• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.153-160
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• 1998

The past and present time are consistent thinking process system which composed of single concept not separated concept. It's common concept for interior designer to how to realize the thinking process system in actual present day. So this paper was focused on purpose of establishing for procedural process theory by approaching typological process system in interior design process. Interior design being composed of typological thinking process system has been headed as a critical issue to how to transplant well between the design and typological objects. Also we have to be needed to know for the process of visual expression and verbal ability to be able to extract the designer's elements from it. Through the process of visual expression and verbal ability to be able to extract the designer's elements from it. Through the process of visual transformation and analysis we have to extract concepts with united design objects. From these process it should be followed adequate adjudgment on the extracted fragments' assembly and dissociation methods through physical limitation of elements functionality and feasibility's measurements. Therefore from the morphological designed results reflected to typological concepts finished material detail and texture we should be able to take the integrated thinking process system. Lastly interior designer should be able to check whether it was best choice from the consistent design feedback process to ask whether it contains the conceptual design process and new typological objects without non-conformity between past and present days in interior space. Now we should be asked for development of practical design process to be able to realize above assumptions called "Development and Suceeding of Cultural Value System'. Additionally, we have to continue to develop for our true meaning of interior design process, not repetition of past's imitation.tion.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

A taxonomic review of the family Sillaginidae was carried out based on two species (Sillago japonica and S. parvisquamis) collected in the coastal waters of Korea from 2008 to 2009 and three species (S. parvisquamis, S. aeolus and S. sihama) kept in the museum. Sillago japonica was easily distinguished from S. parvisquamis and S. sihama by lateral line scales (70~73 in S. japonica vs. 77~81 in S. parvisquamis vs. 67~70 in S. sihama) and scales above lateral line (3~4 vs. 7 vs. 5~6, respectively). Sillago aeolus differed from the other three species in having dark brown blotches on the side of body. We newly found morphological differences in some measurements (snout length, pectoral fin length and $2^{nd}$ anal spine length) and the number of vertebrae between Korean and Japanese S. parvisquamis, suggesting the two may be different populations. Although four sillaginid species are known from Korea, only two species (S. japonica and S. parvisquamis) were found in this study; accordingly, the distribution of the remaining two species (S. sihama and S. aeolus) may be restricted to subtropical waters.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2010

To improve the antifouling characteristics of polypropylene hollow fiber microporous membranes in a submerged membrane-bioreactor for wastewater treatment, the surface-modification was conducted by Ar plasma treatment. Surface hydrophilicity was assessed by water contact angle measurements. The advancing and receding water contact angles reduced after the surface modification, and hysteresis between the advancing and receding water contact angles was enlarged after Ar plasma treatment due to the increased surface roughness after surface plasma treatment. After continuous operation in a submerged membrane-bioreactor for about 55 h, the flux recovery after water cleaning and the flux ratio after fouling were improved by 20.0 and 143.0%, while the reduction of flux was reduced by 28.6% for the surface modified membrane after 1 min Ar plasma treatment, compared to those of the unmodified membrane. Morphological observations showed that the mean membrane pore size after Ar plasma treatment reduced as a result of the deposition of the etched species; after it was used in the submerged membrane-bioreactor, the further decline of the mean membrane pore size was caused by the deposition of foulants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed that proteins and polysaccharide-like substances were the main foulants in the precipitate.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2015

Low molecular weight species were extracted from PC and SAN by a solvent extraction method in order to investigate the effect of low molecular weight species on interfacial tension and affinity between PC and SAN. From the analysis of molecular weight distribution by the GPC, it was confirmed that the low molecular weight species were effectively eliminated by the solvent extraction. Interfacial tension measurements and morphological observation were carried out with the PC and SAN of which the low molecular weight species were extracted. Interfacial tension was increased and the infinity was decreased for the extracted PC and SAN pair. This result implied that the low molecular weight species play a role as a compatibilizer between two polymers. Among two polymers, low molecular weight SAN contributes more in the compatibilization. Thus, it is favorable to use SAN containing a larger amount of low molecular weight species in fabrication of PC/ABS blend.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 1993

Sexual dimorphism of the matured chum salmon, Onchorhynchus keta, have been studied based on biometrical measurements and osteological characters. Male chum salmon has an elongated and hooked upper jaw and canine-like teeth on the upper and lower jaw. The ratios of snout length (SnL) and upper jaw length (UJ) to head length of male were larger than those of the female, whereas eye diameter (ED) and postorbital part of head (CK) of the male were smaller than those of the female's. The ratios of body depth, caudal peduncle depth, anal fin length and adipose fin length to the standard length (PBL) of the male were also larger than those of the female. On sexual dimolrphism was detected in number of fin rays, gill rakers and pyloric ceaca, where as number of lateral line scales and caudal vertebrae of the female was larger than those of the male. Glossohyal and vomer bones has no sexual difference. The ratio of width to length of supraethmoid bone of the male was larger than that of the female. The ratio of frontal part to posterior part of parasphenoid bone of the male was smaller than that of the female.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

We have studied the lamella-level morphology of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) blends using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Measurements were made as a function of the holding time in the melt. We determined the morphological parameters at the lamellar level by correlation function analysis of the SAXS data. An increased amorphous layer thickness was identified in the blend, indicating that some PC was incorporated into the interlamellar regions of PET during crystallization. The blend also exhibits a larger lamella crystalline thickness (l$\sub$c/) than that of pure PET. A possible reason for the increase in l$\sub$c/ is that the inclusion of the PC molecules in the interlamellar regions causes an increase in the surface free energy of folding. At the early stage of isothermal crystallization, we observed a rapid drop in the value of l$\sub$c/ in the blend; this finding indicates that a relatively large fraction of secondary crystals form during the primary crystallization. In contrast, the value of l$\sub$c/ for the sample that underwent a prolonged holding time increased with time in the secondary crystallization-dominant regime; this observation suggests that the disruption of chain periodicity, which results from transesterification between the two polymers, favors the development of fringed micellar crystals that have larger values of l$\sub$c/ rather than the development of normal chain-folded crystals.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2000

Carapace width (CW) of main size class of the snow crab was 70~90 mm for females and 80~100 mm for males. The CW holds a stronger relation with body weight than that of carapace length (CL). The number of eggs attached to the pleopods was in the range of 35,000 and 114,000 eggs in crabs with 65 and 88 mm CW, respectively). The logistic maturity curve on morphometric measurements and gonad examination, defined by the presence of egg brooding in wide abdomen of the female and spermatophores inside the vasa deferentia of the male indicated that 50 % of crabs attained gonadal maturity at 54.2 mm and 58.8 mm CW for females and males, respectively. In the relationship between CW and body weight, a sharp break at 53~55 mm CW indicates that morphological changes associated with maturity have occurred.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1425_1426
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• 2009

In this study, commercially available polyethylene terephthalate(PET), which is widely used as a substrate of flexible electronic devices, was modified by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) method in an air condition at atmospheric pressure, and aluminium - doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) transparent conducting film was deposited on PET substrate by r. f. magnetron sputtering method. Surface analysis and characterization of the plasma-treated PET substrate was carried out using contact angle measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Especially the effect of surface state of PET substrate on some important properties of ZnO:Al transparent conducting film such as electrical and morphological properties and deposition rate of the film, was studied experimentally. The results showed that the contact angle of water on PET film was reduced significantly from $62^{\circ}$ to $43^{\circ}$ by DBD surface treatment at 20 min. of treatment time. The plasma treatment also improved the deposition rate and electrical properties. The deposition rate was increased almost linearly with surface treatment time. The lowest electrical resistivity as low as $4.97{\times}10^{-3}[\Omega-cm]$ and the highest deposition rate of 234[${\AA}m$/min] were obtained in ZnO:Al film with surface treatment time of 5min. and 20min., respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

Glycyrrhizae Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (GRAS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix water-extracted solution (GRWS) were prepared and tested for organ toxicities, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory effects. The organ-toxicity of GRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of GRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP-s were decreased with GRAS. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of GRAS at 1.5g/ml and 3g/ml resulted in more than 80% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7, and HeLa cells. Toxicity of GRAS to A549 revealed that 68% inhibition of growth. GRWS at the concentration of 3g/ml showed more than 80% inhibition of growth with EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells with GRAS. Administration of GRAS inhibited the growth of EATC in vivo. Mice given EATC at 1.5g/ml or 0.3g/ml GRAS had 16.7% to 50% survival after 21 days. GRAS increased the proliferation of T and B cells and the cytolytic activity of purified T cell. The biosyntheses of nucleic acid and protein of EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells were inhibited by GRAS.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

During austral summer 1998 we examined the impacts of artificial UV-B and solar radiation on chlorophyll a content and fresh weight of four species of Antarctic red algae namely, Georgiella confluens, Iridaea cordata, Pantoneura plocamioides and Porphyra endiviifolium. These subject species were taken in consideration of clear demarcations of their vertical distribution and classified as shallow water group (Iridaea and Porphyra) and deep water group (Georgiella and Pantoneura). When irradiated with artificial UV-B at the irradiance of $2.0Wm^{-2}$ the shallow water inhabitants were much more resistant than the algae from deep water the fresh weight of which was reduced by 40-50% relative to control apart from loss of pigmentation. Direct solar radiation was lethal to the deep water group with a sign of complete bleaching whereas the shallow water group did not show any change in the physiological parameters. We were unable to discriminate difference in the algal sensitivity between UV-filtered and UV-transparent treatments since samples tested were either all unaffected or dead. Spectrophotometric measurements of methanolic extracts revealed a strong absorption peak in the UV range in the shallow water group of algae, Iridaea and Porphyra, but not in the deep water counterparts. Species difference in sensitivity to artificial UV-B and solar radiation is discussed in relation to biochemical and morphological characteristics and the role of the radiation in the algal vertical distribution is suggested from ecological perspective.