• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2005

미국항공우주국은 지구 관측 시스템(EOS) 프로그램의 일환으로 1999년에 Terra를 2001년에 Aqua 인공위성을 발사하였다. MODIS는 EOS의 핵심 원격 탐사 센서로서 육상 생태계의 식물계절학과 물질 순환 모니터링을 위한 8일 단위의 엽면적지수(LAI), 유효 광합성 광량 중 식생에 흡수된 비율(FPAR), 총 일차 생산성(GPP) 영상을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서 우리나라를 대상으로 식생형에 따른 $2001\sim2003$년 간의 MODIS LAI, FPAR, GPP를 분석하였으며, 구름 영향에 의한 각 영상의 오차를 평가하였다. 분석 결과 연간 GPP는 침엽수림 1,836, 활엽수림 1,369, 혼효림 1460g C $m^{-2}y^{-1}$로 나타났으며, 각 변수에서 구름에 의해 야기된 오차는 FPAR 8.5, LAI 13.1, GPP 8.4%에 달하는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 GPP의 경우 6월에서 9월까지의 오차가 연간 오차의 78%를 설명하는 것으로 나타나, 몬순기후가 MODIS 영상의 오차에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 MODIS식생 관련 영상들이 우리나라의 식물계절학과 일파 생산성 모니터링에 유용하게 사용될 수 있으며, 이들 영상을 사용하기에 앞서 구름 영향 오차를 감쇄하는 영상의 전처리 과정을 수행할 필요가 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1999

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. Various periodontal procedures have been used throughout the years in an attempt to reestablish attachment of periodontal tissues to root surfaces affected by periodontitis. Flap debridement surgery has been demonstrated to be a successful procedure in gaining the probing attachment level and reducing probing depth. A tendency towards impaired wound healing following periodontal procedures in smokers has been clinically documented. But, previous clinical studies on healing response in smokers are based on a retrospective design. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery in smokers compared to nonsmokers. 25 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were included for study. Among these patients, 13 patients were smokers, and 12 patients were nonsmokers. Mucoperiosteal flap was raised with the sulcular incision. No antibiotic treatment was administered postsurgery. The patients was recalled at monthly intervals during a period of 6 months following the surgery. The patients were received supragingival scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement. All the recordings, including modified O' Leary plaque control record, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level,were recorded, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. The changes of all the recordings at 6 months after flap debridement surgery revealed the following results: 1. PI on all the dentitions and surgical sites showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers at presurgery. But, smokers demonstrated a significantly lower % of PI than nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 2. Smokers demonstrated a greater % of BOP sites than nonsmokers on the surgical sites and all the dentitions, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. But, there was no statistical significance between two groups. 3. Smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth in the 3 mm or less probing pocket depth(PPD) group, 6mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 4. Smokers exhibited significantly less gain of probing attachment level(PAL) in the 3mm or less PPD group, 6 mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of body composition, biochemical index level, resting metabolic rate and daily activities by the public health center's health-promoted program in overweight middle aged women. The workout program of 12 subjects constituted by exercise(aerobic exercise & resistance training) and nutritional education for 10 weeks. As the results, there was a significant decrease in all the weight(59.0$\pm$8.9 vs 57.2$\pm$8.3kg, p<0.05), body fat percentage(33.4$\pm$4.3 vs 30.5$\pm$4.5%, p<0.05) and body fat mass(19.8$\pm$5.4 vs 17.7$\pm$4.9kg, p<0.05) after program. Fat free mass and RMR which tend to be higher after than before program were found not to be significantly. In addition, the serum HDL-cholesterol(54.3$\pm$8.1 vs 59.7$\pm$13.9mg/dl, p<0.05) and TG level(65.2$\pm$418 vs 89.4$\pm$65.6mg/dl, p<0.05) of the subjects increased at the end of the study significantly and significant correlation found between total-cholesterol and TG before program. When the other laboratory parameter were compared before and after program, hematocrit(35.1$\pm$3.3 vs 39.7$\pm$3.3%, p<0.001), platelet(225.9$\pm$49.6 vs 244.3$\pm$49.7cell/ul, p<0.05) and fasting glucose(88.0$\pm$6.5 vs 76.6$\pm$9.7mg/dl, p<0.001) increased significantly but hemoglobin(13.3$\pm$1.3 vs 12.9$\pm$1.3mg/dl, p<0.01) decreased. And in activities analysis, 'moderate activity(18.8 vs 5.8minutes, p<0.05)' clearly showed a significant decrease but 'severe activity(17.7 vs 11.4minutes, p<0.05)' showed a increase. These results suggest that continuous health-promoted program involved exercise and nutritional education at the public health center are effective to reduce body fat and to improve resting metabolic rate(RMR). Further research is required to develop more effective public health program for the middle aged women in community.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

본 연구는 기본간호술 수행자신감과 심폐소생술 관련 융합적 요인들의 상관관계를 알아보고 간호대학생을 대상으로 응급상황에서의 심폐소생술 수행 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 수행된 연구로서 BLS와 핵심기본간호술을 교육받은 간호학과 재학생을 대상으로 하였다. 자료는 2018년 1월부터 2018년 3월까지 수집되었다. 연구분석은 SPSS(ver. 24.0)을 이용하여 Independent t-test, Pearson's correlation과 Logistic regression을 사용하였다. 연구결과 심폐소생술관련 변수들 사이에서는 중간 이상의 높은 상관관계가(r=.575~.738) 확인되었으며, 자동제세동기 활용의 경우 기본간호술 자신감, 심폐소생술 자신감, 숙련도, 자기효능감과 낮은 상관관계가 확인되었다(r=.163~.301). 핵심기본간호술과 심폐소생술 관련 변수들 간에는 중간정도의 상관관계(r=.415~453)가 확인되었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 심폐소생술 자기효능감과 (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07~1.38) 자동제세동기 활용이 (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.09~2.75) 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 전반적인 간호술기 능력 향상이 심폐소생술 술기 능력향상과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었고, 심폐소생술에서 주요 사용 도구인 자동제세동기와 상관관계가 있으므로 이에 대한 자기효능감 증진과 실제상황에서 심폐소생술과 밀접한 관련이 있는 자동제세동기 사용을 교육의 필수요소로 포함시키는 노력이 필요하다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.618-622
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• 2004

플로라이드, 설파이드 및 셀레나이드 유리에 각각 첨가된 홀뮴 이온의 $^{5}$ I$_{5}$ \$\longrightarrow$$^{5}$ I$_{7}$ 전자천이에 기인하는 1.6$\mu$m 형광의 여기 스펙트럼을 $^{5}$ I$_{5}$ 준위가 위치하는 ∼900nm 대역에서 측정하였다. $^{5}$ $F_{1}$ 준위로의 상향전이가 발생하는 특정 파장대역에서 1.6$\mu$m발광의 여기효율이 감소하는 현상이 플로라이드 및 설파이드 유리에서 관찰되었으나 셀레나이드 유리에서는 $^{5}$ I$_{8}$ \$\longrightarrow$$^{5}$ I$_{5}$ 흡수 스펙트럼과 여기 스펙트럼의 모양이 유사하였으며, 이러한 현상은 각 비정질 유전체 재료의 광학적 비선형성과 단파장쪽 투과단의 차이에 기인한다. 한편, Tb$^{3+}$ , Dy$^{3+}$ , Eu$^{3+}$ 또는 N$d^{3+}$ 이온을 공동 첨가함으로써 $^{5}$ I$_{7}$ 준위의 형광수명을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있으나 Eu$^{3+}$ 이온을 제외한 나머지 공동 첨가제는 기저상태 흡수를 통하여 1.6 $\mu$m 대역에서의 흡수 손실을 크게 한다. 따라서 형광수명 감소 효과가 Tb$^{3+}$ 이온보다 크지는 않지만 추가적인 흡수 손실이 없는 Eu$^{3+}$ 이온이 공동 첨가제로 더 적합하다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2017

Background: Large-scale land-use change is being caused by various socioeconomic problems. Land-use change is necessarily accompanied by changes in the regional carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems and affects climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the correlation between environmental factors altered by land-use change and the carbon balance. To address this issue, we studied the characteristics of soil carbon flux and soil moisture content related to rainfall events in mountain pastures converted from deciduous forest in Korea. Results: The average soil moisture contents (SMC) during the study period were 23.1% in the soil respiration (SR) plot and 25.2% in the heterotrophic respiration (HR) plot. The average SMC was increased to 2.1 and 1.1% in the SR and HR plots after rainfall events, respectively. In addition, saturated water content was 29.36% in this grassland. The soil water content was saturated under the consistent rainfall of more than $5mm\;h^{-1}$ rather than short-term heavy rainfall event. The average SR was increased to 28.4% after a rainfall event, but the average HR was decreased to 70. 1%. The correlation between soil carbon flux rates and rainfall was lower than other environmental factors. The correlation between SMC and soil carbon flux rates was low. However, HR exhibited a tendency to be decreased when SMC was 24.5%. In addition, the correlation between soil temperature and respiration rate was significant. Conclusions: In a mountain pasture ecosystem, rainfall induced the important change of soil moisture content related to respiration in soil. SR and HR were very sensitive to change of SMC in soil surface layer about 0-10-cm depth. SR was increased by elevation of SMC due to a rainfall event, and the result was assumed from maintaining moderate soil moisture content for respiration in microorganism and plant root. However, HR was decreased in long-time saturated condition of soil moisture content. Root has obviously contributed to high respiration in heavy rainfall, but it was affected to quick depression in respiration under low rainfall. The difference of SMC due to rainfall event was causative of a highly fluctuated soil respiration rate in the same soil temperature condition. Therefore, rainfall factor or SMC are to be considered in predicting the soil carbon flux of grassland ecosystems for future climate change.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of laser irradiation on the exposed pulp and the possibility of direct pulp capping with the $CO_2$ laser. Results were obtained from the observation of the residual pulpal healing process. Class V cavities on 48 anterior teeth from 8 adult dogs were prepared and pulp chambers were intentionally opened with dental explorer. The control group consisted of 16 teeth. $Dycal^{(R)}$(Caulk Co., U.S.A.) was applied to exposed site once bleeding was stopped. Cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 1 (16 teeth), laser(LASERSAT $CO_2^{(R)}$, Satelec Co.) was irradiated on the exposed pulp. The laser procedure followed the manufacturers recommendations for the treatment of human pulp(1.5 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 2 (16 teeth), laser was irradiated on the exposed pulp in a more powerful dosage(5.0 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. Two dogs were sacrificed immediately after experiment and the others were sacrificed at intervals of one, three, and eight weeks respectively. All teeth were routinely processed and the pulpal tissues and odontoblastic layers were observed by the light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. In the control group, the initial mild inflammation had improved to normal by week eight. An active formation of reparative dentin was observed at week three, and at week eight, a firm dentin bridge was present beneath the $Dycal^{(R)}$ with no inflammatory responses in the remaining pulp. 2. In the experimental group 1, immediately following irradiation, the superficial shape of the exposed pulp was crater-like. And it was lined with the coagulated layer, $60{\sim}70{\mu}m$ in width. Moderate inflammatory pulpal conditions existing at week one were improved to mild at week eight. And from the week three specimens, a reparative dentin formation was observed in the adjacent odontoblastic layer of the exposed site. A dentin bridge at the exposed site, however, did not form during the experimental period. 3. In the experimental group 2, the width of the coagulation layer lining the crater was $70{\sim}130{\mu}m$. Beneath the coagulated layer, severe inflammatory pulpal responses were observed at week one, and conditions did not improve during the experimental period.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

새로운 우식 활성 비색 검사인 $Cariview^{(R)}$는 새로운 pH 지시약을 사용해서 치태 세균의 산 생산 능력을 더 잘 반영할 수 있다. 본 연구는 소아에서 $Cariview^{(R)}$와 치아 우식 경험(dmft index)과의 상관성을 평가하고, $Cariview^{(R)}$를 Dentocult $SM^{(R)}$과 비교할 목적으로 수행되었다. 만5세 이하 135명의 소아를 대상으로 dmft를 기록했으며, $Cariview^{(R)}$와 Dentocult $SM^{(R)}$ 두 가지 우식 활성 검사를 제조사 지시에 따라 시행하였다. 그 결과, $Cariview^{(R)}$는 소아의 치아 우식 경험과 중등도의 상관관계를 보였다(r = 0.43, p < 0.01). 치아 우식증 예측에 있어 $Cariview^{(R)}$는 민감도 68.8%, 특이도 69.2%, ROC 곡선 분석의 곡선하면적(AUC) 0.686으로 Dentocult $SM^{(R)}$에 비해 양호한 수치를 보였다. $Cariview^{(R)}$는 비협조적인 어린이에게도 시행이 쉽고 편리하며 시각적인 색상으로 나타나 구강위생교육 도구로서 가치가 있다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제55권
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• pp.341-364
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• 2003

본 연구는 청소년의 인터넷 섹스중독의 정도와 심리사회적 특성들을 살펴보고, 이들 특성들이 인터넷 섹스중독과 어떠한 관계에 있는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 중 고등학생 1,742명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 연구대상 청소년의 1.3%가 심각한 중증중독 상태에 있고, 2.3%는 중등도중독 상태에 있으며, 4.2%는 경미한 중독 상태에 있어 전체 청소년의 7.8%가 인터넷 섹스에 중독된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인터넷 섹스중독의 정도는 중학생이 가장 높았고, 그 다음 실업계 고등학생이며, 인문계 고등학생이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년이 남학생일수록, 자기통제력이 낮을수록, 부부관계가 나쁠수록, 가족지지와 친구지지가 낮을수록 인터넷 섹스에 더 많이 중독되는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 인터넷 섹스에 중독된 청소년들이 일반이용 청소년들에 비해 정신과적 증상을 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 청소년들의 인터넷 섹스중독이 심할수록 정신과적 증상이 심해졌으며, 인터넷 섹스중독은 특히 공포불안에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 인터넷 섹스중독 정도가 심할수록 정신과적 증상 T-score가 높아졌으며, 임상적 정신병리를 경험하는 T-score 70점 이상인 청소년들은 9개 증상차원에 따라 10.9%에서 45.2%까지 높게 나타났다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of rehabilitation programs on functional performance of the lower extremities and whether additional therapeutic exercise with routine rehabilitative therapy improves functional performance more than just routine rehabilitative therapy by it self for inpatients who have suffered a stroke with below moderate severity within 3 to 6 months after the onset of the stroke. Fifty-eight subjects were divided into two groups. Group I was given routine rehabilitative therapy and group II was given additional therapeutic exercise along with the routine rehabilitative therapy. Each group received 6 weeks of rehabilitation. The timed get-up and go test (TUG), the Fugl-Meyer score (FMS), functional independence measure (FIM), functional reach (FR), gait velocity (GV), and the strength of knee extensor and flexor were selected to measure effect of rehabilitation programs. The main results were measured and analysed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after the start of the rehabilitation programs. The results revealed that all of functional performance of the lower extremities in 3 weeks after the start of the rehabilitation programs were significantly improved compared with before the rehabilitation programs in both groups. In 6 weeks, TUG, FIM, FR, GV, and the strength of knee extensor in group I, TUG, FMS, FIM, FR, GV, and the strength of knee extensor and flexor in group II were significantly improved compared with the results after 3 weeks. At 3 weeks after rehabilitation programs, group II made significantly greater gains in TUG, FR, GV, and the strength of the knee flexor compared to the group I. At 6 weeks, group II made significantly greater gains in TUG, FR, GV, and the strength of the knee extensor and flexor compared to the group I. In conclusion, rehabilitation programs for stroke patients within 3 to 6 months after stroke onset significantly contributed to improve functional performance of the lower extremities. It is desirable for improvement of functional performance of the lower extremities to perform additional exercise with routine rehabilitative therapy.