• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.944-949
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• 2018

The mass attenuation coefficients (${\mu}/{\rho}$) of food waste samples (pomegranate peel, acorn cap, lemon peel, mandarin peel, pumpkin peel, grape peel, orange peel, pineapple peel, acorn peel and grape stalk) have been measured employing a Si(Li) detector at 13.92, 17.75, 20.78, 26.34 and 59.54 keV. Also, the theoretical values of the mass attenuation coefficients have been evaluated utilizing mixture rule from WinXCOM program. The results showed that the lemon peel has the highest values of ${\mu}/{\rho}$ among the selected samples. From the obtained mass attenuation coefficients, we determined some absorption parameters such as effective atomic number ($Z_{eff}$), electron density ($N_E$) and molar extinction coefficient (${\varepsilon}$). It was found that the $Z_{eff}$ values of all food wastes lie within the range of 4.034-7.595, whereas the $N_E$ of the studied food wastes was found to be in the range of $0.301-1.720{\times}10^{25}$ (electrons/g) for present energy region.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

In order to develope bioactive substances, dried fmit body of Daedalea dickinsii collected from Taeback mountain was extracted with ethanol, The compounds 1 and 2 were purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization from the ethanol extracts. Melting point, molecular weight and molar extinction coefficient of the compound 1 were estimated to be $167{\sim}168^{\circ}C$, 572 and 5,040 at 208 nm. The structure of this compound 1 has been elucidated to be 24S, 25S, $3{\alpha}-carboxyacetylquercinic$ acid using spectroscopic properties. This compound showed antibiotic activities against fungi, yeasts and bacteria and it also showed anticancer activity $IC_{50}=64.5\;{\mu}M$) against Korean stomach cancer cell. Melting point, molecular weight and molar extinction coefficient of the compound 2 were estimated to be $233{\sim}235^<\circ}$, 572 and 5,080 at 208 nm. The structure of this compound was elucidated to be 24S, 25R, $3{\alpha}-carboxyacetylquercinic$ acid. The compound 2 showed different antibiotic activities with the compound 1.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.18-22
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• 1965

A new organic reagent, 1-isonicotinoyl-2-furfurylidene hydrazine was synthesized from isonicotinic acid hydrazide and furfural, gives precipitate with copper(II), mercury(II) and argent(I), whereas, it gives a water soluble yellow complex with iron(III). Copper complex of the reagent is soluble in EtOH MtOH, pyridine, dioxane and dimethylformamide with green yellow coloration. The complex has a maximum absorption at 385 m.$\mu$ and molar ratio of copper; reagent was estimated as 1:1 by continuous variation method, slop method and chelate titration method. Molar extinction coefficient (9600) and apparant formation constant of this complex was spectrophotometrically determined. K=1.7 * $10^{7}$ (Babko's method) K=2.1 * $10^{7}$ (Anderson's method). This reagent reacted with copper so sensitive that it would be available for determination of Cu (II).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-306
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• 2018

Methyl 4-formylbenzoate (MFB), a by-product of the DMT production process, which has been disposed, was used as a starting material for the synthesis of six new fluorescent whitening agent's candidates with 4,4'-di((E)-styryl)-1,1'-biphenyl skeleton attached with an aromatic ester, the same as that of the commercial product family. All candidates were synthesized by the reaction of MFB, and its derivatives with tetraethyl biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(methylene)diphosphonate using Wittig-Horner reaction. UV spectra for all candidates were recorded and the data were used for calculating the molar absorptivity in order to confirm the usability as a fluorescent whitening agent. All of them showed overall molar extinction coefficients (log ${\varepsilon}$ 4.59~5.00) similar to those of conventional commercial products (log ${\varepsilon}$ 4.85). In particular, compounds 16 and 17 having a dimethoxyphenyl group exhibited a molar extinction coefficient superior to those of conventional commercial products, and thus a field testing for commercialization will be conducted.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.28-34
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• 2007

The optical and physical properties of alkyl-substituted anthraquinoid dyes were investigated in terms of dyeing of pure polypropylene fiber. The length of alkyl substituents of the dyes did not affect the molar extinction coefficient and maximum absorption wavelength of them. The use of a double-tailed cationic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDDMAB), could make the hydrophobic dyes dispersed in water effectively. As the amount of DDDMAB increased, the average particle size of dye dispersion decreased. Maximum color strength of the fabrics was shown in the case that 1.5 molar ratio of DDDMAB was used. As for the fastness properties, commercially acceptable result was obtained in general.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2001

Five yellow disperse dyes were synthesized and their dyeing, fastness and photodegradation behaviors were investigated. It was found that dyes derived from phenylindole and N-alkylaminobenzene showed dye uptake directly proportional to the dye concentration, but the build-up of dyes derived from carbazole and pyridone were not good. The wavelength at maximum absorption. molar extinction coefficient. and the tendency to the photodegradation were strongly dependent on the electron donating ability of the coupling component. The dye, whose coupling component was phenylindole, possessed the excellent dyeing properties and the high degree of lightfastness. UVA had an effect on the inhibition of the photodegradation especially for the easily photodegradabte dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 1997

The study was performed to obtain the optimum extraction conditions for crocin from gardenia fructus. Generally crocin is unstable on heat, light, acid and base solution. The extraction efficiency of crocin from gardenia depended upon the extraction time, extraction temperature, pH in the extraction bath and the optimum conditions of crocin extraction were determined as 60 minutes of extraction time, 4$0^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, pH 7 of extraction bath. The molar extinction coefficient of crocin was 12,515 and the color yield of purified crocin was about six times higher than that of non-purified crocin. The heat-stability at extraction temperature and lightstability in irradiation with xenon lamp for one hour of the purified crocin were higher than those of non-purified crocin. Intensity of &{\lambda}_{max}&of crocin was decreased by irradiation for one hour but UV-Vis. spectra of crocin was not changed. The colors of purified and non-purified crocin dissolved wit methanol was evaluated by means of CIE L* a* b* system.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.119.2-119.2
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• 2011

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are currently attracting wide spread academic and commercial interest for the conversion of sunlight into electricity because of their easy manufacturing process and high efficiency. The solar energy conversion efficiencies of DSSC are strongly dependent on dye molecules adsorbed on the TiO2 surface which used for photosensitization of sun light, since an excited state of dye could inject an electron into the conduction band of semiconductor. We have developed novel organic dyes which have phenothiazine moieties as an electron donor in their charge-transfer chromophore for application of DSSCs. We had synthesized a series of phenothiazine derivatives which have different wave length absorbing chromophore in the molecule with high molar extinction coefficient. The photovoltaic performance of DSSC composed of organic chromophores with broad wavelength absorption property were measured and evaluated by comparison with that of pristine ruthenium dye.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1969

A new organic reagent, 1-isonicotynyl-2-furfurylidene hydrazine synthesized from isonicotinic acid hydrazid and furfural, gives yellow liquid with cadmium (II). Cadmium complex of the reagent is soluble in water with yellow coloration. The complex has a maximum absorption at 363 m${\mu}$ and molar ratio of cadmium to reagent was estimated as 1:1 by continuous variation method and slope method. Molecular extinction coefficient and apparent formation constant of this complex was spectrophotometrically determined. K=4.48 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ (Babko's method) K=1.33 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ (Anderson's method)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2001

The dried fruit-body of Daedaleopsis tricolor was extracted by the petroleum ether. The extracts were purified by liquid-liquid extraction, column chromatography, and recrystallization. The purified compound was a colorless orthorhombic crystal form. Its melting point, molecular weight and molar extinction coefficient $(\varepsilon)$ were estimated $168-170^{\circ}C$, 424 and 3,935 at 208 nm, respectively. Its structure was elucidated to be 20(29)-lupen-3-one by UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis. It showed antifungal activities against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Microsporum gypseum, and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas pyocyanea, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, this compound showed an antioxidative activity on lipid-peroxidation by 6.4%.