• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2001

All human being can't exist by oneself. That is, all human being depend on intimate attachment for their survival. Physical and psychological powers and control functions are prerequisites for one's survival and these serve important functions in interpersonal relationships. There are two kinds of powers and controls. One is positive power which helps one survive effectively. Another one is negative power which disturbs one's effective survival. Introspection is one of the positive power and most important process in understanding oneself and others. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the physical and psychological meaning of the characteristics of water and based on this meaning, to suggest one way of introspection. The authors reviewed the precept of water which is described in Bible and oriental classical books such as 'the Analects of Confuicus(論語)', 'Tao Te Ching(道德經)', 'Mencius(맹자)', 'Chronicle(史記)', 'The Doctrine of the Mean(中庸)', 'University(大學)'. The author also reviewed 'The History of Three Countries(삼국사기, 삼국유사)', 'The Precept of Religion', and 'the modern poems' which includes the symbolic meaning of water. The results are summarized as follows：1) The flow of water itself is the expression of introspection. Because, water does not flow without filling a puddle. 2) Water is the symbol of 'Immortality'. 3) Water symbolizes 'Modesty and Trust'. 4) Water is the symbol of 'Freedom from Greed'. 5) Water symbolizes 'Goodness and Beauty'. 6) Water symbolizes 'Naturality and Love'. Immortality, Modesty and Trust, Freedom from Greed, Goodness and Beauty, and Naturality and Love are eternal, universal values which all human should seek and achieve. By the process of introspection through the symbolic meaning of water, we can achieve these positive aspects of human mind and spirit.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Objective I would like to identify when 'If the wind damage people, they feel aversion to wind. If the cold damage people, they feel aversion to cold.(傷風則惡風 傷寒則惡寒)' has appeared and what does this hypothesis have affected. I also researched future scholars' opinions and their criticism on this hypothesis. Methods: 1. Among the books which are related to Cold damage according to the age, books which have original text that has a relationship with this hypothesis were elected. Total of 30 books were elected, and their original text was extracted and analyzed. Results 1. This hypothesis appeared first on Hwalinseo(活人書) in the Song Dynasty, and had lots of impact on future generations. 2. After passing Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty, there were some opinions appeared which criticized part of this hypothesis. Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) also tried to correct this hypothesis. 3. Bang Yu-Jip(方有執) of Ming Dynasty straightly opposed this hypothesis on Sanghanronjobyeon(傷寒論條辨)for the first time. It had huge influence in the Qing Dynasty and lots of scholars suggested that this hypothesis lacks persuasion. 4. Just like Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis is not accepted in the books of modern ages. Conclusion This hypothesis appeared in the Song Dynasty for the first time and had lots of influence, but some counter arguments had appeared as time passed, and during Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis lost its creditibility with lots of criticism.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2015

A new classification system with 9 main categories and 56 subcategories for the Open Korean Knowledge Dictionary is proposed. The classification system setup is to prepare for the standard classification system to be used to manage effectively vast of terminologies which were published in the Open Korean Knowledge Dictionary and is meant to enhance the fifteen-year old classification system for the standard korean great dictionary to match up to the trend of the modern terminology. The new terminology classification system covering all the academic areas such as humanity, sociology, politics, science, medicine, agriculture, engineering, etc, is designed and proposed after investigating several classification systems. The classification system setup procedures follow as ${\circ}$ The classification system is designed and planed by both the classification system and the academic expert. ${\circ}$ Classification system design covers all the academic areas following National Science and Technology standard classification system after investigating several classification systems such as the National Research Foundation, National Science and Technology Standard Act, Ministry of Knowledge Economy. ${\circ}$ Poll and survey is made to collect comments from total 93 members of several academic areas. ${\circ}$ The poll result is reviewed among working group members and utilized to update the new terminology classification system. Reclassifications are made for the around 200,000 terms in electricity, computer, medicine, pharmacy, biology, and economics according to the new terminology classification system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-133
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• 1999

Lethal catatonia is one of catatonic spectrum, but it differentiates itself to a separate entity as a syndrome because of its severity and lethality. The prevalence of this disorder may have declined worldwide, coinciding with the advent of modern psychopharmacologic agents and other advances in medical treatment. The patient reported here was an 11-year old boy, showing catatonic excitement and stuporous condition with high fever, autonomic dysfunction and several catatonic symptoms. This is a case of successful treatment by using intensive medical monitoring and conservative treatment in an intensive care unit, combined with pharmacological treatment and electroconvulsive therapy during the early phase of lethal catatonia with mild symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.707-710
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• 2010

Mt. Jiri, where is located in southwestern area of Korea, can be a treasury of herbal medicine plants grown wild. More than 1200 species currently classified as herbs are grown or cultivated. Recently, the studies on the safflower which attracts the interests in the inhibition of skin aging in the modern people have been actively investigated, and this study aims to confirm that polyphenol compound, the main ingredient of safflower, can be a natural material to cause the delayed effect on the skin aging, inhibiting the generation of wrinkle in the 30 to 40s middle aged females. Primarily, this study is to confirm the anti-oxidizing effect by DPPH assay in vitro, and to evaluate the efficacy of inhibition or improvement on the wrinkle generation in the face skin by clinical trials, additionally. In addition, we are confident to contribute on the improvement of functional cosmetic industry, developing the sample product of anti-aging mask pack which has the main ingredient with the extract of safflower.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Since Dr. Costen, an otolaryngologist, published his article in 1934 claiming that pain in and around the jaw and "related ear symptoms" improved with alteration of the bite, diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been within the concept of occlusion. However most of the modern descriptions for TMD no longer include occlusal disorders within their domain. Despite this trend toward the exclusion of occlusal disorders from TMD domain, the historical linkages between TMD and occlusal therapy are still strong. Currently the most popular theories regarding TMD etiology are based on the biopsychosocial model. In the future, treatment modalities should be directed at the pathophysiological processes of joint and muscle pain as well as the psychosocial aspects of chronic pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1129-1133
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• 2015

Background: The tissue microarray (TMA) is widely accepted as a fast and cost-effective research tool for in situ tissue analysis in modern pathology. However, the current automated and manual TMA techniques have some drawbacks restricting their productivity. Our study aimed to introduce an improved manual tissue miniarray (TmA) technique that is simple and readily applicable to a broad range of tissue samples. Materials and Methods: In this study, a conventional TV/radio telescopic antenna was used to punch tissue cores manually from donor paraffin embedded tissue blocks which were pre-incubated at $40^{\circ}C$. The cores were manually transferred, organized and attached to a standard block mould, and filled with liquid paraffin to construct TmA blocks without any use of recipient paraffin blocks. Results: By using a conventional TV/radio antenna, it was possible to construct TmA paraffin blocks with variable formats of array size and number ($2-mm{\times}42$, $2.5-mm{\times}30$, $3-mm{\times}24$, $4-mm{\times}20$ and $5-mm{\times}12$ cores). Up to $2-mm{\times}84$ cores could be mounted and stained on a standard microscopic slide by cutting two sections from two different blocks and mounting them beside each other. The technique was simple and caused minimal damage to the donor blocks. H&E and immunostained slides showed well-defined tissue morphology and array configuration. Conclusions: This technique is easy to reproduce, quick, inexpensive and creates uniform blocks with abundant tissues without specialized equipment. It was found to improve the stability of the cores within the paraffin block and facilitated no losses during cutting and immunostaining.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to verify the organ weights in Nanjing based on the weights of five viscera (五臟) in autopsy studies of modern times. Methods : Contents on organ weights from many annotations and articles on Nanjing were collected. Organ weights in autopsy studies dealt in many countries including China, India, U.S. and Korea were collected. Among the data, the average weights of liver, heart, spleen, pancreas, lung and kidney of males in the age of 18 to 60 were calculated, and the ratio of each organ was examined. Based on those results, the organ weights of Nanjing were evaluated. Results & Conclusions : There is a close correspondence between the organ weight ratios of liver(肝), heart(心), lung(肺) and kidney(腎) in Nanjing and those in autopsy studies. It proves that the organ weights in Nanjing were recorded based on an actual dissection. As a result of the analysis on autopsy studies, the average organ weights and the ratio among the organs were: liver 1416g(43.0%), heart 296g(9.0%), lung 1047g(31.8%), kidney 273g(8.3%), spleen 264g(4.5%) and pancrease 113g(3.4%). The weight of liver in Nanjing shall be 4 jin and 4 liang(4斤4兩) instead of 2 jin and 4 liang(2斤4兩) to occupy proper proportion out of other organs. It is highly possible that the weight of spleen(脾) in Nanjing is including the weight of pancrease(散膏), and the weight shall be 1 jin and 1 liang(1斤1兩) or 1 jin and 2 liang(1斤2兩) instead of 2 jin and 3 liang(2斤3兩) to occupy proper proportion out of other organs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to compare the mechanisms of the OP/LB method and the SSD treatment in 『Piweilun』. Methods : Wenbing texts, articles on the OP/LB method, and the 『Piweilun』 was examined for comparison of treatment mechanisms of SSD. Results : The mechanism of the OP/LB method in treating SSD was to treat the Spleen and Stomach separately, to restore the ascending/descending pattern of qi through simultaneous use of pungent and bitter flavors which raises and lowers, respectively. Moreover, the use of medicinals with contrary properties regulate the other's biased nature, and none of the medicinals create dampness. The pungent and bitter flavors play central roles, where the pungent flavor opens and communicates and the bitter flavor clears and lowers. The treatment method of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 treat the Spleen and Stomach together, with a focus on raising and dispersing through upraising yang and reinforcing qi by means of Wind medicinals with pungent and bitter flavors added to sweet and warm medicinals. Conclusions : Owing to the expansion of the OP/LB method concept by modern-contemporary scholars, the potential for treating SSD as can be seen in the 『Piweilun』 with the OP/LB method has emerged. The similarity between the OP/LB method and treatment of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 is that the objective of the formulas is to lower fire heat and communicate qi to help qi movement. This common objective allows for treatment of SSD within Wenbing and those in 『Piweilun』 with the said formulas through appropriate modification fit for each situation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2015

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standards are generally introduced as de facto and de jure standards in modern medical imaging devices to store and to transmit medical image information. DICOM Dose Structured Report (DICOM dose SR) is implemented to report radiation exposure information in image acquiring process. and DIOCM Modality Performed Procedure Step (DICOM MPPS) is also partly used to report this exposure with the information in its DICOM tag. This article is focused on three type of radiation exposure information of DICOM standards, 1) DICOM dose SR, 2) DICOM MPPS and 3) Radiation Exposure Monitoring(REM) profile by Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise(IHE), to study on radiation exposure reporting. Healthcare facility and its staff of medical imaging related to radiation exposure should have a deep understanding of radiation exposure, and it required a standards to enhance the quality control of medical imaging and the safety of patients and staffs. Staff member have to pay attention on radiation exposures and controling processes from the purchasing stage of X-ray devices.