• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2008

Military style is not limited to a single period but represents various image communications related to items, synthetic images and different periodical culture backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to define the communicational function of the military style beginning from the 1st world war up to the modern days, and furthermore explain the characteristics and contents of military styles in different periods by studying the nowadays various symbols of the military style in denotative and connotative aspects. The research method is documentary studies through the literature and academic paper, and examined masters' and doctors' thesis, domestic and overseas books and fashion magazines, photographs and materials collected from the internet. As a result, first, the military style is a significant fashion code in understanding modern fashion by serving as a strong communication function representing people’s ritual through various image items called the 'military look'. Second, the meaning of the image communication through military look changed throughout the different periods. During the 1st and 2nd World war the military look supported Fascism by serving as a media representing extreme patriotism and at the same time social images like functionalism, women liberation, regulation and saving. During the cold war period it was used by young progressives like hippies and punks to send an opposing message towards war and commercialism. Since then up to the 80s it was a medium representing the ‘new role of women’, who possess same social rights and power as the men. However in the 90s the military style had to go through a paradigm transition period. Since this period it got affected by the post modernism and designers, consumers alike adopted military style to create unique beauty It can also be said that it began to be used as a pure fashion code representing intertextuality. It was rather expressed as a metonymy than a metaphor and combined with elegance and feminine factor, which contrasts to the original military concept, it now represents totally new hybrids such as difference, dissemination and varieties.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.249-273
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• 2010

Both An, Joonggeun and Park, Youngcheol lived in similar innovative time period from the enlightenment times through the Japanese colonial era. Even though they had the same resolution to pour their energy on national sovereignty and oriental peace, their opinions and activities were contrary. While An aimed the gun at the heart of Japanese imperialism with the belief that Japanses empire hindered Korea's independence and the Oriental Peace, Park willingly joined the heart of the imperialism with the belief that Japan could enhance Korean civilization and the Oriental peace. They had commonly developed their visions about oriental peace on the basis of the theory of social evolution focusing on the survival of the fittest and the weak-to-the-wall kind of society that had been prevalent since 19th century. Furthermore, their logics were based on racism combined with the social evolution theory. Although the two men lived in the same era, their spirit of the times were quite different. An considered that the Japanese extortion of Korean sovereignty caused the corruption of peace of the East. On the other hand, Park believed that peaceful age came by way of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity constructed by the union of Korea and Japan. Especially Park put higher value on Japanese modern civilization than Korean sovereignty and also insisted Korea should take Japanese case as its model.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2011

The basic approach of this study was to take the theory of cultural fluctuations to investigate the early modern and modern patterns of the use of ox carts and@ the social and economic appropriateness and cultural significance of ox carts. The study chose a village that was the only place that used ox carts in Bugye-myeon. The findings will help to understand how traditional cultural elements would continue or change according to the natural, geographical, economical, and cultural characteristics of a village. Located in Gaho-2-ri, Bugye-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk Province, Dongrim Village started to use ox carts during the Japanese rule and replaced the traditional version with an improved one in 1972 when a reservoir was built. Until the 1970s, they used ox carts to carry agricultural products and luggage and to visit the markets in distant Bugye-myeon or Gunwi-eup. In the early 1980s when a cultivator was first introduced into the village, ox carts gradually disappeared in the village and eventually remained as a mere means of transportation. As the younger generations were active in introducing modern means of transportation, a cultivator became the main means of transportation in the village in the 1980s and a truck since the latter half of the 1990s. Despite those changes, however, the elderly in their seventies or older continued to use ox carts. With aged labor and inability to use modern means of transportation, they grew cows and oxen to cultivate the inclined fields and gain easy access to fields distributed in distant locations and continued to ox carts through reform. In Dongrim Village, the heritage of using reformed ox carts is the practice of appropriate technology by the old farmers and a cultural representation of an aged agricultural society. That is, the elderly recognized the appropriateness and practicality of traditional culture and renewed a traditional means of transportation called an ox cart. The phenomenon of the old men and women frequently using ox carts in an agricultural village in the mountain with geographical limitations has settled down as a cultural representation of the elderly in Dongrim Village. The continuing usage of ox carts in Dongrim Village is attributed to the fact that ox carts well suit the natural, geographical, and economic aspects of the village and the cultural inertia of the elderly with the aging of the farmers. Thus it is once again shown that human beings transmit and alter culture according to their overall situations and conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.140-159
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• 1994

Heraldry, which originated from the culture of knights in the 12th century, came to be drawn on shields, and was inherited as a symbol of the family at the end of the 12th century and developed rapidly through the 13th and 14th century. Afterwards heraldry was in great vogue and used in the shields, clothes of men and women, armors, housings and flags. Therefore the citizen class as well as nobles and knights came to possess heraldry. In particular parti-color and impaled coat were accepted in the clothes, and served the dual purpose of status symbol and ornament in the 13th century. It can be said that the appearance of heraldry on the clothes was typical of the Middle Ages. The origin, generally accepted, was that the crusaders wore the surcots, also known as the cyclases, on the armors to prevent the powerful sun of Syria and dust of deserts, and to prevent the armors from rusting due to moisture. As the surcot was made of white linen or white silk till the beginning of the 13th century, knight's heraldry came to be put on the surcot in order to identify each corps. According as the coat of mail covering all the body was devised, the same heraldry attached on the shield seemed to appear on the clothes of surcot or jupon(afterwards pourpoint) in order to identify the status in the battlefield and tournament. Heraldry, a system of mark in the 12th century, was used as a symbol of authority of the upper class such as the Royal House, nobles and knights, and may have been mysterious instruments in the Milddle Ages. However, in the modern times of the 20th century heraldry has come to be a kind of symbol marks such as badges and banners symbolizing the hallmark of the goods of enterprises, organizations and groups. Heraldry, existing up to now, of the individuals as well as international organizations can be seen as a result of deep-rooted tradition for esthetic appreciation and symbolism for heraldry.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

As software is very important, modern men are interesting software quality testing. In this paper, we analyze the Internation standard and Test data, so, we propose the testing method by analysing testing data. We compare ISO/IEC 9126-2 testing model with ISO/IEC 25023 testing model. On the basis of ISO/IEC 25023, we classify the test data and we analyze the difference of International Standard to functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability, compatability, and security. By reality 331 testing data, we classify test data, and analyze difference according to sex. We find regression model by functionality, usability and testing date and we prove difference of testing date and the number of error by tester. Also, we prove difference of the number of error in software type.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.745-754
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• 2010

This study is to find return factors when modern consumers purchase goods from an internet shopping mall and then to analyze the characteristics of complaints act and information search behavior. Subjects of research are 245 men and women, who have experience with more than one return in internet fashion shopping mall, in their twenties. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cronbach's analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test as a post identification, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are that male and female consumers in their 20s are mainly aware of the return factors: impulse buying, product status, deliver service, service after purchase, hype and comfortableness. And complains behavior often conduct public action, private action, nonaction. Information search behaviors for risk reduction when they purchase are product comparison, oral information search, neutral marketing information search, and service information search. The return factor from the internet fashion shopping had the greatest impact on public action and deliver services factor was a big complaint. In addition, impulse buying & Hype affect private action and non-action is influenced by impulse purchase. The consumer types by the return factors in internet fashion shopping mall are classified into the return group by deliver service, the return group by complex factors, and the return group by product status. Furthermore, there are significant differences in complaining behavior among these groups. In the information search behavior for reduction of risk factors, the return group by complex factors did more active information search behavior than the other groups. The return group by deliver service searched oral information and the return group by product status explored the neutral marketing information.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine how the perception of lives and studies in the Joseon Dynasty period, and the concept of its sculptures can be reflected in Korean traditional pavilion place, from the perspective of Nomadism as a western philosophy of this era. Nomadism literally refers to way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically searching for temporary centres whose stability depends on the availability of food and water supply or pastures for their livestock. In recent years, the term encompasses three general types: job nomads, digital nomads and ubi-nomads, which represent distinct features of modern society. Its concept implies looking for the new creative possibility through the liberation of desire and the breakaway to another thinking through continuous formation and transformation. Likewise, Korean traditional pavilion is the architecture to take a quick rest while walking in the mountains. This open place thus connects surroundings with people who are allowed to assimilate with nature as well as train their mind by following the law of nature, in order to finally reach the celestial state of mind. Knowing how to see, enjoy and appreciate the arts very close to nature, our ancestors were able to learn aesthetic activities. After recognizing Korean traditional pavilion as the potential place of unification of heaven and men which is Korean scholor's lifestyle and outlook on the world, this study accordingly will identify the value and meaning of Korean traditional architecture according to Nomadism in the occidental point of view.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2015

It is commonly known that upper class house in Chosun Dynasty has characteristics of connecting space in combination with 'Chae' and 'Madang'. But living territory of traditional residence is connected each other by means of the necessity of dwelling life. So, it can be a fragmentary understanding about traditional houses to consider it as connecting space only from the viewpoint of visual perception. Residential space in later Chosun Dynasty is affected by practical life-style rather than building principle of 'Confucianism' due to the erosion of the caste system and the spread of the modern residential culture. So, it is necessary to consider dwelling life at that time in order to understand spatial characteristics of the residences. Researcher made an assumption that these characteristics were observed in the emerging upper class houses which appear in the process of change of the caste system rather than the traditional upper class houses. The researcher investigated connecting space from 'Bakat-ma-dang' to An-ma-dang of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi province. The goal of this study is to find the properties of connecting space related to dwelling life of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of connecting space in emerging upper class houses in later Chosun Dynasty. First, 'An-ma-dang(Courtyard)' comes into close contact with 'Bakat-chae(Outer quarters)' which accommodate the complex functions, 'An-ma-dang' plays an mediating role between 'An-chae' and 'Bakat-chae' Second, 'Bakat-chae' generally encases 'An-ma-dang' which is central territories of dwelling life, and the men's area of 'Bakat-chae' considerably has opening space towards the outside. Third, 'Anmadang' plays an mediating role of male's and female's living territory, and it plays an important role in connecting space where labor forces are concentrated.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intakes and perceptions of convenient breakfast related to age and family type. The survey included 545 men and women living in Seoul from June to July. Questionnaire items covered their age, gender, family types, breakfast intakes and preference for convenient breakfast menu. As a result, there were significant differences in the number of breakfast intakes per week according to family types; large families recorded the highest frequency in "I have breakfast everyday" and the couple-only families and nuclear families scored relatively high numbers. In terms of the type of breakfast, the first choice was "rice and side dishes" across all the age groups (69.3%). There were differences in the preference of convenient breakfast in "bread", "cereal", "rice cake", "sunsik", and "rice gruel" by different age. The teens exhibited the highest preference of bread (5.63), and cereal (5.53) for breakfast; those who were in their fifties for rice cake (5.42). Both forties and fifties showed the higher preference of sunsik (4.58, 4.76) and rice gruel (5.89, 5.77) than other age groups. As for the preference for convenient breakfast according to family types, single person families displayed the highest preference of bread (5.42) and cereal (5.75). Couple families showed higher preference of rice gruel (5.82) than other family groups. The preference level for "rice cake" was similar among all the family types. As a result, it is suggested that the development of various breakfast menus considering age groups and family types is needed so that modern people can enjoy breakfast in terms of quality and quantity in their busy daily life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.650-658
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• 2013

In modern society, we live in the important age which should reflect needs of residents enough with the economic growth. Desire in the public sector means the basic requirements which are necessary for contemporary men who live in social life and is very important even at the social welfare policy level. Each local government is recently increasing convenience of residents by installing the facilities about public design and is politically promoting expansion of public services to satisfy their public desire. This public design should be installed to make reasonable plans and maintenance be smoothly done. This paper tries to study the present condition and the precedent studies targeting public interest facilities which will be installed in neighborhood parks of urban areas, grasp design problems of public facilities which will be installed in neighborhood space by clarifying the concept of design, and apply them by designing them newly. It tries to examine reasonable maintenance direction related to next development of public design by suggesting design direction for this practical development and module assembly typed design that storage, assembly, and management of public facilities are convenient and suggest cases of design development which can reflect them in public design development policies.