• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.91-104
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• 2008

This study notes the growing importance of online community as a means of building customer relationships. The author aims to identify how to communicate in an online community on preannounced new products, and test social influence that influence word-of-mouth of consumers, and confirm moderate effect of market maven between social influence and word-of-mouth activity in on-line community. The main findings are that social influence such as internalization and conformity positively influence word-of-mouth communication on online community. And moderate effect of market maven confirm between social influence(internalization and confirmity) and word-of-mouth activity.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-43
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• 2014

This paper investigate relationship between job burnout, social support and knowledge creation, sharing. also, social support are moderate on the relationship between job burnout and knowledge creation, sharing. We build up main effect and moderating effect hypothesis. To test hypothesis, survey method are performed. The results are as follows. first, emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment have negative effects on knowledge creation, but haven't effect on knowledge sharing. second, social support significant positively impact on knowledge creation and sharing. third, both of supervisor' support and coworker's support partially moderate the relationship between job burnout and knowledge creation, sharing. especially, emotional exhaustion reduce supervisor' support to knowledge creation, sharing and low personal accomplishment reduce co-worker' support to knowledge sharing, which means although job burnout preceded, if employees perceived high level of social support that have buffering effects on the relationships.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and service on consumers' risk perception, which ultimately influences satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology: This study adopted experimental scenario questionnaires: 2 CSR conditions (with and without CSR) and 2 service outcomes (successful and unsuccessful). Multiple regressions were conducted to examine hypotheses. A total of 217 responses were gathered for research analysis. Results: The results of this study found that the performance risk perception and satisfaction of consumers were affected by both CSR and service. CSR was not found, however, to have a moderating effect on performance risk perception or satisfaction. Additionally, performance risk perception affected consumer satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that consumers respond to the conditions of company's CSR and service outcomes when they stay at hotels. Findings of this study suggest service outcomes and CSR had an effect on performance risk perception and satisfaction, although CSR did not moderate the effect of service outcomes for both performance risk perception or satisfaction. Therefore, providing satisfactory customer service and undertaking CSR activities are critical to achieving consumers' overall satisfaction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2024

Stroke is one of the most common disabilities experienced by the elderly in the community. However, stroke progresses to a chronic level, patients are discharged from medical institutions and eventually no longer receive therapeutic interventions at home. In this systematic review, we compared home-based rehabilitation (HBR) with comparison for patients with stroke. Literature published in Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, and Google Scholar were reviewed. A total of 1,158 studies were initially retrieved. After reading the full texts, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0, and Egger's regression test was used to evaluate publication bias. Data analysis was performed using the R studio software (R Studio). According to the quality assessment using RoB 2.0, three studies were evaluated as low risk, two as of some concern, and three as high risk. The overall effect size was moderate (0.309). The value of the balance function was a small effect size (0.201), while the value of the gait function was a moderate effect size (0.353). The values were small and moderate effect (0.154, 0.411) for the chronic and subacute conditions, respectively. According to the Egger's regression test, no publication bias was observed. The findings of this study indicate that HBR resulted in the greatest improvement in gait function in patients with subacute stroke compared to those with chronic stroke. Therefore, the application of this intervention to patients with stroke in the community is recommended.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-137
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of emotional intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. To achieve this research purpose, theoretical and empirical studies related to transformational leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, and emotional intelligence were carried out simultaneously. A field survey was undertaken through questionnaire sampling a population of public organization in Chungchungnamdo. The established hypotheses related to transformational leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, and emotional intelligence were verified by the hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS. The result of this research are as followers : First, hypothesis1 proposed that emotional intelligence will be moderate the effect of charisma on organizational citizenship behavior. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that moderation term was insignificant. The interaction term for charisma and emotional intelligence had a insignificant and positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, hypothesis1 was not supported by the data. Second. hypothesis2 stated that emotional intelligence will be moderate the effects of inspirational motivation on organizational citizenship behavior. Hypothesis2 The result of the hierarchical regression analysis show a insignificant interaction between inspirational motivation and emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, hypothesis2 was not supported by the data. Third, hypothesis3 stated that emotional intelligence will moderate the effect of intellectual stimulation on organizational citizenship behavior. The result of the hierarchical regression analysis show a significant interaction between intellectual stimulation and emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, hypothesis3 was supported by the data. Fourth, hypothesis4 proposed that emotional intelligence will moderate effect of individualized consideration on organizational citizenship behavior. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction term for individualized consideration and emotional intelligence had a significant and positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, hypothesis4 was supported by the data. This study revealed that emotional intelligence moderate the relationship between intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and organizational citizenship behavior. It concludes that organizational citizenship behavior varies with coalignment of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.850-853
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• 1999

Angus postweaning daily gain (PWDG) was analyzed to investigate effects of the heterogeneous variance and the genotypes by sex interaction on prediction of EBVs with data sets of various environmental levels. A whole data (16,239 records) was divided into six data sets according to averages of the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of herd environment. The results comparing prediction models showed that single-trait model is adequate for most of the data sets except for the data set of poor environment for both of the bulls and the heifers where the heterogeneity of variance and the genotypes by sex interaction exists. In the prediction with the data set of the low environment level, the bull's EBVs by single-trait models had high product moment correlations with male EBVs of the bulls by the multitrait model. Whereas the heifer's EBVs had moderate correlations with female EBVs by the multitrait model. This moderate correlation seems to be resulted by the heterogeneity of variance and low heritability of the heifer's PWDG. The prediction models with heterogeneity of variance had little effect on the prediction of EBVs for the data sets with moderate to high genetic correlations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of protective effectness of swimming exercise and Gastrodia elata blume oral administration against beta-cell damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. The animals were divided into five groups: the normal group(n=10), the STZ-induced diabetes group(n=10), the STZ-induced diabetes and moderate-intensity exercise group(n=10), the STZ-induced diabetes Gastrodia elata blume(300 mg/kg) oral administration group(n=10), the STZ-induced diabetes and moderate-intensity exercise and Gastrodia elata blume(300 mg/kg) oral administration group(n=10). Animals in the exercise groups were made to swim moderate swimming exercise protocols once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Serum glucose concentration and insulin level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in serum. Swimming exercise and Gastrodia elata blume extract administration has shown anti-diabetic effect probably through decreasing serum glucose and insulin level and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 1989

To evaluate the differences of the levels and sources of protein intake human protein metabolism, an 26-day metabolic balance study was conducted in 10 healthy Korean adult females. In the pre-study, the subjects recorded their own diets for 3 days. The metabolic balance study consisted of 6-day adaptation period, 10-day moderate protein period(60-65g/d) and 10-day high protein period(90-95g/d). During the moderate and high protein period, 5 subjects were fed the higher animal protein meals and the other 5 subjects were fed the high plant protein meals. Body weight, nitrogen balance and blood chemistries were monitored through out the study. The urine volume were sighificantly larger in the animal protein group and, the dietary fiber and fecal weights were significantly heavier in the plant protein diet group. But no statistically significant differences were found between the two dietary groups in apparent nitrogen digestability, urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen balance. Body weight, serum protein, albumin and HDL-cholesterol levels were not changed, but serum total cholesterol level in the animal protein diet group was elevated significantly from 143.8mg/dl on moderate potein diet to 173.0mg/dl on high proetin diet. In conclusion, from the observation of this short-term N balance study, plant diet on the adequate level of calorie and protein intake had almost the same effect of animal protein diet for protein maintenace in adults.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to analyze the characteristics and effect size of intervention studies that used acupressure for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Methods: Nine electronic databases including Korea Education Research and Information, the National Assembly Library, KISS, Korea Med, NDSL, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane library, and OVID (to December, 2009) were searched. Thirteen studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were selected. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Overall effect size of acupressure was moderate (0.684). Nausea had a moderate effect size (0.770) and nausea and vomiting had a high effect size (0.899). Acupressure using sticker needles had a high effect size (1.368) among finger acupressure, si-acupuncture, and wrist band treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that acupressure using sticker needles on the spots of nei-guan, chok-samni and hap-kok can reduce the levels of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. For improving the reliability of the meta-analysis results, further randomized controlled trials with better study methodology are needed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.125-143
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• 2005

This study investigates that the relationship of performance appraisal justice and employee's job satisfaction and whether appraisal outcome perception can significantly take the moderate role on this relationship. We conduct empirical study with one dimension of distributive justice and 5 dimensions of procedural justice; appraisal system, participation of employee, feedback, knowledge of rater, and appraisal standard. The result shows that distributive and procedural justice significantly explain employees' job satisfaction. The result, also, shows that moderate role of appraisal outcome perception is significant. This means if the employee who regards appraisal outcome as high perceive appraisal justice, she/he will experience more job satisfaction than the employee who regards appraisal outcome as low.