• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.419-428
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• 1999

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor members have unique structures composed of 2-4 cysteine - rich pseudorepeats in the extracellular domain. On ligation by trimeric ligand molecules, oligomerization of three receptor molecules occurs, which in turn activates the receptor and recruits intracellular signaling molecules to the cytoplasmic tail to initiate biological events. Recently, the numbers of tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand family members have been rapidly expanding. Functional characterization of the new members has indicated redundant roles with other known members as well as provided insights into novel functions. In particular, identification of soluble decoy receptors which have the ability to bind multiple ligands highlights a complex control mechanism of immune responses by these molecules. Studies of the new members have also revealed that the TNF receptor and ligand family members play an important role in other than the immune system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1234_1235
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• 2009

The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method has been one of the most suitable techniques for fabricating organic thin films with well-controlled structures, compositions and thickness at the molecular level. We investigated the surface activity of dendrimer films at air-water interface by $\pi$-A isotherm. Also, we attempted to fabricate a G3-9Ph dendritic silsequioxane LB films. And their surface morphologies were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.119.1-119.1
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• 2011

Since Gratzel et al. reported the first efficient dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) in 1991, they have attracted much attention due to their relatively high power conversion efficiency and potentially low cost production. To date, high performance and good stability of DSSC based on Ru-dyes as a photosensitizer had been widely addressed in the literatures. However, the Ru-dyes are facing the problem of manufacturing costs and environmental issues. In order to obtain even cheaper photosensitizers for DSSC, the metal-free organic photosensitizers are strongly desired. The metal-free organic dyes offer superior molar extinction coefficients, low cost, and diverse molecular structures as compared to the conventional Ru-dyes, In this work, we have studied on the synthesis and characterization of the organo dendritic dyes containing different number of electron acceptor moieties in a molecule.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.146.2-146.2
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• 2011

Molecular behaviors and crystal structures of the binary hydrates of $CH_4$ and ethanol were identified by means of 13C solid-state NMR and powder XRD methods at various concentrations of ethanol. In addition, NMR peak areas were used to calculate cage occupancies for both guest species. Obtained results showed that more $CH_4$ molecules are captured into hydrate phase per unit mass of ethanol molecules because $CH_4$ molecule can occupy sII large cages more, and pure $CH_4$ hydrate can form more as well at lower ethanol concentrations. Even though tuning phenomenon was already reported for some aqueous hydrate promoters such as THF, aqueous ethanol solutions are found to play the same tuning role in the binary clathrate hydrates in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2000

In this research, we proposed the immobilization zone where the organic contaminant would be fixed, so that ground water could be prevented from the organic contaminants. The surfactant was adsorbed on the soil particles and the organic contaminants were partitioned into the hydrophobic tails of the surfactant in the immobilization zone. Surfactants with different molecular structures-SDDBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), MADS (monoalkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide), DADS (dialkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide) - were used in this study. Up to the present, the research on the immolization simulated the saturated condition. But many site contaminated with organic contaminants and the zones where immobilization would be applied are unsaturated. In this research, in order to investigate the behaviors of surfactants and organic contaminants in unsaturated condition, the unsaturated columns were experimented, and their results were compared with the saturated case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.276-276
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• 2013

Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are the useful instruments to measure nanostructures of material surfaces. Surface pattern formation in blending homopolymer and diblock copolymer films was investigated as a function of film thickness and annealing conditions. In this study, surface structures of blending homopolymer [deuterated polystyrene (Mn 20,000), poly (methyl methacrylate) (Mn 18,000)] and diblock copolymer [Poly (deuteratedstyrene(d8)-b-methyl methacrylate) (Mn 19,500-18,100)] films were observed. The AFM result indicated that the nanostructures and film thickness depended on temperature, concentration and solvent. TOF-SIMS depth profiling was obtained for the lamellar morphology of symmetric dPS-b-PMMA which is found to orient parallel to the surface of the substrate. Elemental and molecular depth profiles measured in the negative ion mode by a Cs+ primary ion beam demonstrate variations in hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, oxygen, hydrocarbons and deuterated hydrocarbons within the diblock copolymer according to the depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

This study is to optimize the enzymatic processing conditions of Polylactic Acid (PLA) fiber using lipase from Porcine pancreas as an environmental technology. Hydrolytic activity dependent on pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time, and structural change of PLA fiber were evaluated. The PLA fiber hydrolysis by lipase was maximized at 50% (o.w.f) lipase concentration $50^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes under pH 8.5. There was a change of the protein absorbance in the treatment solution before and after the lipase treatment. In addition, there was no substantial change in the molecular and crystalline structures of PLA by lipase treatment as confirmed by DSC, XRD, and FT-IR.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

Biological sensory systems continuously monitor and analyze changes in real-world environments that are relevant to an animal's specific behavioral needs and goals. Understanding the sensory mechanisms and information processing principles that biological systems utilize for efficient sensory data acquisition may provide useful guidance for the design of smart-sensing systems in engineering applications. Weakly electric fish, which use self-generated electrical energy to actively sense their environment, provide an excellent model system for studying biological principles of sensory data acquisition. The electrosensory system enables these fish to hunt and navigate at night without the use of visual cues. To achieve reliable, real-time task performance, the electrosensory system implements a number of smart sensing strategies, including efficient stimulus encoding, multi-scale virtual sensor arrays, task-dependent filtering and online subtraction of sensory expectation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 1996

Molecular structures of petroleum fractions(diesel fuel, bunker-C oil, lubricant base stocks) have been analyzed and compared in terms of the compositions (aromatics, naphtherucs, paraffinics), aromatics(benzene-nuclear and bonded alkyl groups), C2(methylene) carbon atoms % $C_{\alpha}$ and $C_{\beta}$ carbon stom % in alkyl groups and paraffins(branched and normal) by near-infrared and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 1995

Spectroscopic and Photoelectric Characteristics in the Cyanine and Merocyanine Dye according to systematically change of their structures were experimentally discussed. As result, in solution, Hetero atoms(X) of Cyanine and Merocyanine dye were participated in resonance X of d obital rather than X of pobital,effected in resonance and contributed in extension of conjugated system. in solid film,new spectra,called eximer-fluorenscence,were appeared in 3-dimensional fluorenscence of high density of Cyanine dye but not of Merocyanine. The activational energy of conductivity in Merocyanine dye was lower than in cyanine, an the contrary,the drift mobility was higher and the former in photoelectric characteristics was more effec-tive than the latter. In this paper,authors invertigated the changes of dye structure by molecular obital method to confirm the results of spectroscopic and photoelectric characteristics in the Cyanine and Merocyanine Dye acco-rding to systematically cally change of their structure, and counted total energy on dihedral angle and dipol miments if dyes in S0 and S1.