• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

To investigate secondary carbonaceous species within PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ in Seoul urban Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea. atmospheric particulate matters samples were collected at two sites of SMA at UOS (The University Of Seoul station) sites and IHU (InHa University of Incheon station) during the period of 4 to 14 January and 12 to 22 May, 11 to 15 August 2004, and their characteristics were qualitatively discussed. during January and May and August of 2004. Daily average mass concentration 0.095 mg/㎥ in PM$_{10}$ and 0.053 mg/㎥ in PM$_{2.5}$ for mass respectively. were observed in SMA. The concentrations of carbonaceous species contributed 18.4% and 16.4% of PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ during the sampling period, respectively, of which OC accounted for 68% and 52% more of the total carbon (TC). OC and EC concentrations and their mass percentages were higher in PM$_{2.5}$ than in PM$_{10}$ which could be attributed to generation process. Organic aerosols would constitute up to 38% of PM$_{2.5}$ based on the evaluation of 1.6 for the ratio of OC to organic particulate. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) were estimated to be more than 13% and up to 68% of total OC based on the minimum OC/EC ratio of 1.06/1.11 using least square method. Comparisons of OC and EC with trace elements. As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle (PM$_{10}$/PM$_{2.5}$) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion etc. during winter time in SMA. But in summer periods, remarkable fine particle increasing factor was secondary organic carbon dependent to photochemical reaction. reaction.n. reaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.287-293
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• 2020

This study is about comparing and analyzing the representative fintech application service, Toss, and Kakaobank from the user's point of view and suggest development according to the main factors of user experience. The experimental group who have used both mobile application was recruited to do a task about deposit and withdrawal service. After the task, an in-depth interview was conducted by reorganizing the "Creating Pleasurable Interface model" by Stephen P. Anderson. Interview questionnaire is based on propensity and feature of generation 2030. As a result of the experiment, the user showed satisfaction with usability and showed different application usage experience depend on financial transaction propensity and money management. Therefore, the application needs features that could grasp the propensity and also service to manage money in everyday life. Based on this study, it is expected to develop be user-based fintech application service in related fields.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

Lossless data embedding is a method to insert information into a host image that guarantees complete restoration when the extraction has been done. In this paper, we propose a noble reversible data embedding algorithm for images in wavelet domain. The proposed embedding technique, which modifies histogram of wavelet coefficient, is composed of two inserting steps. Data is embedded to wavelet coefficient using modification of histogram in first embedding process. Second embedding step compensates the distortion caused by the first embedding process as well as hides more information. Hence we achieve higher inserting capacity. In view of the relationship between the embedding capacity and the PSNR value, our proposed method shows considerably higher performance than the current reversible data embedding methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

Due to strong wind of smartphone, change in human life is facing 21 Century's new revolution. The end of 2012, The record rate of supply of smartphone is up to 58.8 percent. So the reputation of IT power are continuing. Korea is boasting IT infrastructure, and the reputation of IT power with rapidly evolving. But Korea is one of OECD country with the longest working hours and in labor productivity, yet is located in the lower rank. Now, common social issues such as low-carbon, green growth, low birthrate, graying, labor productivity growth, the reduce greenhouse gas is constantly increasing in worldwide. So Smart Work is getting attention as a way to resolve this. In this paper, we study the impact of small business on local economy and the status information of small business on statistical point of view. And we offer the smart work countermeasures of small business through detailed action elements and the model proposed fot driving factor for the promotion of smart work. Through this, we propose the IT system model for The SMEs-type smart work system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1375-1380
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• 2014

SaaS at a cloud computing is a framework to provide a software as a service. Depending on the difference of the tenant and the use, if the service provider re-establish a service, they are required resources In terms of costs and managerial. So we propose a technique for analysis of software structure using the process algebra to reuse existing software. A process algebra analyze the structure of the software, express in different languages and verify that it can be reused. CCS in a process algebra is useful to convert the business process or XML, by using this, we structure a process as process view and propose meta storage for comparison and management a structured document.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.374-377
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• 2015

O2O(Online-to-offline) service is the new commerce system form that mixed information search and payment of products and services from online and receipt of goods from offline. O2O commerce combine advantage of existing electronic commerce and redeem the critical point of each commerce circulation method, but earnings model is still lacking compared to development speed of O2O technology. Therefore this study drew common factor applied to O2O service to search success factor of O2O commerce on the point of view as a customer Centered by existing B2C electronic commerce, Mobile commerce, and service quality model of offline commerce included O2O commerce method. Further we suggest O2O success factor model combined new O2O success factor additionally reflecting qualitative research result based on drew O2O success service Quality factor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2018

Smart Airport which applies the new ICT technologies to the airport is a future airport to provide convenient and safe services for passengers who are airport users, and promote the efficient management of the airport system in point of airport operator's view. The ranges of smart airport include the overall area of the airport like land side, terminal, and air side. In this paper, we propose a technical solution for airport process of terminal providing passenger convenience in various ranges for smart airport realization. Self-service such as web or mobile check-in, self check-in/tagging/back drop/boarding etc. should be strengthened to smartize the airport process and technologies such as automatic immigration, smart security search and automatic AI-based baggage search should be applied. In this paper, we explain the concept of smart airport and smart process, and then propose technical considerations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

This paper proposes a test method for compliance of SMS encoder and decoder modules with 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) specification on SMS PDU (Protocol Data Unit). The existing tools have focused on providing an SMS gateway and on helping to view and edit a single SMS PDU, which rarely help to resolve the compliance test problem. The proposed compliance test method is based on an automatic generation of SMS PDUs fully compliant with the 3GPP specification by using QuickCheck library written in Haskell. By applying the proposed method to a C-based SMS encoder and decoder in Linux Mobile platform, we have found out several critical bugs such as wrong interpretation of time stamps in BCD format. The automatic SMS PDU generator is reusable in that it only depends on the 3GPP SMS specification. The QuickCheck library is also applicable for testing other network protocol data encoders and decoders, as used in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

Location-Based Service(LBS) is a service that provides a variety of convenience in life using location information that can be obtained by mobile communication network or satellite signal. In order to provide LBS precisely and efficiently, we have to need technologies such as location determination technology, platform technology and server technology first. In this study, we studied on how we can reduce the error on location determination of objects such people and things. Fingerprint location determination method was applied to this study because it can be used at current wireless communication infrastructure and less influenced by a variety of noisy environment than other location determination methods. We used the time of arrival(ToA) method in fingerprint location determination method. In order to confirm the performance of suggested method, we developed location determination test program with LAbVIEW 2010 and performed the test. According to indoor test results, the suggested method reduced the distance error by 24%, 34% and 19% respectively at indoor environment compared with deterministic kWNN and Rice Gaussian fingerprint methods.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated interface for the usability test of systems or products in the design process. It is capable of automatically creating GOMS models which can predict human task performances. It can generate GOMS models to be interacted with the prototype interfaces. It can also effectively manage various design information and various usability test results to be implemented into the new product and/or system design. Thus we can perform usability test for products or system prototypes more effectively and also reduce time and effort required for this test. For usability tests, we established an integrated interface based on GOMS model by the LabVIEW program. We constructed the system that the linkage to GOMS model is available. Using this integrated interface, the menu structure of mobile phone can be constructed easily. User can design a depth and a breath that he want. The size of button and the label of the button is changable. The path to the goal can be defined by the user. Using a designed menu structure, the experiment could be performed. The results of GOMS model and the actual time are presented. Besides, values of operators of GOMS model can be defined as the value that user wants. Using the integrated interface that we developed, the optimal menu structure deducted. The menu structure that user wants can be established easily. The optimal layout and button size can be decided by comparison of numerous menu structures. User can choose the method of usability test among GOMS model and empirical data. Using this integrated interface, the time and costs can be saved and the optimal menu structure can be found easily.