, 방류량 및 수체류 시간에 영향을 주었다. 1993년 총 유입량은 1994년에 비해 4배 이상을 넘었으며, 특히 1993년 하절기 유입량은 1994년 하절기에 비해 8배 이상을 상회하였다. 연평균 호수의 수체류 시간은 1993년, 1994년에 각각 93.2일, 158.6일로서 뚜렷한 대조를 보였으며, 장마기간에 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 호수의 형태적 특성은 연간 대조적인 수리 수문학적 차이를 반영하여, 호수면적, 체적, 만 형성도, 및 평균수심은 1993년에 장마전 부터 장마후까지 계속적으로 증가한 반면, 1994년은 같은 기간에 대해 감소하였다. 이런 결과는 1993년 호수물의 얕은 연안대와의 접측 면적이 1994년에 비해 증가하여 저질과 영양염류 교환의 증가를 가져왔다. 또한 대청호수계면적과 호수면적의 비는 평균 해수면 80m에서 60.7로서, 국내 인공호인 소양호 및 안동호에서의 값보다 2${\sim}$3배 컸고, 자연호 보다는 10배 이상 컸다. 이런 호수 형태 및 수리 수문학적인 특성은 부영양화 현상을 조절하는 가장 중요한 인자중의 하나인 호수내 영양염류 농도에 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다. 기존의 영양염류 부하량 모델은 계절적으로 안정된 유입량 및 수체류 시간하에서 적용될 수 있다고 가정하기 때문에, 하절기 변동이 극대화되는 우리나라 상황에서 호수 영양염류를 산정 예측할 때 Mass-Balance Model 이용은 신중을 기해야 된다고 사료된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2008

신경계통의 가소성은 신경세포의 변화에 의해 이루어질 뿐 아니라 신경아교세포의 변화에 의해서도 이루어진다. 신경아교세포 중 별아교세포는 신경세포의 기능을 조절하므로 정상적인 뇌의 기능을 유지하는데 매우 중요하다. 뇌에서 편도복합체는 위험 혹은 유해한 일련의 감각정보를 받아들이는 구역으로 받아들인 일련의 이와 같은 정보를 통합하고 변환시켜 공포라는 감정을 만들어낸다. 이런 과정은 편도복합체 신경세포에서 분비되는 신경전달물질의 균형변화에 의해 이루어지며, 신경전달물질의 조절에 별아교세포가 관여하므로 본 연구에서는 출생 전 스트레스와 성장 후에 받은 스트레스가 편도복합체 별아교세포의 세포체에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 이를 위해 흰쥐를 스트레스를 받지 않은 대조군 (CON), 성장 후 스트레스를 받은 군 (CONR), 출생 전 스트레스를 받은 군 (PNS), 출생 전 스트레스와 성장 후 스트레스를 모두 받은 군 (PNSR)으로 구분하였다. 별아교세포는 GFAP 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 확인하였으며, methylene blue/azure II로 대조 염색하였다. Neurolucida 프로그램을 이용하여 계측한 별아교세포의 세포체는 일부 편도복합체 신경핵에서 출생 전 스트레스를 받은 PNS군이 대조군에 비하여 면적이 증가하였으며, 이런 경향은 출생 전 스트레스를 받고 다시 성장 후 스트레스를 받은 PNSR군에서 더욱 증가하였다. 따라서 흰쥐의 편도복합체에 분포하는 별아교세포는 스트레스에 영향을 받아 비대해지는 경향을 보인 것으로 나타났으며, 출생 전 스트레스가 성장 후에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.883-890
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• 1999

Long term patency of arterial graft has been better than venous graft and redo coronary artery bypass grafting has been increasing, therefore, there has been an increasing need for alternative arterial grafts except internal thoracic artery(ITA). Material and Method: Right gastroepiploic arteries(RGEA) were harvested from 100 patients who had received gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. ITAs were obtained from 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The length of RGEA was measured from the pyloric ring. Items of the morphometric and histologic study at the pyloric ring and sites of the 10cm and 20cm RGEA from the pyloric ring were luminal diameter, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness index, medial thickness index, and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina. Similar items were applied to the proximal site of ITAs. Result: The length of RGEA was 23${\pm}$2.7cm(range 17∼31cm). Comparing the 20cm RGEA with ITA, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, and degree of intimal hyperplasia did not show any difference(p>0.05). However, 20cm RGEA was greater than ITA at the luminal diameter, intimal thickness index, and the number thickness and wall thickness in each site of the RGEA(pyloric ring, 10cm, 20cm) decreased from the pyloric ring to the distal sites(p<0.05). The degree of intimal hyperplasia and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina did not show any difference between the pyloric ring and 10cm, however, those of 20cm were smaller than these sites(p<0.05). RGEA had more number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina and rich smooth muscle cells in the media than ITA. Conclusion: The length and diameter of RGEA is good enough to reach most of the coronary arteries. Moreover, long term patency of RGEA may be improved, if anastomosed in the distal site.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-54
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• 1992

To understand the structural changes of the myocardial myocytes and endothelial cells in ischemic and reperfused heart, and to elucidate their roles in those conditions, the authors observed cat and rat myocardium ultrastructurally and evaluated them with morphometric techniques. In cat, mild ischemia and moderate degree reperfusion injury was induced by ligation of the anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery and reperfusion. In rat, severe ischemia and irreversible reperfusion iniury was made using in vitro Langendorff techniques. In normal cat myocytes, the volume densities of cytoplasm, myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules were $0.11{\pm}0.013,\;0.51{\pm}0.096,\;0.25{\pm}0.082,\;0.09{\pm}0.008,\;0.02{\pm}0.010$ (Mean${\pm}$S.D.) respectively, and the myofibril/mitochondria ratio was $2.33{\pm}1.379$. The numerical density and average volume of mitochondria were $0.76{\pm}0.210/{\mu}m^3$ and $0.33{\pm}0.057{\mu}m^3$ respectively. In normal cat endothelial cells, the volume densities of cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vesicles, tubular systems (including endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus) and mitochondria were $0.43{\pm}0.023,\;0.28{\pm}0.007,\;0.22{\pm}0.021,\;0.03{\pm}0.014$ respectively. The mean thickness of endothelial cells was $230{\pm}45.2{\mu}m$. The numerical density and average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles were $508{\pm}55.0/{\mu}m^3,\;578{\pm}104.8nm^3$ respectively. In cat myocytes which received mild ischemic injury, the volume densities of organelles were not changed significantly in ischemic and reperfusion states. In reperfusion group myocytes, the numerical density of mitochondria was decreased significantly and the average volume was increased significantly. In endothelial cells, the volume density of tubular system in ischemic group and the average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles in reperfusion group were increased significantly. In rat myocytes which received severe ischemic injury, the volume density and average volume of mitochondria were increased significantly, and the volume density of sarcoplasmic reticulum and numerical density of mitochondria were decreased significantly in both ischemic and reperfusion groups. In ischemic and reperfused endothelial cells, the volume density and numerical density of cytoplasmic vesicles, the volume density of cytoplasm were decreased significantly. The volume densities of tubular system were increased significantly in both ischemic and reperfused groups. The volume density of mitochondria in ischemic group and the average volume of cytoplasmic vesicles in reperfusion group showed significant increase. The authors, based on the above observations, conclude that the mitochondria of myocytes and the cytoplasmic vesicles of endothelia are the first group of targets in ischemic and reperfusion injury and in this respect, the degree of ischemic insult is not significant. The role of myocyte mitochondria in reperfusion injury may be insignificant, but endothelial cells may contribute actively to reperfusion injury.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

신경세포 가지돌기가시의 형태를 분석하는 것은 신경세포의 기능을 이해하는데 중요하다. 가지돌기가시는 광학현미경 해상도의 한계근처에 있는 구조물로 투과전자현미경 및 공초점헌미경 등을 이용한 연구들이 보고 되고 있다. 고압전자현미경은 높은 해상도와 투과능력 덕분에 두꺼운 절편의 관찰이 용이하여 신경세포의 가지돌기가시 등을 관찰하는데 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 고압전자현미경을 이용하여 신경세포의 가지돌기가시를 효과적으로 관찰하는방법을 확인하고 기본적인 형태학적 자료를 축적하고자 하였다. 생쥐 소뇌에 위치하는 조롱박세포의 가지돌기가시를 anti-calbindin 28kD항체 및 Golfi 염색으로 표지한 후 $4{\mu}m$두께의 절편을 제작하여 impregnation방법으로 각각 처리하여 표본을 제작한 후, 초고압전자현미경으로 관찰하여 효과적인 관찰방법을 찾고, 영상분석 기법을 이용하여 가지돌기가시의 밀도와 가시의 길이를 측정하였다. 초고압전자현미경 관찰 결과, 면역조직화학법과 Golgi법 모두 조롱박세포의 가지돌기가시를 관찰할 수 있었으나 Golgi법으로 준비된 표본이 가시를 정량적으로 분석하기에 더욱 적합하였다. 명상분석 결과로는 가지돌기 가시의 평균밀도가 $24.5{\pm}3.6$개/$10{\mu}m$였고, 가시의 평균길이는 $1.12{\pm}0.22{\mu}m$였다. 본 연구를 통해서 Gogli 법으로 염색된 조롱박세포를 고압전자현미경으로 관찰할 경우, 가지돌기가시를 정량적으로 관찰할만한 만족스러운 영상을 얻을 수 있었고, 추후 경사를 주어 촬영한 두 장의 사진을 이용하여 3차원적으로 분석하면 좀 더 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이는 소뇌의 신경가소성을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권2호통권107호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 엽록소 a 농도와 저수지의 수심을 토대로 유형을 분류하고 각 유형에서의 수질특성을 평가하였다. 486개의 저수지를 대상으로 엽록소 a 농도 25 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$와 수심 7.5m를 기준으로 4가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 각 호수에서의 연평균 최대 엽록소 a 농도를 기초로 OECD와 TSI 기준에 따라 평가 시 각각 34.3%와 72.8%가 부영양상태였다. 엽록소 a 농도 25 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$를 기준으로 구분된 유형들에서 총질소 농도(2배) 보다는 총인 (4배)의 농도차이가 크게 나타났다. TN/TP비를 토대로 할 때 인이 제한 영양염으로 나타났고, 영양상태가 높은 저수지들에서 인에 대한 제한정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 엽록소 a 농도가 가장 높은 TYPE II에 포함된 저수지는 상대적으로 노후된 시설이 많고 DA/LA비가 작으며 체류시간이 길고 유역 내 논과 밭으로 이용되는 면적이 넓고 유역에서 발생하는 오염부하가 많았다. 비록 유역면적이 유역내에서의 오염물질 발생부하량과 관련된 요인으로 고려될 수 있으나 수질과의 뚜렷한 상관성이 없었다. 본 연구에서 수심이나 시설물의 노후정도와 같은 형태학적인 특성과 더불어 유역 내의 토지이용형태는 저수지의 수질을 결정하는 매우 주요한 인자로 나타났고 수질 특성을 평가함에 있어 효과적인 인자로 제시되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2011

Introduction: In the lateral window approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft, there has been considerable controversy regarding the placement of a barrier membrane over the osteotomy site. In particular, when there is no damage to the Schneiderian membrane, clinicians should decide whether to use a barrier membrane or not, considering the benefits and costs. This study presents the clinical cases to demonstrate that only repositioning the detached window can lead to satisfactory bony healing of the grafted material without using a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Materials and Methods: Five consecutive patients were treated with the same surgical procedures. After performing the antrostomy on the lateral maxillary wall using a round carbide bur and diamond bur, the bony window was detached by a gentle levering action. After confirming no perforation of the Schneiderian membrane, the grafting procedure was carried out the detached window of the lateral maxillary wall was repositioned over the grafted material without using a barrier membrane. A gross examination was carried out at the postoperative 6 month re-entry, and the the preoperative and postoperative dental computed tomography (CT) at re-entry were compared. Results: All the procedures in the 5 patients went on to uneventful healing with no complications associated with the bone graft. Satisfactory bone regeneration without the interference of fibrous tissue on the gap between the repositioned window and lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was observed in the postoperative 6 month re-entry. The CT findings at re-entry revealed the, reconstruction of the external cortical plate including repositioned bony window. In addition, the loss of the discontinuity of the lateral maxillary wall was confirmed. Conclusion: This preliminary report showed that the detached window, which was just repositioned on the grafted material, could function as a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Therefore additional morphometric and histologic studies will be needed.