• 한국철학논집
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• 제23호
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• pp.349-392
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• 2008

현대신유학은 5.4운동 이후 중국사상의 근본정신 계승을 토대로 서양사상을 받아들여 중국의 현실적 문제를 해결할 것을 주장하며 형성된 학파이다. 중국의 학술계는 현대신유학을 마르크스주의, 자유주의와 함께 중국근(현)대 3대사상으로 지칭한다. 1949년 중화인민공화국 성립이후 현대신유학자들은 대부분 홍콩, 대만 등지로 옮겨 활동하면서 그들의 철학과 문화보수주의를 이어갔다. 1978년 이전에는 금기시되었던 이들 사상은 1980년대 중반 현대신유학자들이 중국에서 활발한 강연, 저술 활동을 펼치면서 다시 주목받게 된다. 그리고 현대신유학에 대한 대규모의 연구가 1987년 국가의 지원을 받아 진행된다. '전통과 현대화'의 문제를 고민하고 있던 중국은 현대신유학에 대한 연구를 통해 전통의 고양과 현대적 전화의 가능성을 찾고자 했던 것이다.중국의 현대신유학 연구는 학술적으로는 단절되었던 전통사상을 계승하고 그 현대적 전화를 모색하는 것, 사회적으로는 이를 통해 자본주의의 폐단을 차단하고 통제하는 것, 정치적으로 사회주의의 중국화를 강화하는 것 등을 목적으로 한다. 1980년대 현대신유학 연구는 이러한 목적을 위한 초보단계로 주로 현대신유가의 사상을 소개, 정리, 이해하는 것에 집중된다. 그리고 이는 마르크스주의자들에 의해 주도되고, 마르크스주의의 입장, 관점, 방법을 견지하며 진행된다. 짧은 시간 안에 이루어진 수용과 이해라는 한계를 지니고 있지만, 1980년대 현대신유학 연구는 현대신유가 사상을 보급하고, 전통의 비판적 계승에 관한 논의를 확대하고, 현대화가 곧 서구화를 의미하는 것만은 아니라는 인식을 제고하는 등의 성과가 있었다.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제1권
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• pp.7-24
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• 2019

A. J. Toynbee published a book called Travel to China(1931) after traveling around the Asian continent in 1929. The book mostly focuses on Japan, China and the relationship between the two countries. Toynbee visited major cities in Japan and China by train. Most of the Japanese cities he saw were turning into modern cities in the process of spontaneous modernization mixed with its tradition. On the other hand, Chinese cities that he visited showed him various characteristics, including traditional, colonial, or semi-colonial cities. The modern cities of Japan and China in the late 1920s were transformed into various aspects under the influence of tradition, spontaneous modernization, colonial or anti-colonial modernization. How did Toynbee look at cities in East Asia? How did he recognize the relationship between tradition, modernization and colonization while visiting this area? Toynbee emphasizes the weight and influence of tradition especially in the development of modern cities in Japan and China. So, are modern European cities born out of their own traditions? Modern cities everywhere in the East and West were newly developed under the influence of tradition. Toynbee's attitude, which emphasizes especially its tradition in the modern cities of East Asia, seems to reflect his Orientalistic view.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2019

Perhaps nothing more vividly illustrates the many different ways in which traditions can be interpreted than a study of the life of Confucius in modern times. In China and Korea, Confucian values and culture are dismissed and scorned during some periods and held up as facilitators of cultural prosperity in others. This changing perception of and attitude toward the Confucian tradition in modern society embodies the long life of the Confucian tradition and its continually evolving trajectory, as well as its versatility within shifting sociopolitical milieux spanning distance and time. In this paper, I investigate the (re)emergence of Confucius in modern Korea and China with a comparative and critical gaze. I demonstrate how different modern interpretations of Confucius, both negative and positive, in these two countries bring new life to the Confucian tradition within their own complex social realities. By focusing on the recent revival of Confucius in China-Anti-tradition of Korean dramas, the Restoration of Confucian Culture in China and Korean Wave, the modernity of China in Confucius are examined, and finally, in terms of the means of realization of the Chinese dream-I illuminate how the image of Confucius serves the (re-)invention of contemporary China, with her pervasive desire to romanticize and materialize China's past as well as her future.

• 복식
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.98-111
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to examine the commonness and differences of Korean, Chinese and Japanese costume colors of modern and present ages. The result of this study showed that modern China and Japan had quick influx speed of Western culture. Dissimilarly, modern Korea kept conception of colors from Chosun periods that show the high frequency of 'Five Elements Colors' and neutral colors in Red, Yellow and Purple Blue. Today, the costumes of China, Korea and Japan use similar tones of color but each country approached in different selections of achromatic colors; Korean prefers color in Yellow Red, Purple, and Chinese in Green Yellow, Green and Japanese in Purple Blue. Light greyish and pale toned Yellow Red and grayish tone have increased in modern Chinese and Japanese costumes. Also both countries have corresponding assumptions in using color of Red in strong tone. The analysis of color and tone distribution showed that, Japanese costume colors in modern and present times have correlative number of use as in Western culture. Traditionally, Japan has least notion of using 'Five Elements Colors' which only gives minor changes by convergence of Western color culture. In other side, China had developed in color rather than tone compares to Korea and Japan by using many of the Red color of strong, vivid and deep tones which made red distinguishing color of China. Japan continues to use of low chroma colors and became a characteristic in modern and present day, also they use an abundance of color in Yellow Red, purple Blue. Korea has a higher frequency showing in light, bright tones of color distinctively compares to China and Japan.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-26
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• 2020

Urban pollution has been a problem in China since ancient times. In modern times, pollution was aggravated by industrialization and urbanization and became closely related to people's lives. Shanghai was the industrial center and the most urbanized place of modern China. As a price, it needed to face extremely serious urban pollution, and the treatment of this problem involved all aspects of social life. Noise pollution let foreigners to interpret the Chinese people and the city of Shanghai from a cultural perspective, and let Chinese residents to understand Shanghai and the nation from a civilized perspective. Pollution regulation made Shanghai the first city in modern China to implement overall pollution control and levy environmental protection fees. It also enabled the Chinese to gradually fight for their rights in urban governance. Urban pollution also brought business opportunities; in the highly commercial city of Shanghai, it promoted the development of some industries. The experience of urban pollution and its treatment prompted the people of Shanghai to rethink and re-recognize modern civilization, and also promoted the formation of Shanghai urban community.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.131-150
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• 1998

Main theme of this study is the acceptance phase of western architectural culture in modern east-north asia through a series of actual survey and typological analysis of existing church buildings in modern Korea. China. Japan. For this study, 126 modern church buildings of Korea, China, Japan are selected. Also, main subject of this study has deal with the side of culture - thought which background of christianity acceptance and acceptance mind of acceptance main-body, culture adaptation and transformation based on characteristic culturalization of Korea, China, Japan. Especially, I would consistently tried to see the acceptance phase of western architectural culture according to differential acceptance mind of acceptance main-body based on characteristic culturalization of three countries. Conclusively, in the point of view of western architectural culture acceptance phase, it could be said that Korean church architecture had characterized as a blending phase of the two eclectic architectural culture. And in the case of china, as a coexistance phase of the two architectural culture with more western style-oriented. On the other hand, Japanese church architecture had characterized as a syncretism phase of the both traditional and western architectural culture, though it is eclectic style-oriented. Therefore, it is thought that different acceptance mind of western culture had main factors caused of differential acceptance phase, when the two architectural culture, the traditional and the western, encounters.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2019

In nuclear fusion reactors, the key structural component (i.e., the plasma-facing component) undergoes high heat flux cyclic loading. To ensure the safety of fusion reactors, an experimental study on the temperature-induced creep of stainless steel under heat flux cyclic loading was performed in the present work. The strains were measured using a stereo digital image correlation technique (3D-DIC). The influence of the heat haze was eliminated, owing to the use of a vacuum environment. The specimen underwent heat flux cycles ($500^{\circ}C-1000^{\circ}C$) with different mechanical preloads (0 kN, 10 kN, 30 kN, and 50 kN). The results revealed that, for a relatively large preload (for example, 50 kN), a single temperature cycle can induce a residual strain of up to $15000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$.

• 중국학논총
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• 제65호
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• pp.193-213
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• 2020

Chen Du-xiu, a leading thinker and revolutionist in modern China, is the person who showed an ideological upheaval from liberalism to socialism. He called for personal freedom and the values of the individual, but when he came upon a national crisis and the Russian Revolution succeeded, he converted to socialism. In the process, he combined democracy with ethnicity to lay the foundation for Chinese social democracy. As one of representative thinkers of modern China, he changed his position for Chinese people and Chinese society, and it soon formed the basis of modern Chinese socialism, emphasizing the right to the survival of the people and people's democracy.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

The steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) shows better performance under dynamic loading than conventional concrete in virtue of its good ductility. In this paper, a series of quasi-static experiments were carried out on the SFRC with volume fractions from 0 to 6%. The compressive strength increases by 38% while the tension strength increases by 106% when the fraction is 6.0%. The contact explosion tests were also performed on the ${\Phi}40{\times}6cm$ circular SFRC slabs of different volume fractions with 20 g RDX charges placed on their surfaces. The volume of spalling pit decreases rapidly with the increase of steel fiber fraction with a decline of 80% when the fraction is 6%, which is same as the crack density. Based on the experimental results, the fitting formulae are given, which can be used to predict individually the change tendencies of the blast crater volume, the spalling pit volume and the crack density in slabs with the increase of the steel fiber fraction. The new formulae of the thickness of damage region are established, whose predictions agree well with our test results and others. This is of great practical significance for experimental investigations and engineering applications.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.37-81
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• 2016

This paper aims to use crossover analysis to uncover similarities and differences between the U.S-Japan relationship in the World War II era and the modern U.S-China relationship, and to forecast the possibility of the outbreak of war between U.S and China by applying the steps to war theory. The steps to war theory argues that the probability of the outbreak of war between two states within five years would approach 90 percent, if they have ongoing territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry, and arms race. The comparison exposes some similarities with the territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry, but reveals dissimilarities with arms race. U.S-Japan relationship in the World War II era had the arms race, which does not exist the modern U.S-China Relationship. The result of comparison is that the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China correspond to third stage(Risk Level). it means that the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is 55%. But, There are four elements(① Perception of Leader ② Mutual dependence of economy ③ Possession of nuclear weapon ④ Ravages of war) that reduce the probability for the Outbreak of War. Considering the four elements, the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is a slim chance. But the probability for the Outbreak of War between U.S and China is excluded because of territorial dispute, alliance, rivalry. So, This paper suggests three points.(① Developing military options ② Reducing the misconception of intend, ③ Promoting navy exchanges) to prevent of Outbreak of War.