• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 1998

Root and shoot development of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different genetic backgrounds was studied with reference to their relative growth. Tongil type (indica-japonica hybrid) cultivar 'Kuemkangbyeo' and japonica cultivar 'Koshihikari' were grown in $5000^{-1}$ a Wagnar pots under flooded condition. Three plants with roots of both cultivars were taken in every phyllochron through the heading stage to record morphological characteristics of shoot and root system. Compared to Koshihikari, Kuemkangbyeo produced more tillers and had greater shoot weight and leaf area per hill. Length and weight of the root system in both cultivars increased exponentially with time. At the same time, root system development was significantly faster in Kuemkangbyeo than in Koshihikari after the panicle initiation stage. As a result, Kuemkangbyeo has a vigorous root system which consists of larger number of nodal roots compared to Koshihikari. Also, the root length and weight per unit leaf area of Kuemkangbyeo were larger than those of Koshihikari in the later half of growing period, which suggests possible higher physiological activity of the root system of Kuemkangbyeo which is known as a high-yielding cultivar. The relationship between root traits (crown root number, total root length, and root dry weight) and shoot traits (leaf area and leaf+culm dry weight) in both cultivars closely showed allometry until the flag leaf stage.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2008

A total of 2,765 accessions were used as the initial set having both seed coat color and 100-seed weight data. As a result of molecular profiling using six SSR markers followed by stratification based on their usages, 335 accessions(12.1%) were selected by clustering based on UPGMA. Since 75 out of 335 accessions were mixed in phenotypic traits as a result of characterization, 260 accessions were finally set as a core set. This core set revealed nearly the same diversity compared with the other results on morphological traits of Korean soybean landraces. In total, 115 alleles(19.2 alleles per locus) were detected in the initial set and 79 alleles(13.2 alleles per locus) were detected in the core set. All 30 major alleles were present in the initial set and in the core set as well. In allele coverage, the core set was 71.4% of the initial set. These comparisons of number of alleles, gene diversity and coverage indicated that the core set represented the entire set well.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2020

Mulberry (Morus spp. family: Moraceae) has prime importance in the sericulture industry, and its foliage is the only natural feed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Traditional classification methods using morphological traits were largely unsuccessful in assessing the diversity and relationships among different mulberry species because of environmental influences on the traits of interest. For these reasons, it is difficult to differentiate between the varieties and cultivars of Morus spp. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 48 mulberry samples genotyped using nine ISSR primers. The ISSR markers exhibited polymorphisms (53.2%) among mulberry genotypes. Furthermore, similarity coefficient estimated for these ISSR markers was found to vary between 0.67 and 0.99 for the combined pooled data. The phenogram drawn using the UPGMA cluster method based on combined pooled data of the ISSR markers divided the 48 mulberry genotypes into seven major groups. No genetic association was found in the collection area, and there was a mixed pattern between the mulberry lines. The hybridization between different mulberry species is highly likely to be homogenized due to natural hybridization.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제86권2호
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 1997

희귀수종인 모감주나무(Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) 6개 자생 집단에 대해서 잎의 형태적 특성 및 식생개황을 조사하였으며, 동위효소 분석에 의한 유전변이를 조사하였다. Nested design에 의한 분산분석 결과 8가지 잎의 형태적 특성 모두에서 집단간 및 집단내 개체간에 고도의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며, 대부분 형질의 경우 총 분산 가운데 집단간 차지하는 비율이 집단내 개체가 차지하는 비율보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 식생분석 결과 각 집단별로 출현한 수종 수는 많지 않았으며, 대부분 집단이 인위적 교란을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 수종, 특히 지리적으로 광범위하게 분포하는 수종들과 비교할 때 유전변이는 매우 적고(A/L= 1.1, P=9.5%, $H_o=0.021$, $H_e=0.035$) 집단간 분화($F_{ST}=0.114$)는 다소 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 유전적 부동 및 근친교배의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 마지막으로 모감주나무 집단의 유전적 다양성을 보전하기 위한 방법에 대해서 논의하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.679-689
• /
• 2016

Lettuce is an important annual leafy vegetable and bitterness is its potent flavor character. Lettuce germplasm differ their phenotypic characters and sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) contents which are important for consumer's acceptance. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic characters and SLs contents in one hundred lettuce germplasm in Jeonju, Korea. Twenty-three agro-morphological (16 qualitative and 7 quantitative) traits and two SLs (lactucin and lactucopicrin) contents were studied in these germplasm. Germplasm exhibited the variation in qualitative and quantitative characters. Average plant weight was 423.9 g with a range from 116.0 to 905.0 g. Lactucin content was varied from 19.7 (IT 294226) to $194.4{\mu}g/g$ (IT 294298) with an average concentration of $84.7{\mu}g/g$. Lactucopicrin ranged from 82.5 (IT 300134) to $2228.6{\mu}g/g$ (IT 294210) with an average concentration of $586.3{\mu}g/g$. Total SLs content was ranged from 120.1 (IT 300134) to 2286.6 (IT 294210)${\mu}g/g$ with the average concentration of $671.0{\mu}g/g$. Significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) differences were found between crisp head and butter head germplasm for lactucin, lactucopicrin and total SLs content. Crisp head germplasm revealed the highest average lactucin ($112.9{\mu}g/g$), lactucopicrin ($734.8{\mu}g/g$) and total SLs content ($847.7{\mu}g/g$). Crisp head and leafy type germplasm exhibited more total SLs content (847.7 and $744.7{\mu}g/g$, respectively) than cos ($524.9{\mu}g/g$) and butter head type ($519.4{\mu}g/g$). Principal component analyses of the quantitative traits indicated that the first principal component axis accounted more than 91% of the total variation. This study revealed the ample genetic variation in the agro-morphological traits and SLs contents to support the selection for improved lettuce varieties.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1986

파종기를 달리하였을 때 보리의 주요생태 및 수량구성형질에 대한 지역간 변이를 검토하기 위하여 올보리를 공시품종으로 1982~84 3개년 동안 수원, 대전 및 진주에서 시험을 수행한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출아일수의 년차간 변이는 적기내 파종에서는1~5일인데 비하여 적기 이후는 7~14일로 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 변이폭이 컸는데 대체로 일평균 온도가 15$^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 7일이면 출아하였다. 2. 최고분얼기는 파종기에 따라 차이가 커서 조파의 경우 3월 20일 인데 비하여 만기파종은 5월 1일 경에 왔으며 유효분얼한계기는 파종후 대전은 104~144일, 진주 135-142일 이었고, 유효경비율은 지역 및 파종기에 따라 37~77%로 남부지역일수록 높았다. 3. 유수는 초기에는 완만한 신장을 하다가 영화분화이후는 지역에 따라 1.05~l.95mm일의 빠른 속도로 신장을 하였으며, 절간의 신장시기는 대전에 비하여 수원은 5~7일이 늦은 반면 진주는 6일 정도가 빨랐다. 4. 수량구성요소중 지역간에는 일수입수만이 유의성을 보였으나 파종기에 따라서는 모든 요소가 유의성을 나타내어 지역간 차이보다도 파종기가 더 크게 지배하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 5. 수량은 지역간에는 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 지역별 파종기에 따른 감소율은 북부지역에서 컸다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 1978

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 소나무천연집단(天然集團)의 유전변이(遺傳變異)를 분석(分析)하는데 목적(目的)이 있다. 1974년도(年度)의 선발(選拔)에 이어서 1975년도(年度)에 3개(個)소나무천연집단(天然集團) 각각(各各)으로부터 20주(株)씩의 개체(個體)가 선발(選拔)되고 또 그들의 풍매종자(風媒種子)가 채취(採取)되었으며 그 집단(集團)들의 소재지역(所在地域)과 상태(狀態)는 표(表) 1, 2 및 그림 1에 기술(記述)되어 있다. 그 집단(集團)들의 몇몇 형태학적특징(形態學的特徵)들은 이미 보고(報告)된 논문(論文)(II)에 상술(詳述)되어 있으며 거기에서는 명주(溟洲) 및 울진집단(蔚珍集團)이 수원집단(水原集團)에 비(比)해 직관적(直觀的)으로 보아 우량(優良)한 것으로 판단 되었다. 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 앞서 발표(發表)된 논문(論文)(III)의 방법(方法)에 따라서 구과(毬果), 종자(種子), 종자익(種子翼)의 형태학적(形態學的)인 특성(特性)과 아울러 묘목(苗木)의 성장(成長) 및 그 침엽(針葉)의 특성(特性)이 조사(調査)되었으며 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 각집단(各集團)에서 가장 가까운 측후소(測候所)에서 측정(測定)된 30년(年) (1931~1960)간(間)의 기록(記錄)을 평균(平均)해서 얻어진 기상자료(氣象資料)는 그림 2, 3, 4에 보인다. 조사(調査)된 기후조건(氣候條件)은 대체로 지역간(地域間)에 유사(類似)하지만 수원지역(水原地域)의 여름철 강우량(降雨量)과 겨울철 기온(氣溫)이 타지역(他地域)과 크게 달랐다. 2. 구과(毬果)의 생중량(生重量), 길이, 직경(直徑), 형상비(形狀比)의 측정치(測定値)는 표(表) 7에 기재(記載)되어 있으며 구과직경(毬果直徑)을 제외(除外)한 다른 모든 조사(調査)된 특성(特性)은 집단간(集團間), 집단내가계간(集團內家系間)에 유의(有意)한 통계적차이(統計的差異)가 인정(認定)되었다. 3. 종자(種子)와 종자익(種子翼)의 형태학적특성(形態學的特性)은 표(表) 8, 9에 상술(詳述)되었으며 종자(種子)와 종자익(種子翼)의 길이 및 형상비(形狀比) 그리고 종자중량(種子重量)에서는 집단간(集團間), 집단내가계간(集團內家系間)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지만 다른 특성(特性)에서는 집단간(集團間)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 구과(毬果)와 종자(種子) 특성간(特性間)의 상관계수(相關係數)의 값은 표(表) 10에 주어져 있으며 비교(比較)된 특성(特性)의 대부분(大部分)에서 정(正)의 상관계수(相關係數)가 인정(認定)되었다. 4. 차대(次代)의 1-0묘(苗)와 1-1묘(苗)의 묘고성장(苗高成長)에서 집단간(集團間), 집단내가계간(集團內家系間) 통계적(統計的)인 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었지만 근원경(根元徑)에서는 집단내(集團內) 가계간(家系間)에만 그 차(差)가 인정(認定)되었다. 표(表)13에 보인바와 같이 묘목(苗木)의 성장(成長)과 종자(種子)의 특성간(特性間)에는 대부분 상관(相關)이 통계학적(統計學的)으로 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 5. 3개집단(個集團)의 각가계별(各家系別)로 묘목(苗木)에 있어서 침엽양면(針葉兩面)의 기공열수(氣孔列數)와 거치밀도(鋸齒密度)가 측정(測定)되었으며 표(表)14에 보이는 것처럼 거치밀도(鋸齒密度)에서는 집단간(集團間), 집단내가계간(集團內家系間)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었지만 기공별(氣孔別)에서는 집단간(集團間) 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 그 결과(結果)는 논문(論文)(III)의 것과 다르며 그 원인(原因)의 하나는 선발(選拔)된 집단(集團)의 다양성(多樣性) 때문인 것으로도 생각된다. 차대(次代)와 모수(母樹)와의 침엽형질(針葉形質)에서의 상관(相關)은 표(表)15에 보이는 바와 같이 대체로 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.254-267
• /
• 2018

The phenotypic traits of 63 Asian plum varieties were investigated for three years to select those with superior qualities for breeding. Eight morphological characteristics of the flowers and fruits (e.g., stigma position, fruit skin, and flesh color) were evaluated. Phenological characteristics (e.g., blooming time and ripening time) were also monitored. Being useful traits for breeding, fruit quality factors (e.g., fruit weight, skin color, flesh color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity) were evaluated as well. The majority of the fruits were cordate (36%) and circular (23%) in shape. Approximately 78% of the varieties showed a red skin color, whereas 67% had yellowish fruit flesh. Fruit ripening occurred from June 28th to September 5th, spanning 69 days. The average fruit weight and soluble solids content were 77.2 g and $12.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Regarding correlations among the characteristics, the most significant correlation coefficients were for the ripening time and fruit size parameters. Such information of Asian plum varieties will be useful for future breeding programs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 2018

Background: The study was carried out to assess the genetic variability present in ashwagandha and to examine the nature of associations of various traits to the root yield of the plant. Methods: Fifty-three diverse genetic stocks of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) were evaluated for 14 quantitative characteristics. Analysis of variance, correlation, and path coefficient analysis were performed using the mean data of 2 years. Results: Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes differed significantly for all characteristics studied. High heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance was observed for fresh root weight, 12 deoxywithastramonolide in roots, and plant height, which indicated that selection could be effective for these traits. Dry root weight has a tight linkage with plant height and fresh root weight. Further, in path coefficient analysis, fresh root weight, total alkaloid (%) in leaves, and 12 deoxywithastramonolide (%) in roots had the highest positive direct effect on dry root weight. Conclusion: Therefore, these characteristics can be exploited to improve dry root weight in ashwagandha genotypes and there is also scope for the selection of promising and specific chemotypes (based on the alkaloid content) from the present germplasm.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2004

The response of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations caused significant change in root number, root length, coleoptile length, shoot length and leaf age of seedlings. The genotypic difference in the effect of DO also highly significant (P<0.01) for all of the seedling traits. The number and length of root were extremely inhibited at the condition of $0.39\pm0.09$ DO concentration. While the coleoptile elongated markedly in the lowest DO concentrations, the shoot did not develop. The root growth was improved slightly at the $1.39\pm0.27mg L^{-1}$, however, there were no difference among genotypes at these two low DO concentrations. As the DO concentration become higher, the growth of root and shoot was improved remarkably. Root number, root length and shoot length was significantly different between $20\;and\;30^{\circ}C$ in DO rich and normal conditions, the development of those traits were apparently accelerated in high water temperature, however those traits of seedlings in DO deficiency were not different between the two temperatures except for shoot length. On the other hand the coleoptile length was not affected by the stagnant water temperature; it was stimulated by the low DO concentration. The competition of DO was greater as the seedling density was increased in the stagnant water, therefore the seedlings grown under high density have long and white coleoptiles, and the growth of roots and shoots was retarded severely.