• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.187-216
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of elderly care facility social workers' work environment (role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, and adequacy of the reward system) and personal tendency (emotional empathy, cognitive empathy, external attribution, and internal attribution) on their burnout (emotional burnout, low personal achievement, and depersonalization about clients) and suggested strategies for preventing burnout in social workers at elderly care facilities. For this purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey of social workers working at institutions designated as elderly long-term care facilities and collected a total of 312 questionnaires. According to the results of analyzing the data using a structural equation model, among the sub-factors of work environment, role ambiguity had a significant positive effect on low personal achievement and depersonalization about clients, role conflict on emotional burnout, and role overload on depersonalization about clients. Among the sub-factors of personal tendency, cognitive empathy and internal attribution had a significant negative effect on low personal achievement, and external attribution had a significant positive effect on emotional burnout and depersonalization about clients. This study is meaningful in that it illuminated social workers' burnout not only from the aspect of work environment but also from that of personal tendency.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.309-334
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• 2010

This study explores gender mechanism of welfare politics in Korea from the perspective of welfare status theory. In the simplistic analysis, it is found that there is no gender difference in welfare attitudes. In the more sophisticated analysis of welfare-status-beased SEM, however, it is found that Korean welfare politics is to be understood in terms of gender-related politics. Three major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, Korean women possess less pro-welfare attitudes in terms of the status of welfare beneficiary. This is due to the visible gender segregation in the Korean labor market on the one hand and due to the centrality of social insurance programs in the structure of Korean public welfare system on the other hand. Secondly, Korean women have relatively higher level of pro-welfare attitude when it comes to the status of welfare service provider. Thirdly, Korean women tend to be more supportive to pro-welfare parties as they have less chance to be a higher taxpayer. Based on the above mentioned findings, this study concludes that it is possible to make Korean women be more pro-welfare if the Korean welfare state expands more social services that tend to meet urgent needs of women.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2012

Oxygen is the final acceptor of electron transport from fat and carbohydrate oxidation, which is the rate-limiting factor for cellular ATP production. Under altitude hypoxia condition, energy reliance on anaerobic glycolysis increases to compensate for the shortfall caused by reduced fatty acid oxidation [1]. Therefore, training at altitude is expected to strongly influence the human metabolic system, and has the potential to be designed as a non-pharmacological or recreational intervention regimen for correcting diabetes or related metabolic problems. However, most people cannot accommodate high altitude exposure above 4500 M due to acute mountain sickness (AMS) and insulin resistance corresponding to a increased levels of the stress hormones cortisol and catecholamine [2]. Thus, less stringent conditions were evaluated to determine whether glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity could be improved by moderate altitude exposure (below 4000 M). In 2003, we and another group in Austria reported that short-term moderate altitude exposure plus endurance-related physical activity significantly improves glucose tolerance (not fasting glucose) in humans [3,4], which is associated with the improvement in the whole-body insulin sensitivity [5]. With daily hiking at an altitude of approximately 4000 M, glucose tolerance can still be improved but fasting glucose was slightly elevated. Individuals vary widely in their response to altitude challenge. In particular, the improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by prolonged altitude hiking activity is not apparent in those individuals with low baseline DHEA-S concentration [6]. In addition, hematopoietic adaptation against altitude hypoxia can also be impaired in individuals with low DHEA-S. In short-lived mammals like rodents, the DHEA-S level is barely detectable since their adrenal cortex does not appear to produce this steroid [7]. In this model, exercise training recovery under prolonged hypoxia exposure (14-15% oxygen, 8 h per day for 6 weeks) can still improve insulin sensitivity, secondary to an effective suppression of adiposity [8]. Genetically obese rats exhibit hyperinsulinemia (sign of insulin resistance) with up-regulated baseline levels of AMP-activated protein kinase and AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle compared to lean rats. After prolonged hypoxia training, this abnormality can be reversed concomitant with an approximately 50% increase in GLUT4 protein expression. Additionally, prolonged moderate hypoxia training results in decreased diffusion distance of muscle fiber (reduced cross-sectional area) without affecting muscle weight. In humans, moderate hypoxia increases postprandial blood distribution towards skeletal muscle during a training recovery. This physiological response plays a role in the redistribution of fuel storage among important energy storage sites and may explain its potent effect on changing body composition. Conclusion: Prolonged moderate altitude hypoxia (rangingfrom 1700 to 2400 M), but not acute high attitude hypoxia (above 4000 M), can effectively improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance for humans and antagonizes the obese phenotype in animals with a genetic defect. In humans, the magnitude of the improvementvaries widely and correlates with baseline plasma DHEA-S levels. Compared to training at sea-level, training at altitude effectively decreases fat mass in parallel with increased muscle mass. This change may be associated with increased perfusion of insulin and fuel towards skeletal muscle that favors muscle competing postprandial fuel in circulation against adipose tissues.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-96
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• 2012

The main studying problem of this study is to develop the scale which examines awareness of singleness for Korean men and women. So, firstly, study 1 fulfilled open survey related to condition for solitary life, its strengths and weaknesses and factors disturbing it for 490 unmarried and married people (244 men and 246 women) who are living in Seoul and capital area. And then, content analysis and category analysis were analyzed for their responses. As the result, each questionnaire was divided into economic aspect, relative aspect, characteristic aspect, eco related aspect, family aspect and social system aspect. Study 2 organized questionnaires for condition for solitary life, its strengths and weaknesses based on the material obtained in study 1 and then, exploratory factor analysis was conducted for total 800 adults (400 men and 400 women) who are living in Seoul, capital area, Incheon and Chungnam. As the result, the condition for solitary life extracted 5 factors including ego-maturity factor (24 questionnaires, total explanation quantity: 61.7%), strengths of solitary life extracted 6 factors including self-growth factor(29 questionnaires, total explanation quantity: 61.4 %) and weaknesses of solitary life extracted 6 factors including solitary factor(31questionnaires, total explanation quantity: 64.75 %). For verifying the suitability of the factor structure, as the result of conducting confirmatory factor analysis for 400 people (200 men and 200 women), the suitability of awareness scale model of men and women on singleness was verified. Those results were discussed from the aspect of variables and phenomenon related to singleness and marriage of Korean society.

• Implantology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-138
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of a series of studies on tissue regeneration conducted in multiple institutions including the Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University. Materials and Methods: Studies were performed divided into the following three subjects; 1) Development of three-dimensional nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold for facilitating drug release and cell adhesion. 2) Synergistic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) application simultaneously with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on HA scaffolds. 3) The efficacy of silk scaffolds coated with n-HA. Also, all results were analyzed by subjects. Results: Hollow hydroxyapatite spherical granules were found to be a useful tool for the drug release and avidin-biotin binding system for cell attachment. Also, BMMSC simultaneously with PRP applied in an animal bone defect model was seen to be more synergistic than in the control group. But, the efficacy of periodontal ligament cells and dental pulp cells with silk scaffolds could not be confirmed in the initial phase of bone healing. Conclusion: The ideal combination of three elements of tissue engineering-scaffolds, cells and signaling molecules could be substantiated due to further investigations with the potentials and limitations of the suggested list of studies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.58.1-59
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• 2021

Exploration of asteroids' internal structure is essential for understanding their evolutional history. It also provides a fundamental information about the history of coalescence and collision of the solar system. Among several models of the internal structures, the rubble-pile model, confirmed by the near-Earth asteroid (25143) Itokawa by Hayabusa mission [1], is now widely regarded as the most common to asteroids with size ranging from 200 m to 10 km [2]. On the contrary, monolithic and core-mantle structures are also possible for small asteroids [3]. It is, however, still challenging to look through the interior of a target object using remote-sensing devices. In this presentation, we introduce our ongoing research conducted at Seoul National and propose an idea to infer the internal structure of Apophis using available instruments. Itokawa's research provides an important benchmark for Apophis exploration because both asteroids have similar size and composition [4][5]. We have conducted research on Itokawa's evolution in terms of collision and space weathering. Space weathering is the surface alteration process caused by solar wind implantation and micrometeorite bombardment [6]. Meanwhile, resurfacing via a collision acts as a counter-process of space weathering by exposing fresh materials under the matured layer and lower the overall degree of space weathering. Therefore, the balance of these two processes determine the space weathering degrees of the asteroid. We focus on the impact evidence on the boulder surface and found that space weathering progresses in only 100-10,000 years and modifies the surface optical properties (Jin & Ishiguro, KAS 2020 Fall Meeting). It is important to note that the timescale is significantly shorter than the Itokawa's age, suggesting that the asteroid can be totally processed by space weathering. Accordingly, our result triggers a further discussion about why Itokawa indicates a moderately fresh spectrum (Sq-type denotes less matured than S-type). For example, Itokawa's smooth terrains show a weaker degree of space weathering than other S-type asteroids [7]. We conjecture that the global seismic shaking caused by collisions with >1 mm-sized interplanetary dust particles induces granular convection, which hinders the progression of space weathering [8]. Note that the efficiency of seismic wave propagation is strongly dependent on the internal structure of the asteroid. Finally, we consider possible approaches to investigate Apophis's internal structure. The first idea is studying the space weathering age, as conducted for Itokawa. If Apophis indicates a younger age, the internal structure would have more voids [9]. In addition, the 2029 close encounter with Earth provides a rare natural opportunity to witness the contrast between before and after the event. If the asteroid exhibits a slight change in shape and space weathering degree, one can determine the physical structure of the internal materials (e.g., rubble-pile monolithic, thick or thin regolith layer, the cohesion of the materials). We will also consider a possible science using a seismometer.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.167-180
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to explore the factors that influence the health care utilization of disabled workers who returned to their original workplace after an occupational accident. The study sample consisted of 457 workers who suffered from occupational accidents and were rated as disabled based on the data from the PSWCI in 2021. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSS WIN 26.0. The study findings revealed that the number of outpatient visits was affected by factors such as daily wage payment, economic status, physical activity limitations, subjective health status, and chronic diseases. Moreover, health care expenditures were determined by factors such as having a caregiver for daily living, burn injuries, and physical activity limitations. Therefore, to increase the accessibility of health care utilization for disabled workers, the role of nurses in the workplace should be expanded, employers should include a health care utilization plan when developing a return-to-work plan, and research on the introduction of a paid sick leave system that allows workers to rest when they are sick is needed. It is also necessary to alleviate the economic burden by increasing the coverage of benefits for burn and rehabilitation treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.760-769
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• 2023

A numerical simulations were performed to investigate the storm surge during the passage of Typhoon Maemi on the coast of Busan. The typhoon landed on the southern coasts of Korean Peninsula at 21:00, September 12, 2003 with a central pressure of 950 hPa, and the typhoon resulted on the worst coastal disaster on the coast of Busan in the last decades. Observed storm surges at Busan, Yeosu, Tongyoung, Masan, Jeju and Seogwipo harbors during the passage of the typhoon were compared with the computed data. The simulated storm surge time series were in good agreement with the observations. The simulated peak storm surges were estimated to be 230 cm at Masan harbor, 200 cm at Yeosu harbor and Tongyoung harbor, and 75 cm at Busan harbor. The computed storm surges along the east coast of Busan measure 52 to 55 cm, exhibiting a gradual reduction in surge height as one moves further from the coast of Busan. Therefore, coastal inundation due to the storm surge in the semi-enclosed bay can induce great disasters, and the simulated results can be used as the important data to reduce the impact of a typhoon-induced coastal disaster in the future.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.3-39
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• 2023

With the growing importance of information/information system, information security is emphasized, and the significance of information security audit as a tool for maintaining the proper security level is increasing as well. The objectives of the study are to identify the overall research trends and to propose future research areas by analyzing domestic and overseas research in the area. To achieve the objectives, 103 research papers were analyzed based on both general and subject-related criteria. The following are the major research results : In terms of research approach, more empirical studies are needed; For subject "Auditor," studies to develop a framework for related variables (e.g., capability) are needed; For subject "Audit Activities/Procedures," future research should focus on the process/results of detailed audit activities; Future domestic research for "Audit Areas" should look for the new technology/industry/security areas covered by foreign studies; For "Audit Objective/Impact," studies to define the variables (e.g., performance and quality) systematically and comprehensively are needed; For "Audit Standard/Guidelines," research on model/guideline needs to be continued.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

Cyberattack technology is evolving to an unpredictable degree, and it is a situation that can happen 'at any time' rather than 'someday'. Infrastructure that is becoming hyper-connected and global due to cloud computing and the Internet of Things is an environment where cyberattacks can be more damaging than ever, and cyberattacks are still ongoing. Even if damage occurs due to external influences such as cyberattacks or natural disasters, intelligent self-recovery must evolve from a cyber resilience perspective to minimize downtime of cyber assets (OS, WEB, WAS, DB). In this paper, we propose an intelligent self-recovery technology to ensure sustainable cyber resilience when cyber assets fail to function properly due to a cyberattack. The original and updated history of cyber assets is managed in real-time using timeslot design and snapshot backup technology. It is necessary to secure technology that can automatically detect damage situations in conjunction with a commercialized file integrity monitoring program and minimize downtime of cyber assets by analyzing the correlation of backup data to damaged files on an intelligent basis to self-recover to an optimal state. In the future, we plan to research a pilot system that applies the unique functions of self-recovery technology and an operating model that can learn and analyze self-recovery strategies appropriate for cyber assets in damaged states.