• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2021

The intravenous injection monitoring system used by medical institutions was developed to remotely provide patients with the amount of intravenous injected and the termination point of the injection. In order to measure the amount of intravenous injection input, the weight or flow rate of the level going out from the inside to outside of the intravenous injection can be observed with a measuring sensor. The criteria for devices that apply herein are accuracy and vigilance. In addition, it is compact and should be easy to use when installing intravenous injection on patients. In medical institutions, the accuracy of the measured values must be high, and economically inexpensive devices are required. In this study, low-cost small-weight-centered load cell sensors were applied, and algorithms were applied to reduce the artefact by external movement by converging with gyro sensors for accuracy of measurements. As a result, it was possible to reduce the error of measurement, thereby improving the accuracy of the intravenous injection monitoring measurement value.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.547-557
• /
• 2020

This paper presents one of the demonstration projects undertaken during the FP7 EU-funded Anagennisi project (Innovative reuse of all tyre components in concrete-2014-2017) on a full-scale (30 m×40 m, thickness: 0.2 m) Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) slab-on-grade using a blend of manufactured steel fibres (MSF) and Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres (RTSF). The aim of the project was to assess the use of RTSF in everyday construction practice. The Anagennisi partners, Dulex Ltd in collaboration with Gradmont-Gradacac Ltd and University of Zagreb, designed, cast and monitored the long-term shrinkage deformations of the indoor slab-on-grade slab at Gradmont's precast concrete factory in Gradacac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. A hybrid RTSF mix (20 kg/㎥ of MSF+10 kg/㎥ of RTSF) was used to comply with the design criteria which included a maximum load capacity of 20 kN/㎡. The slab was monitored for one year using surveying equipment and visual inspection of cracks. During the monitoring period, the slab exhibited reasonable deformations (a maximum displacement of 3.3 mm for both, horizontal and vertical displacements) whilst after five years in use, the owners did not report any issues and were satisfied with the construction methodology and materials used. This work confirms that RSTF is a viable and sustainable solution for slab-on-grade applications.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2024

As using public monitoring data, analysing a trends of water quality change, establishing a criteria to determine abnormal status and constructing a regression model that can predict Chlorophyll-a, an indicator of eutrophication, was studied. Accordingly, the three freshwater lakes were selected, approximately 20 years of water quality monitoring data were analyzed for periodic changes in water quality each year using regression analysis, and a method for determining abnormalities was presented by the standard deviation at confidence level 95%. By calculating the temporal change rate of Chlorophyll-a from irregular observed data, analyzing correlations between the rate and other water quality items, and constructing regression models, a method to predict changes in Chlorophyll-a was presented. The results of this study are expected to contribute to freshwater lake water quality management as an approximate water quality prediction method using the statistical model.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2012

Objectives of the Korean Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is to evaluate environmental value used in comprehensive environmental information in order to encourage eco-friendly land use and management. The first research was conducted in 2001 to establish the evaluation items and the criteria of the ECVAM, and the first nationwide map was established in the period of 2003 to 2005. The maps are updated annually to reflect environmental changes of land. The evaluation items and the criteria have been modified based on feasibility studies to improve the accuracy of the maps. This study re-evaluated the ECVAMs from 2005 to 2010 with criteria used in current environment and analyzed the changes in the area of the maps in 6 years. This is also an investigation on the maps whether they are appropriate as an index for sustainable environmental monitoring. The result shows that the 1st grade level of the ECVAM area with the highest conservation value had been expanding since 2005. These changes were analyzed in terms of updating the 4th Forest Map (2008) produced once every 10 years, reflecting the new legal protected areas such as Baekdudaegan Protected Area(2010), and the environmental/ecological assessment items such as the National Ecological Network (2009). This mean the ECVAM are a monitoring index that integrates individual environmental indexes including the increase of forest age and diameter due to sustainable management of forest areas, and the change of conservation areas. Therefore, ECVAM can be used as a new index integrating national environmental indicators for monitoring changes of national environment and policy. In order to utilize the ECVAM, improving accuracy and reducing renewal cycle time of thematic maps are required.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 2011

This study suggests criteria to conduct a risk assessment of VOCs and formaldehyde in uncontrolled public facilities. Pollutants and facilities were selected based on two years of monitoring data and exposure scenarios in 573 uncontrolled public facilities, composed of 10 types of public institutions. With the exception of social welfare facilities, lifetime ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene in each facility were higher in employees than in users, except in social welfare facilities. In social welfare facilities, the risk of benzene for users ($1{\times}10^{-5}$) was higher than that of workers ($1{\times}10^{-6}$) because facility users live in the facility 24 hours per day, compared to workers who spend an average of 8 hours per day in the facility. The risk of benzene to workers in restaurants, academies, performance halls, internet cafe and pubs were estimated as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$ and the risk to workers in the theaters and karaoke bars were recorded as $1{\times}10^{-5}$. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded $1{\times}10^{-4}$ for workers and users in most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in these facilities is necessary. Although HQs of toluene and xylenes did not exceed 1.0, their HQs did exceed 0.1 in some facilities, so they were evaluated as potentially harmful materials. Additionally, criteria for health protection in IAQ by facility are suggested at $60-100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for formaldehyde, $400-500\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for TVOCs, $10-20\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for benzene, $150-170\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for toluene and $100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for xylenes, based on the survey on IAQ and HRA methodology. The excess rates of IAQ to health protection criteria in all facilities were 16% for formaldehyde, 8% for TVOCs and benzene, 9% for toulene, and 5% for xylenes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.44-57
• /
• 2020

A dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) traffic information system is a detection system for a section of road using communication between roadside equipment and on-board High-Pass units to collect road traffic information and provide reliable traffic information to drivers. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport announced that a DSRC system must be supported to pass the performance evaluation of an intelligent transportation system (ITS), and the performance evaluation for DSRC systems installed in expressways and national highways is started. Currently, DSRC traffic information systems are only managed for maintenance and functional-monitoring purposes, which means that detailed criteria for the operation of a DSRC traffic information system, such as communication range, the direction of the antenna, and the power of the radio wave, etc., need to be established. In this paper, the criteria of the performance evaluation of a DSRC traffic information system are presented for different road types and road environments. The proposed performance evaluation criteria included the communication range and communication power of roadside equipment. In addition, installation criteria, such as the direction of the antenna, and the height and angle of the installed system, are presented for different road types and road environments. The criteria presented were evaluated for DSRC roadside equipment and documented to improve system maintenance and quality control of the communication system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2019

In the previous study, the rainfall data of 1 hour, 6 hours and 3 days were used as the rainfall criterion according to the grade to trigger the debris flow in the highway area, using the rainfall data of Gangwon area and the rainfall time-series data at the spot where the debris flow occurred. In this study, we propose an early warning criterion of the highway debris flow triggering through appropriate combination of three rainfall criteria selected through previous studies and adjustments of rainfall criterion in the highway debris flow triggering. In addition, simulations were conducted using the time-series rainfall data of 2010~2012, which had a large amount of precipitation for the five sites where debris flows occurred in 2013. As a result of the study, the criteria for the early warning of highway unsteadiness on the highway were prepared. In case of the grade-based adjustment, it is preferable to apply the unified rating to the grade B. Also, if the fatigue of the monitoring is not a problem, adjusting it to A or S may be a way to positively cope with the occurrence of highway debris flow.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.366-375
• /
• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the radiological tumor response patterns and compare the response assessments based on immune-based therapeutics Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) and RECIST 1.1 in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) patients treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Materials and Methods: All mccRCC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors at Henan Cancer Hospital, China, between January 2018 and April 2019, were retrospectively studied. A total of 30 mccRCC patients (20 males and 10 females; mean age, 55.6 years; age range, 37-79 years) were analyzed. The target lesions were quantified on consecutive CT scans during therapy using iRECIST and RECIST 1.1. The tumor growth rate was calculated before and after therapy initiation. The response patterns were analyzed, and the differences in tumor response assessments of the two criteria were compared. The intra- and inter-observer variabilities of iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 were also analyzed. Results: The objective response rate throughout therapy was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.1-67.9) based on iRECIST and 30% (95% CI: 13.6-46.4) based on RECIST 1.1. The time-to-progression (TTP) based on iRECIST was longer than that based on RECIST 1.1 (median TTP: not reached vs. 170 days, p = 0.04). iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 were discordant in 8 cases, which were evaluated as immune-unconfirmed PD based on iRECIST and PD based on RECIST 1.1. Six patients (20%, 6/30) had pseudoprogression based on iRECIST, of which four demonstrated early pseudoprogression and two had delayed pseudoprogression. Significant differences in the tumor response assessments based on the two criteria were observed (p < 0.001). No patients demonstrated hyperprogression during the study period. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the iRECIST criteria are more capable of capturing immune-related atypical responses during immunotherapy, whereas conventional RECIST 1.1 may underestimate the benefit of PD-1 inhibitors. Pseudoprogression is not rare in mccRCC patients during PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and it may last for more than the recommended maximum of 8 weeks, indicating a limitation of the current strategy for immune response monitoring.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.177-190
• /
• 2013

Air pollution trends in Japan between 1970 and 2012 were analyzed, and the impact of air pollution countermeasures was evaluated. Concentrations of CO decreased from 1970 to 2012, and in 2012, the Japanese environmental quality standard (EQS) for CO was satisfied. Concentrations of $SO_2$ dropped markedly in the 1970s, owing to use of desulfurization technologies and low-sulfur heavy oil. Major reductions in the sulfur content of diesel fuel in the 1990s resulted in further decreases of $SO_2$ levels. In 2012, the EQS for $SO_2$ was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations. Concentrations of $NO_2$ decreased from 1970 to 1985, but increased from 1985 to 1995. After 1995, $NO_2$ concentrations decreased, especially after 2006. In 2012, the EQS for $NO_2$ was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations, except those alongside roads. The annual mean for the daily maximum concentrations of photochemical oxidants (OX) increased from 1980 to 2010, but after 2006, the $98^{th}$ percentile values of the OX concentrations decreased. In 2012, the EQS for OX was not satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations. Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations generally decreased from 1976 to 2012. In 2011, NMHC concentrations near roads and in the general environment were nearly the same. The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) generally decreased. In 2011, the EQS for SPM was satisfied at 69.2% of ambient air monitoring stations, and 72.9% of roadside air-monitoring stations. Impacts from mineral dust from continental Asia were especially pronounced in the western part of Japan in spring, and year-round variation was large. The concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ generally decreased, but the EQS for $PM_{2.5}$ is still not satisfied. The air pollution trends were closely synchronized with promulgation of regulations designed to limit pollutant emissions. Trans-boundary OX and $PM_{2.5}$ has become a big issue which contains global warming chemical species such as ozone and black carbon (so called SLCP: Short Lived Climate Pollutants). Cobeneficial reduction approach for these pollutants will be important to improve both in regional and global atmospheric environmental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: Agricultural soils are vulnerable from contamination of heavy metal derived from industrial waste. Monitoring on heavy metals on agricultural soils around industrial complexes and evaluation on distributional state on the concentrations of heavy metals in soil have been carried out for problem assessment on soil condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples of 1,200, were collected from sixty site of industrial complexes located Gyounggi, Chungbuk, Cheonbuk, and Gyoungnam provinces. Total concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As were analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations in most soil samples were below warning criteria, except 1 site of Pb, Ni, and As, separately. The comparison of mean values of heavy metal concentrations between soils around industrial complexes and paddy soils, showed similar levels of heavy metals, except Pb. The concentrations of lots of heavy metals were distributed between from warning criteria to one fifth level of warning criteria. However, in the case of Cu and Pb, more than 30% were distributed below one twenties level of warning criteria. These results were very similar with the distribution state of heavy metals in upland soils. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface soil and subsoil were similar among the heavy metals in soils around industrial complexes. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of heavy metals in soils around industrial complexes were distributed close to warning criteria. Long term and continous monitoring and evaluation on heavy metals in agricultural soils are required for food safety and sustainable soil management.