• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

Elderly population has increased rapidly and adjusting the environment is in demand to support their health. To improve the living environment of elderly, an appropriate plan for customized home modification is needed upon the personal contexts. The purpose of this study is to explain the sequence and to build an insight on customized home modification for vulnerable single elderly. It is a case study based on single target that includes 6 months of execution period deeply seeking the appropriate plan for implementation. The target is a male elderly aged 74 living in a single story detached house. The various research methods are applied in this study including exploratory, participatory, action and trade-off preference researches. The result shows that plan for home modification is complex outcome of interlocking uniqueness between residence environment and resident situation. If customized modification is targeted for residentially vulnerable social group, more sensitive approach aiming for the highest result is required due to financial constraint. To conclude, comprehensive understanding of overall circumstances of a dwelling, a resident and various stakeholder is essential throughout the process. Since the aging-in-place of elderly cannot be achieved without self-sustaining living environment, customized home modification should be a tool to meet housing suitability. It is important to strengthen the experts and future workforce with networks of local residents to share opinions and appropriate plans.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.453-463
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• 2002

Prognostic meteorological model, MM5V3 (Mesoscale Model 5 Version 3) was used to assess the effects of the land-use modifications on spatial variations of temperature and wind fields in Busan during the selected period of summer season in 2000. We first examined sensitivity analysis for temperature between MM5V3 predictions and meteorological data observed at 4 AWS (Automatic Weather System) stations in Busan, which exhibited low structural and accurate errors (Mean Bias Error, MBE: 0.73, Root Mean Square Error, RMSE: 1.18 on maximum). The second part of this paper, MMSV3 simulations for the modification of land-use was performed with 1 km resolution in target domain, 46$\times$46 $\textrm{km}^2$ area around city of Busan. It was found that modification result from change of surface land-use in central urban area altered spatial distributions of temperature and wind. In particular, heat island core moved slightly to the seaward at 1300 LST. This results may imply that modification of surface land-use leads to change the thermal environments; in addition, it has a significant effect on local wind circulations and dispersions of air pollutants.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.440-444
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of Korean railway architectural facilities constructed during the Japanese ruling period through an examination on the historical documents. The findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, the Japanese railway adminstration authority in Korea defined the criterion for each architectural facilities according to the climate zone. Secondly, these criterion were object to modification by the geo-political. changes and the augmentation of demands. Thirdly, each architectural facilities had been remodeled or expanded, from a temporary building type to a more permanent type, consequently by the development of the Korean railway network.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2008

In this study, we propose a new method to control both the beat clarity and beat period in a ring structure. An equivalent ring which satisfies the measured mode condition is determined by using the equivalent ring theory. Theoretical analysis and finite element analysis on the equivalent ring are performed to investigate the effect of the local structural modification on the beat clarity and beat period. Beat clarity and period are improved by attaching asymmetric mass or decreasing local thickness. Through the analysis on the equivalent ring, the proper position and the amount of the local variation are determined to satisfy the required clarity and period condition. All the analysis results are compared and verified by the experiment.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2 s.48
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

Site response analyses were peformed based on equivalent linear technique using the shear wave velocity profiles of 162 sites collected around the Korean Peninsula. The she characteristics, particularly the shear wave velocities and the depth to bedrock, are compared to those in the western United States. The site coefficients of short period $(F_a)$ and the long period $(F_v)$ obtained from this study were significantly different compared to 1997 Uniform Building Code (1997 UBC). $F_a$ underestimated the motion in shot period ranges and $F_v$ overestimated the motion in mid period ranges in Korean seismic guideline. It is found that the existing Korean seismic design code were is required to be modified considering geological site conditions in Korea for the reliable estimation of sue amplification. Problems of the current seismic design code were dicussed in this paper and the development of site classification method and modification of desing response spectra were discussed in the companion papers(II-Development of Site Classification System and III-Modification of Dosing Response Specra).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

The fine structural modification of the granulocytes between the molt and intermolt period were investigated by the transmission electron microscopy. The granular hemocytes of the spider Araneus ventricosus were composed of three subtypes: eosinophilic granulocytes (EGs), basophilic granulocytes (BGs) and cyanocytes. Both of the EGs and BGs have electron dense granules within their cytoplasms, however the granules of BGs are larger than those of EGs. During the molt period, some of the EGs have fine structural modification in their cell organelles including formation of phagosomes as a result of active phagocytosis. However, the BGs have no phagosomes, but electron densities of the granules are changed to lower states than the intermolt period. The cyanocyte is the biggest hemocyte among the granulocytes. They contain numerous hemocyanin crystals in the cytoplasm with some electron-lucent vacuoles. During the molt period, some of the cyanocytes are changed to irregular shapes. High magnification electron micrographs reveal that the lattice sub-structure of the hemocyanin crystals are very similar to those of microtubules, and each tubule is composed of approximately 20 filaments with fine fibrillar structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The domestic and foreign seismic design codes have specified that time history covers design response spectrum when the response spectrum, which calculated from the time history, is smaller than the design response spectrum at five points or less. In order to verify the design codes, time history analysis for a pier was performed by using five artificial time histories conforming design code with various characteristics and its member forces were evaluated according to them. It was confirmed from analysis results that, regardless of the conformity to design code requirement, seismic design using the artificial time histories could not guarantee earthquake resistant design if the response spectrum from them is lower than design response spectrum at the similar period to the natural frequency of structure. Thus, the time history generating method to make its acceleration response spectrum to be greater than design response spectrum at all period was proposed by two modification function in this study. It was also verified whether time histories from the proposed method satisfy the seismic design codes or not.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2 s.48
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

In the companion paper (II, Development of Site Classification System), new size classification system based on site periods $(T_G)$ was recommended for legions of shallow bedrock depth in Korea. Despite the site classification method was improved, the response spectrum would be required to be modified by adjusting the integration interval to calculate the site coefficients because the response spectra did not match well the average spectral accelerations obtained by site response analyses in the range of long periods. In this paper, new response spectra for each site categories were determined by adjusting the integration interval of long period site coefficient $F_v\;from\;0.4{\sim}2.0\;to\;0.4{\sim}1.5$ second. It matched well the average spectral accelerations and new response spectrum, and it was also improved compared to the current she classification system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.112-118
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• 2013

The selection of appropriate ground motions and reasonable modification are becoming increasingly critical in reliable prediction on seismic performance of structures. A widely used amplitude scaling approach is not sufficient for robust structural evaluation considering a site specific seismic hazard because only one spectral value is matched to the design spectrum typically at the structural fundamental period. Hence alternative approaches for ground motion selection and modifications have been suggested. However, there is no means to evaluate such methodologies yet. In this study, it is focused to describe the main questions resided in the amplitude scaling approach and to propose a regression model for structural damage as point of comparison. Spectrum compatible approach whose resulting spectrum matches the design spectrum at the entire range of the structural period is considered as alternative to be compared to the amplitude scaling approach. The design spectrum is generated according to ASCE7-05.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.6 s.40
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• pp.13-22
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• 2004

Ductiluty factor has played an important role in seismic design as it is key component of response modification factor(R). In this stuty, ductility factors() are calculated by multiplying ductility factor for SDOF systems() and MDOF modification factors(). Ductility factors() for SDOF systems are computed from nonlinear dynamic analysis undergoing different level of displacement ductiluty demands and period when subjected to a large number of recorded earthquake ground motions. The MDOF modification factors() are proposed to account for the MDOF systems, based on previous studies. A total of 108 prototype steel frames are designed to investigate the ductility factors considering the number of stories(4, 8 and 16-stories), framing system(Perimeter Frames, PF and Distributed Frames, DF), failure mechanism(Strong-Column Weak-Beam, SCWB and Weak-Column Strong-Beam, WCSB), soil profiles(SA, SC and SE in UBC 1997) and seismic zone factors(Z=0.075, 0.2 and 0.4 in UBC 1997). It is shown that the number of stories, failure mechanisms (SCWB, WCSB), and soil profiles have great influence on the ductility factors, however, the structural system(Perimeter frames, Distributed frames), and seismic zones have no influence on the ductility factors.