• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 1996

The profile and concentration of monoterpene metabolites in the leaf and stem of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis were quantified, and seasonal variation in monoterpenes of Artemisia plant was investigated. Samples were taken from five sites at the campus of Kyungnam University during maturing season. Monoterpenes in leaf and stem were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of A. princeps var. orientalis in both the leaf and stem were 21 monoterpenes.$ {\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene,\;{\beta}-myrcene$, dl-limonene, naphthalene and unknown monoterpenes with 5.49 and 16.27 of retenstion time were present in high concentrations of compounds identified on the leaf and stem of A. princeps var. orientalis. The cmounts of total monoterpenes of leaf were from two to five times higher than stem and rapidly decreased with the time, while that of stem was constnat except early spring. Most of the high percentage of monoterpenes in the leaf were those with later retention time. These results indicated that monoterpenes yields are considered to be more variable than monoterpene composition in responding to the time in both the leaf and stem.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1998

The composition and concentration of monoterpenes in the leaves of Artemisia japonica were determined. And seasonal variation in monoterpenes of A. japonica were investigated. Samples were taken from five sites at Mt. Muhak. Monoterpenes in the leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The leaf monoterpene fractions were dominated by R.T. 5.026, ${\alpha}-thujene$, sabinene, ${\beta}-pinene$, cyclohexane (R.T.=12.859) and R.T. 23.149. There were marked seasonal differences in concentration and composition of leaf monoterpenes. There were many kinds of monoterpenes in leaf of spring time, however most of monoterpenes concentration was small. On the other hand, there were not many kinds of monoterpenes in late time, but monoterpene concentrations were increased.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.397-403
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• 1997

The monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are analysed in the leaf and stem of Chrysanthemum boreale using gas chromaltography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total amount of sesquiterpenes are always higher than monoterpenes in both leaf (2.0-3.4 times) and stem (1.6-8.3 times). The mono- and sesquiterpenes yields of the leaf are higher than the stem. There was no significant difference among the leaf developmental stages, while those of stem were varied. Seventeen monoterpenes and 9 sesquiterpenes compound in this plants comprised more than 5% of the mean total monoterpenes and the total sesquiterpenes in each dates. Among leaf monoterpenes, the concentration of (+)-Limonene and unknown compound no. 13 (Retention time, R.T.=17.28) varied significantly during leaf growing season, and the concentrafion of unknown compound no. 7 (R.T.=35.04) and no. 9(R.T.=35.71) varied in the leaf sesquiterpenes. Similarly the results from the leaf, the concentration of five monoterpenes in stem also varied significantly during maturing period, and much varied in seven compounds of stem sesquiterpene. The major sesquiterpenes of leaf and stem were ${\alpha}-Humulene$ and compound no. 2(R.T.=26.19).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 1999

The plastochron index (PI) according to leaf development of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were estimated. The amount and composition of monoterpenes in the leaves of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior were determined, and the seasonal monoterpene variations in representative of plastochron index were investigated. The total amount of monoterpenes in A. artemisiifolia var. elatior was increased continuously from PI 2.0, the highest amount was in PI 11.89. The major monoterpenes in A. artemisiifolia var. elatior consisted of 29 compounds. The leaf monoterpene fraction of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior were dominated by No.2, octene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, 1,3,6-octatrine, endo-borneol and (-)-bornyl acetate.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.312-314
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• 1988

Thirteen monoterpenes were examined for their effects on the bovine lens aldose reductase activity. the monoterpenes tested in this study showed mild inhibitory effects except 3-carene which did not show any significant effect. At the concentration of $10^{-3}$ M(+) Pulegon showed 42% inhibition on lens aldose reductase activity, which is the most otent effect among the tested substance.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to investigate the anticancer activity of monoterepenes in the animal and the cancer cell line tests. Both of the noncyclic and cyclic monoterpenes showed significant life prolonging effects on ICR mouse with abdominal cancer induced by Sarcoma 180 cells up to 67.4％ and 63.5％ in case of linalool and geraniol, respectively. Linalool and geraniol also exhibited very excellent cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemic cells with $IC_{50}$/ value of 0.32 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι in 5 days culture condition. In the presence of linalool and geraniol, the generation of $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ ion were found to be increased proportionally to the cytotoxicity arisen from these monoterpenes. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) responsible for the conversion of $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ ion to $H_2O$$_2$ and then to $H_2O$ augmented remarkably by linalool and geraniol. All data put together it can be postulated that monoterpenes may kill abdominal cancer cells of ICR mouse probably by activating anticancer system of the body, whereas the death of L1210 cells may be due to the detrimental attacks of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ in spite of antioxidant enzymes activities to overcome the ROS attacks.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.279-282
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• 1995

Eight natural or semistynthesized monoterpenes were examined for their effects in rat brain monoamine oxidase(MAO) using benzylamine as substrate. Thujone and 3-carene were found to have the inhibition effects on rat brain MAQ activity, 38% and 95% inhibition at 103M respectively. The kinetic study on 3-carene, the most potent inhibitive type. But (+) pulegon and (-) isopulegon was found to activate MAO slightly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.273-275
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• 1985

Carvomethone, (+) pulegone, (-)isopulegol and (-) menthone, which are natural and widely distributed in the plantkingdom, were examined for their Lens Aldose Reductase inhibitory effects. All monoterpenes tested showed that the mild inhibitory effects. Inhibition percents of four monoterpenes were in the range of 23-42% at $10^{-3}M$ and 5-21% at $10^{-4}M$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

In this research, monoterpene emissions were investigated from pine trees(Pinus densiflora) and in the forest air in Simwon village at the Jiri Mountain. Air samples from an enclosed chamber and pine forest air were collected using a Tenax TA Tube five times a day(at 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, and 17:00) on 1 day per month from March to November 2014. Selected needles and branches from individual pine trees were enclosed for the measurement of their monoterpene emissions. The concentration and composition of emitted monoterpenes were analyzed in a time series. The major components of monoterpenes emitted from pine trees were α-pinene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, and β-pinene. Seasonal data showed that the concentration of monoterpenes emitted from pine trees began increasing in June and reached its peak in August, decreasing thereafter. In addition, seasonal emissions of monoterpenes were dependent on environmental factors such as temperature. The major species of monoterpenes in forest air were α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphene. The concentration of monoterpenes in forest air began rising from March to April and reached its peak in May; multiple peaks subsequently formed in July and November. Diurnal variation in monoterpenes decreased from 09:00-10:00, reaching a low and high at 13:00-14:00 and 17:00-18:00, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1226-1231
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• 2011

The biogenic emission of the atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the forests is dominated by monoterpenes. This study investigated the changes in the concentration of monoterpenes distributed in various types of forest near the Gangwon Nature Environment Research Park, Hongcheon, Gangwon Province, Korea. Samples were collected from the three sites of different types of forest, including coniferous, broad-leaved and mixed forests. Additionally, the seasonal and daily changes of monoterpene compounds were monitored. Our results found the several types of monoterpene such as ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, camphene, d-limonene, p-cymene and ${\alpha}$-terpinene. The highest total concentration of terpene compounds was observed in the coniferous forest. For the summer season, the total concentration of terpene compounds was highest in coniferous and mixed forests, and that was also highest in broad-leaved forest for the autumn.