• 제목/요약/키워드: Moisture Level

검색결과 1,311건 처리시간 0.033초

나노합성 무기질 폴리머계 표면처리제를 적용한 콘크리트의 내구성능 평가에 관한 실험적 연구 (An experimental study on durability evaluation of the concrete applied nano level inorganic polymer based coatings)

  • 백종명;김은겸
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.1014-1020
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    • 2004
  • In this study, durability of the nano-level inorganic polymer based coatings which can provide a barrier against the ingress of moisture or aggressive ions to concrete is discussed. For the durability evaluation of the coatings, chloride penetration test, accelerating carbonation test, freezing and thawing test, and sulfate ponding test are conducted. As the result of this study, concrete applied nano-level inorganic polymer based coatings has a much higher resistance to the ingress of chloride ion, carbon dioxide, moisture and aggressive acid than plain concrete and epoxy resin based paint by means of crosslinking three-dimensional structure with concrete structure.

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석탄화력보일러에서 고수분탄 및 건조석탄 사용에 따른 연소 및 배기배출 특성에 대한 전산해석 연구 (Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Combustion and Emission in Pulverized Coal-fired Boiler for Using High Moisture Coal and Dry Coal)

  • 안석기;김강민;김규보;이시훈;전충환
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.118-126
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 석탄화력보일러에서 고수분탄 및 건조석탄 사용이 연소와 배기배출 특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 전산해석 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 보일러 설계 조건의 성능데이터를 기준으로 보일러 해석 모델 결과를 검증하였으며, 역청탄과 고수분탄 및 건조석탄을 혼소하는 조건에 대한 계산을 수행하였다. 고수분탄 혼소 비율이 높아질수록 가스 수직속도는 증가하였으며, 이는 연료의 노내 체류시간을 줄여 보일러 연소성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 건조석탄을 혼소할 경우 역청탄과 유사한 연소 및 배기배출 특성을 보였다. 고수분탄 혼소 비율이 높아질수록 수분영향에 의해 버너영역에서 연소반응 및 NOx 생성은 감소하였으며, OFA(Over-fire air) 이후에 가스온도와 NOx 생성이 높아지는 결과를 확인하였다.

미송(美松)의 열기건조(熱氣乾燥)스케쥴 개선(改善)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Study on Kiln-Schedule Modification for Douglas Fir)

  • 정희석;챨리 코즈리크;헬므쓰 레슈
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 1984
  • For the modification of kiln drying schedule, relations between resistance to drying Rd and the moisture content or drying times were found for 4/4, 6/4 and 8/4 green Douglas fir heartwood by the mild drying schedule and the severe drying schedule until the average moisture content was about 10 percent. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Resistance to drying of thicker lumber was higher than that of thinner lumber and resistance to drying of three different thicknesses were negligible between the mild-and the severe drying schedule. The relationships between resistance to drying and two schedules or three thicknesses of lumber were $Rd_1=1.830{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.24}$ for 4/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_2=1.822{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.25}$ for 4/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_3=2.352{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.14}$ for 6/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_4=3.457{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.27}$ for 6/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_5=1.317{\times}10^6\;M^{-2.56}$ for 8/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_6=8.267{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.40}$ for 8/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule. 2. Thinner lumber exhibited lower level of moisture content and shorter drying time required at intersection point between the moisture content and resistance to drying as a function of drying time than those of thicker lumber. Drying time of mild drying was longer than that of severe drying and similar to the level of moisture content at intersection point.

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한국형수치예보모델 KIM의 폭염 예측 성능 검증 (Evaluation of Heat Waves Predictability of Korean Integrated Model)

  • 정지영;이은희;박혜진
    • 대기
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.277-295
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    • 2022
  • The global weather prediction model, Korean Integrated Model (KIM), has been in operation since April 2020 by the Korea Meteorological Administration. This study assessed the performance of heat waves (HWs) in Korea in 2020. Case experiments during 2018-2020 were conducted to support the reliability of assessment, and the factors which affect predictability of the HWs were analyzed. Simulated expansion and retreat of the Tibetan High and North Pacific High during the 2020 HW had a good agreement with the analysis. However, the model showed significant cold biases in the maximum surface temperature. It was found that the temperature bias was highly related to underestimation of downward shortwave radiation at surface, which was linked to cloudiness. KIM tended to overestimate nighttime clouds that delayed the dissipation of cloud in the morning, which affected the shortage of downward solar radiation. The vertical profiles of temperature and moisture showed that cold bias and trapped moisture in the lower atmosphere produce favorable conditions for cloud formation over the Yellow Sea, which affected overestimation of cloud in downwind land. Sensitivity test was performed to reduce model bias, which was done by modulating moisture mixing parameter in the boundary layer scheme. Results indicated that the daytime temperature errors were reduced by increase in surface solar irradiance with enhanced cloud dissipation. This study suggested that not only the synoptic features but also the accuracy of low-level temperature and moisture condition played an important role in predicting the maximum temperature during the HWs in medium-range forecasts.

며느리배꼽추출물을 함유하는 페이스 크림의 보습 및 건조함 감소 효과 (Moisturizing and Dryness Reduction Effect of Face Cream Containing Persicaria Perfoliata (L.) Extract)

  • 김성윤;윤현서;현숙경;박충무
    • 대한통합의학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2022
  • Purpose : This study was aimed to analyze the effects of cosmetics containing Persicaria perfoliata water extract (PPWE) on the skin moisturizing and improvement of skin condition in clinical trials. Methods : Clinical trial was conducted for five weeks after IRB approval at Dong-Eui University. Out of a total of 64 people, 15 people each were assigned to four groups as follows; control group A, B, C and the experimental group A that using cosmetic containing PPWE. Skin condition was measured two times, before and after clinical trial, by a professional skin analyzer, SDM (skin diagnosis system). Moisture and oil value of participants was analyzed twice, each morning and evening, using a portable device on their cheeks. In addition, the survey was investigated subjective satisfaction on change in skin condition and the satisfaction on the use of cosmetics. Result : The experimental group exhibited subjectively significant changes before and after clinical trials on skin its dryness (p=.039), blush (p=.017), and redness (p<.001). In addition, subjective evaluation was also the highest satisfaction in aspects of number of application (p=.003), amount of application (p=.002), moisture maintenance, and skin scratching frequency. The satisfaction on the use of cosmetics was the highest in the intention to repurchase (p=.045), recommendation willingness to others (p=.020), and intention to use various products (p=.001). Skin moisture of the clinical trial participants using the SDM, moisture level and elasticity of the experimental group increased by 12.94 and 10.28. Moisture level, which was measured by a portable device, was the most potently increased in the experimental group. Conclusion : Consequently, PPWE containg cosmetics exhibited the effects of moisturization and attenuated skin dryness in clinical trials, which might be utilized as a fundamental data to develop numerous lines of cosmetics.

광합성세균의 생리 및 이용에 관한 최근의 동향 (General characters and applications of photosynthetic bacteria)

  • 이광웅
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.130-138
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    • 1971
  • 배양조건에 따른 aflattoxin 생성능을 알기위하여 증대두배지에 Aspergillus flavus를 PH5.0 PH7.0 PH9.0 수분30%,45%,63%, 온도 2$0^{\circ}C$ 3$0^{\circ}C$ 4$0^{\circ}C$등의 조건으로 각각 배양한 27종의 시료와 Bacillus와 혼합배양한 3종의 시료를 AOAC 공정법에 의하여 aflatoxin의 생성량을 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 겨로가를 얻었다. 1. 각 PH에 의한 aflatoxin의 생성량은 PH5.0의 경우가 높았으며 PH7.0의 경우도 비교적 높은 편이었으나 PH9.0에서는 aflatoxin생성량이 현저히 감소되었다. 2. 수분합량에 따른 aflatoxin의 생성량은 수분이 적은 30%의 경우, 비교적 많은 양의 aflatoxin을 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 다음이 45%, 63% 으로서 수분함량이 많아질수록 aflatoxin의 생성이 감소되었다. 3.온도조건이 의한 결과는 Aspergillus flavus를 2$0^{\circ}C$로 배양하였을 때 가장 높은 aflatoxin의 생성량을 볼 수 있었으며, 3$0^{\circ}C$의 경우도 비교적 높은 양의 aflatoxin 생성을 볼 수 있으나 4$0^{\circ}C$의 경우는 aflatoxin의 생성은 낮았다. 4.여러가지 배양조건에 따른 Aspergillus flavus의 aflatoxin생성량은 수분 30% PH5.0 온도2$0^{\circ}C$일때 crude aflatoxin은 5.093ppm로 가장 높았으며 수분함량 63% PH 9.0 온도 4$0^{\circ}C$일때 crude aflatoxin의 량은 2.197ppm으로 aflatoxin 생성이 가장 낮았다. 5. Aspergillus flavus를 여러 조건하에서 배양한 결과 가장 많이 생성되는 배양조건인 온도 20 $^{\circ}C$ 수분 30%의 조건하에서 Bacillus subtilis와 혼합배양한 결과 Aspergillus flavus 단독배양의 경우보다 Bacillus subtilis균과 혼합배양하였을때 aflatoxin은 약 27%나 감소되었다.

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바인다의 효출력이 곡물탈립손실에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Bundle icing Forces on the Shattering Loss of Grains)

  • 백풍기;정창주
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.20-36
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    • 1978
  • The effect of binder kicking forces on the shattering losses of paddy rice, which has been widely understood as an outstanding loss factor in harvesting with a binder, were experimentally assessed in this thesis.Through the field tests the optimum time of harvest, in terms of grain moisture contents, was found by considering harvesting losses for two rice varieties, harvested by two different binders, at four or five grain moisture levels.A device was designed and manufactured to apply various kicking forces to the bundles and was used in the bundle kicking tests. It was intended to find out the optimum range of kicking force to minimize the kicking losses. Based on the study, modification of the existing binder kicking mechanism was suggested. The following is a summary of the results of this thesis. 1. In Suweon 258 variety, as the grain moisture content is reduced, so the cutting loss and the kicking loss increase. The grain losses range from 0.77 to 0.82 percent of total field yield for the cutting loss, from 1.83 to 2.01 percent for the kicking loss, and from 2.60 to 2.83 percent for the field loss, when the moisture content is about 22 percent. 2. In Jinheung variety , the field losses increased as the grain moisture content decreased . When the moisture content was 20 percent, the field loss, cutting loss and kicking loss was 0.42-0.49 % , 0.30-0.35, and 0.12 -0.14% of the total field yield, respectively. 3. The difference in the field loss , cutting loss, and kicking loss for the two binders was 0.23% , 0.05% and 0.18% respectively in Suweon 258 variety, and 0.07% , 0.02% and 0.05% respectively ini Jinheung variety. The grain losses for binder B were slightly higher than those for binder A. 4. In the statistical analysis of each variety , the kicking force and the moisture content of the grain, and its interaction were all highly significant at 1% level by T test .The optimum kicking force was found to be in the 3.0-0.4kg range. This does not interrupt the binder operation, while ioses are kept to an acceptale level. 5. To reduce the kicking force of the eXlstmg binder mechanism, the speed of rotation of the kicking arm needs to be redued by increasing the number of driving sprocket teeth, and the position and gear ratio of the knotter-bill and driving bevelgear have to be change to give a !motter-bill speed of 1110 rpm. It is also desirable to attach a belt conveyor which smoothly carries the bundle to the ground. 6. The optimum harvesting time cased on maximum field yield was found to be at a grain moisture content of around 22 percent for Suweon 258 variety, and 20 percent for Jinheung variety. Tota] field yield and field yield at the time amounted to 9, 812.5 kg/ha, 9, 302. 5kg/ha respectively for the Suweon 258, and 7, 819.5 kg/ ha, 7, 158.7 kg/ha respectively for the Jinheung variety.

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고추 건조과정에 있어서 평균 수분함량 및 온도에 따른 Carotenoid파괴 및 비효소적 갈변 (Carotenoid Destruction and Nonenzymatic Browning during Red Pepper Drying as functions of Average Moisture Content and Temperature)

  • 이동선;김현구
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.425-429
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    • 1989
  • 고추의 건조 중 중요한 품질요소인 carotenoid 파괴 및 비효소적 갈변의 kinetics를 건조 중 품질측정을 이용한 dynamic test에 의하여 평균 수분함량과 온도의 함수관계를 결정하였다. 1차반응으로 가정된 carotenoid 파괴 속도상수는 고온 고수분에서 높았으며 수분의존성에 있어서 건조중간의 어떤 수분함량에서 최소치를 보여주고 있었다. 온도의존성에 있어서 활성화 에너지는 7.7-27.4kcal/mol로 나타났고 수분함량이 높을수록 높았다. 0차반응으로 분석된 비호소적 갈변은 온도와 수분함량이 높을수록 쉽게 일어났으며 활성화에너지는 7.5-20.2kcal/mol로서 수분함량이 높을수록 높았다.

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Measurement of Engineering Properties Necessary to the Design of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) Pod Sheller

  • Oloyede, Dolapo O.;Aviara, Ndubisi A.;Shittu, Sarafadeen K.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.201-211
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Designing equipment for processing, sorting, and other post-harvest operations of agricultural products requires information about their physical properties. This study was conducted to investigate some of the mechanical and physical properties of Moringa oleifera L. pods and seeds. Methods: Properties such as the length, width, thickness, bulk density, porosity, mass, static coefficient of friction, and angle of repose were determined as a function of moisture content. Statistical data and force-deformation curves obtained at each loading orientation and moisture level were analyzed for bioyield point, bioyield strength, yield force, rupture point, and rupture strength using a testrometric machine. Result: The basic dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of moringa pods and seeds were found to increase linearly from 311.15 to 371.45 mm, 22.79 to 31.22 mm, and 22.24 to 29.88 mm, respectively, in the moisture range of 12 to 49.5% d.b. The coefficient of friction for both pods and seeds increased linearly with an increase in moisture content on all the surfaces used. The highest value was recorded on mild steel, with 0.581 for pods and 0.3533 for seeds, and the lowest on glass for pods, with a value of 0.501, and of 0.2933 for seeds on galvanized steel. The bioyield and rupture forces, bioyield and rupture energies, and deformation of the pods decreased with an increase in moisture content to a minimum value, then increased with further decrease within the moisture content range, while the yield force increased to a maximum value and then decreased as the moisture content increased. Conclusion: These results will help to determine the most suitable conditions for processing, transporting, and storing moringa pods, and to provide relevant data useful in designing handling and processing equipment for the crop.

Analysis on Monopole Antenna for Moisture Determination in Oil Palm Fruit Using Finite Difference Method

  • Cheng, E.M.;Abbas, Z.;Rahim @ Samsuddin, H.A.;Lee, K.Y.;You, K.Y.;Hassan, J.;Zainuddin, H.;Khor, S.F.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제11권6호
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    • pp.1754-1762
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    • 2016
  • Finite difference analysis were applied to study the principle operation of monopole antenna for moisture determination in oil palm fruit at 2 GHz. The electromagnetic field interact with oil palm fruit on the interface between the antenna and oil palm fruit and cause a reflection. The reflection measurement is based on mismatch impedance or dielectric properties between two media. Reflection coefficient is used to quantify the level of reflection. The monopole antenna was made of RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable with an inner and outer diameter of 0.45 mm and 1.50 mm, respectively with 2.23 mm length of protruding conductor over 5.66 cm length of monopole antenna. This monopole antenna for moisture detection was compared with induced EMF method in terms of reflection coefficient at 2 GHz. The results show that the complex reflection coefficient measured using monopole antenna provides significant results to predict moisture content in oil palm fruit.