• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 1979

In order to study the morphologic changes of the unfixed odontoblasts suspended in phenol solution of several different concentrations, the author carried out the extraction of lower incisor of S-D strain rats to collect the odontoblasts, and the cells obtained were suspended immediately in saline solution. After observing the odontoblasts in fresh state, the saline solution was substituted with 0.125%, 0.25% 0.5%, 1% and 2% diluted phenol solutions. The morphologic changes were examined with phase contrast microscope at intervals of 10, 30, and 60 minutes. The results were as follows: 1. In saline solution the odontoblast showed cytoplasmic swelling, slender cytoplasmic process, thick rim nuclear membrane with increased dark contrast, and prominent nucleoli and chromatin granules with lapse of time intervals. In accordance with time intervals, blisters appeared in the supranuclear zone and increased its size and moved outward of the cytoplasmic membrane resulting detachment from the cell membrane. The phase dark cytoplasmic granules were increased in its dark contrast and in its size. 2. In 0.125% and 0.25% phenol solution, the odontoblasts and its nucleus shrunk immeidately and its contrast of cellular components was increased. With the lapse of time, the phase-dark granules in cytoplasm were aggregated, and several blisters were formed in and out of the cells. The outline of cytoplasmic membrane was also obscured. 3. In 0.5% phenol solution, the necleus shrunk at once, but soon after it revealed karyolysis accompanying dark contrast of neclear components such as nuclear membrane, nucleoli, and chromatin granules. On the contrary, the cytoplasmic granules showed aggregation and increased dark contrast, small and large blisters were formed in and out of the odontblasts and the outline of cytoplasmic membrane became obscured. 4. In 1% phenol solution, it showed shrinkage of odontblasts and its nuclei with thick rim nuclear membrane, aggregation of chromatin granules and occasional karyorrhexis. The dark contrast of cytoplasmic granules was increased and aggregated each other. But the blister formation could not be found. 5. In 2% phenol solution, it showed the shrinkage of odontoblasts and pyknotic nuclei with increased dark contrast of nucleoli and chromatin granules. The number of cytoplasmic granules was decreased by aggregation. But the blister formation could not be found as in 1% phenol solution.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2006

Two herbal medicines of the Polygonatum genus, namely Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, are difficult to distinguish from each other through exterior morphologic aspects. Furthermore, because the standard components for physiochemical distinction have not yet been standardized, the identification of these medicines through botanic taxology is based on genetic methods of random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP). For the RAMP evaluation, we used five sets of UBC microsatellite primers 811, 818, 834, 836, 842 and random primer M1. Although no specific band that could clearly distinguish Polygonati Rhizoma from Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma was found, 11 Polygonatum plants could be divided into two groups by this method. P. sibiricum and P. stenophyllum were classified to group I and the others were to group II. As P. sibiricum and P. stenophyllum were very similar in genetic and morphologic perspective, the results suggest that P. stenophyllum belongs to the Polygonati Rhizoma family.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the enamel thickness of proximal surfaces and the morphologic features of mandibular incisors. Methods: Mesiodistal/faciolingual (MD/FL) index, MD width, and height of contour width/cervical width ratio were measured in 40 incisors extracted from Koreans. For determining the height of contour width/cervical width ratio, the cervical width was measured as the distance between proximal cementoenamel junctions. Then, the labial surface was ground to the height of the contour level to measure enamel thickness. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between enamel thickness and morphologic features. Results: Enamel thickness was $0.75{\pm}0.07mm$ per side, and MD width was $5.56{\pm}0.40mm$. Enamel thickness and MD width were significantly correlated. However, a significant relationship was not observed between enamel thickness and MD/FL index or the height of contour width/cervical width ratio. Conclusions: The results suggest that enamel thickness is affected only by MD width. Therefore, if the MD width is the same for mandibular incisors with a large MD/FL index or triangular shape and mandibular incisors with normal shape, then the limit of enamel reduction for reproximation will be the same.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 1999

The facial esthetics are much affected by nasal changes due to especially its central position in relation to facial outline and so appropriately evaluated should be the functional and esthetic aspects of the nose associated with the facial appearance. Generally, a maxillary surgical movement is known to induce the changes of nasolabial morphology secondary to the skeletal repositioning accompanied by muscular retraction. These changes can be desirable or undesirable to individuals according to the direction and amount of maxillary repositioning. We investigated the surgical changes of bony maxilla and its effects to nasal morphology through the analysis of the lateral cephalogram in the Le Fort I osteotomy. Subjects were 10 patients(male 2, female 8, mean age 22.3 years) and cephalograms were obtained 2 weeks before surgery(T1) and 6 months after surgery(T2). The surgical maxillary movement was identified through the horizontal and vertical repositioning of point A. Soft-tissue analysis of the nasal profile was performed employing two angles: nasal tip projection(NTP), columellar angle(CA). Also, alar base width(ABW) was assessed directly on the patients with a slide gauge. The results were as follows; 1. Both anterior and superior movement above 2mm of maxilla rotated up nasal tip above 1mm. Either anterior or superior movement above 2mm of maxilla made prediction of the amount & direction of NTP changes difficult. Especially, a correlation between horizontal movement of maxilla and NTP rotated-up was P<0.01. 2. Both much highly anterior and superior movement of maxilla is accompanied by more CA increase than either highly. Especially, the correlation between horizontal movement of maxilla and CA change was P<0.05. 3. Anterior and/or superior movement of maxilla was accompanied by the unpredictable ABW widening. 4. The amount of changes of NTP, CA, and ABW is not in direct proportion to amout of anterior and/or superior movement of maxilla. 5. Nasal morphologic changes following Le Fort I osteotomy are affacted by not merely bony repositioning but other multiple factors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.495-504
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• 2004

Background : Bronchial anthracofibrosis is one of the main manifestations of lung disease that is related to woodsmoke inhalation, and it is frequently associated with various pulmonary diseases, such as tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of bronchial anthracofibrosis in patients with endobronchial tuberculosis. Methods : 63 patients, who were diagnosed with endobronchial tuberculosis using bronchoscopy, were included in this study. The patients consisted of 12 males and 51 females, having mean age of 59.5 years. The clinical features, radiologic and bronchoscopic findings between the patients with (37) and without (26) bronchial anthracofibrosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results : When the patients were older, bronchial anthracofibrosis was more frequent. The endobronchial tuberculosis, which was located at the right middle lobal bronchus, was more frequent in the patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis than in the patients without bronchial anthracofibrosis. In the morphologic types of endobronchial tuberculosis, patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis had more edematous-hyperemic and ulcerative types, while patients without bronchial anthracofibrosis had more active caseating. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the presence of bronchial anthracofibrosis can possibly influence the locations and morphologic types of endobronchial tuberculosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigates morphologic change of the rectosigmoid colon using a belly board in prone position and distended bladder in patients with rectal cancer. We evaluate the possibility of excluding the proximal margin of anastomosis from the radiation field by straightening the rectosigmoid colon. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients who received preoperative radiotherapy between 2006 and 2009 underwent simulation in a prone position (group A). These patients were compared to 19 patients treated using a belly board in prone position and a distended bladder protocol (group B). Rectosigmoid colon in the pelvic cavity was delineated on planning computed tomography (CT) images. A total dose of 45 Gy was planned for the whole pelvic field with superior margin of the sacral promontory. The volume and redundancy of rectosigmoid colon was assessed. Results: Patients in group B had straighter rectosigmoid colons than those in group A (no redundancy; group A vs. group B, 10% vs. 42%; p = 0.03). The volume of rectosigmoid colon in the radiation field was significantly larger in group A (56.7 vs. 49.1 mL; p = 0.009). In dose volume histogram analysis, the mean irradiated volume was lower in patients in group B (V45 27.2 vs. 18.2 mL; p = 0.004). In Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, the in-field volume of rectosigmoid colon was significantly correlated with the bladder volume (R = 0.86, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Use of a belly board and distended bladder protocol could contribute to exclusion of the proximal margin of anastomosis from the radiation field.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of morphologic pelvis according to age and gender. Pelvis AP(anterior-posterior) projection were taken from 382 individuals (men: 194, women: 188) at the age of twenty and older. We measured four values of pelvis using CR (computed radiological system) including maximum pelvic breadth (MPB), sacral breadth (SB), transverse diameter of pelvic inlet (TD), and distance between femoral heads (DFH). Average (t-test, ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were calculated for comparison. While there was no significant difference of gender in case of MPB, significant differences were observed in SB (men 97.76 mm, women 102.00 mm), TD (men 138.0 mm, women 149.79 mm), and DFH (men 141.94 mm, women 150.39 mm). The DFH values were negatively correlated with the age (men r=-0.280, women r=-0.207). The morphological changes of pelvis were measured high in the men of 50's and in the women of 60's and 70's. The SB, TD and DFH were greater in the women than in the man. As the ages get higher, the deviation of pelvis were gradually increased, which indicates that the morphological changes of pelvis with respect to the age reflects an aging process.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.326-333
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• 2015

A tidal sandshoal, called 'Puldeung' in the Daeijackdo Marine Protected Area(DMPA), is facing erosion due to sand mining in the nearby coastal region. To monitor the morphologic change and erosion of Puldeung, a camera monitoring system was established at the top of Song-Ee Mountain in Daeijack Island. The system consists of 2 Cannon digital cameras, Eye-fi memory card/Long-Term Evolution wireless network, and solar power supply. The acquired camera images were analyzed to obtain the area of Puldeung by the following methods: geometric correction of image, identification of shoreline, areal measurement of Puldeung and its error estimation. To compare the Puldeung area with previously measured area of 1.79 km2 at tidal height of 137 cm in 2008 and of 1.59 km2 at tidal height of 148 cm in 2010, we selected images with same tidal heights. The Puldeung area was 1.37 and 1.23 km2 at the tidal height of 137 and 148 cm, respectively. The erosion at DMPA is very severe and thus it is imperative to initiate the morphodynamical study on the seasonal variation and long-term evolution of Puldeung as well as the causes and measures of Puldeung erosion.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.98-111
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the effects of bee venom and melittin on cell death in neuroblastoma cell line. Methods : MTT assay, morphologic method, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR and Western blot were performed. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with bee venom and melittin in comparison with control. 2. Cell culture demonstrated that control group proliferated highestly at he 5th day in comparison with the 4th day in bee venom and melittin group. And in bee venom and melitti group cell proliferation decreased 2.5 times than control group. 3. The morphologic study demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell showed apoptosis after treatment with bee venom and melittin for 6 hours using microscope. 4. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of neuroblastoma cell treated with bee venom and melittin was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of $G_0/G_1$. 5 .DNA fragmenation demonstrated that neuroblastoma cell treated with bee venom and melittin showed DNA ladder below 1 Kbp. 6. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that Fos and MAPK which are related with cancer were down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin. 7. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Fos and MAPK mRNA were transcripted. Fos was down-regulated form treatment with $5{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom and MAPK was down-regulated form $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom. 8. Western blot demonstrated that Fos was down-regulated from $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom whereas MAPK was expressed by $1{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom but down-regulated by $10{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom. Conclusions : We found that some cancer related genes ware down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin. Further study is needed for investigating the anti-cancer effect of bee venom and melittin.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.291-306
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• 1995

Mandibular movement is composed of border movement and functional movement. Border movement such as maximal mouth opening, hinge opening ad lateral eccentric movement has good reproducibility, but functional movement such as chewing, swallowing and speech has also reproducibility. Especially for chewing movement, individual reproducibility has been confirmed by many studies. Study of chewing pattern is still in controversy. In new approach for raising the diagnostic value, numeric parameters and morphologic characteristics could be used for evaluation of chewing pattern. This study was performed to investigate the differences between chewing pattern in controls and in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Sixty-three patients with temporomandibular disorders participated in this study, and they were divided into unilaterally affected subjects or bilaterally affected subjects. Then unilaterally affected subjects were classified into closed lock group, disk displacement with reduction group, and degenerative joint disease group. For recording of chewing pattern, subjects were asked to chew one piece of presoftened chewing gum on both sides, and the chewing movement was recorded with the Electrognatho- Graphy(Bio-Research Associates Inc., U.S.A.). Tooth contact pattern for occlusal stability (Total left-right statistics )was also recorded with T-Scan(Tekscan Co., U.S.A.). The dta related to chewing pattern and total left-right statistics were statistically analyzed by SAS/stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In patient group, mean value of A-P distance and the ratio of A-P distance to vertical distance were larger than control group, but the value of lateral distance in affected side and the closing velocity in unaffected side were smaller than that of control group, respectively. 2. In case of unilateral affected patients, chewing pattern of other side had tendency to restricted movement and slow velocity in closed lock group or degenerative joint disease group than control group or disk displacement with reduction group. 3. In bilateral degenerative joint disease patients, contralateral side had tendency to large range of motion and slow chewing velocity than preferred chewing side. 4. The patients with restricted mouth opening below than 35mm had higher value of total left-right statistics than patient group mouth opening above 35mm. Also closed lock group had higher total left-right statistics than disk displacement with reduction group, degenerative joint disease group and control group. 5. There was some difference in morphologic characteristics of chewing pattern between in control group and in affected side of unilateral patient group, but no difference between control group and unaffected side of unilateral patient group. 6. There were positive correlations between vertical distance and A-P distance, between vertical distance and chewing velocity, between A-P distance and chewing velocity, and between opening velocity and closing velocity in unilateral affected patients.