• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1986

The studies were carried out to screen the optimum conditions for enzymatic degumming of raw silk yarn and silk fabric by use of Alkalase, a protease produced by Bacteria, comparing with Papain and Trypsin representing natural proteolytic enzymes. 1. The optimum temperature and acidity of degumming solution were 70$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-6 for Papain degumming, 40$^{\circ}C$, pH 8 for Trypsin and 50-60$^{\circ}C$ pH 8-9 for Alkalase. 2. By increasing the Alkalase concentration in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 gram per liter, the time for enzymatic degumming of silk yarn could be reduced by 40 minutes. 3. In degumming of silk yarn by Alkalase, the pretreatment of 95$^{\circ}C$, 10 minutes at 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution or posttreatent of 80$^{\circ}C$, 20 minutes at 2% (o.w.f.) sodium silicate solution improved the efficiency of enzymatic degumming, as compared to that of nontreatment. 4. The breaking strength, elongation and Lousiness results of enzymatically degummed silk yarn were apt to be improved more than those of soap-degummed one. 5. When the pretreatment of alkaline solution was done with over 20% of degumming ratio, the enzymatic degumming efficiency of both Havutae and Crepe de chine could be reached to the same level with those of soap-soda degummed. 6. As the pretreated silk fabric with 20% of degumming ratio was under action of three proteases, respectively, the deumming efficiency of Havutae and Crepe de chine were completed by Alkalase more than by Papain or Trpysin. 7. The stiffness of enzymatically degummed Crepe de chine was not only reduced by 17% more than that of soap-soda degummed one but also the Drape coefficient was decreased in enzymatically degummed fabrics, which was closely related with the soft touch of degummed fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between cement quality(chemical composition, mineral composition, and compressive strength) and amount of waste alternative fuels used in the cement manufacturing process and was investigated. Cement manufacturing facility using coal, soft plastics(plastics that are easily scattered by wind power, such as vinyls), hard plastics(plastics that do not contain foreign substances, waste rubber, PP, etc.) and reclaimed oil was analised. Data was collected for 3 years from 2017 to 2019 and let the amount of fuels used as an independent variable and cement quality data as a dependent variable. As a result, depending on the type and quality of the alternative fuel has not a significant effect on the chemical composition(Cl and LSF) and mineral composition(f-CaO, C3S contents). Contrary to the concern that the compressive strength of cement would decrease, there was a significant positive correlation between amount of alternative fuel used and cement compressive strength.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2012

This study examines the authenticity discrimination of the circulated honey by using stable isotope ratio methods. In the case of domestic honey, the range of ${\delta}^{13}C$ for the samples labeled as pure honey was about -27- -21‰ at the $C_3$ origin, and the range of that for artificial honey was over -19‰ at the $C_4$ origin. The range of ${\delta}^{13}C$ for all imported honey was over -27- -23‰ originating from the $C_3$ plant. According to the nectar-source, ${\delta}^2H$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ for domestic honey were significantly different for 6 and 5 groups, respectively. However, we could not explain the detailed relationship as well as the geographical feature of ${\delta}^2H$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$. The difference for ${\delta}^2H$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ in the wide range of latitude, such as between Australia and Canada, was more or less shown. However, it was difficult to find out the trends of ${\delta}^2H$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ for imported honey versus the geographical information in the similar latitudinal country.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.513-545
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• 2000

I. Introduction Bi(痺) means blocking. It can reach at the joints or muscles or whole body and make pains. Numbness and movement disorders. BiJeung can be devided into SilBi and HeoBi. In SilBi there are PungHanSeupBi, YeolBi and WanBi. In HeoBi, there are GiHyeolHeoBi, EumHeoBi and YangHeoBi. The common principle for the treatment of BiJeung is devision of the chronic stage and the acute stage. In the acute stage, BiJeung is usually cured easily but in the chronic stage, it is difficult. In the terminal stage, BiJeung can reach at the internal organs. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. So I studied ${\ll}Bijeungjujip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision 1. BanSuMun(斑秀文) thought that BiJeung can be cured by blocking of blood stream. So he insisted that the important thing to cure BiJeung is to improve the blood stream. He usually used DangGuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯), DangGuiJakYakSanHapORyeongSan, DoHong-SaMulTang(桃紅四物湯), SaMyoSanHapHeuiDongTang and HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 2. JangGeonBu(張健夫) focused on soothing muscles and improving blood seam. So he used many herbs like WiRyeongSeon(威靈仙), GangHwal(羌活), DokHwal(獨活), WooSeul(牛膝), etc. Especially he pasted wastes of the boiled herbs. 3. OSeongNong(吳聖農) introduced four rules to treat arthritis. So he usually used SeoGak-SanGaGam(犀角散加減), BoYanHwanOTang(補陽還五湯), ODuTang(烏頭湯), HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 4. GongJiSin thought disk hernia as one kind of BiJeung. And he said that Pung can hurt upper limbs and Seup can hurt lower limbs. He used to use GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯). 5. LoJiJeong(路志正) introduced four principles to treat BiJeung. He used BangPungTang(防風湯), DaeJinGuTang) for PungBi(風痺), OPaeTang(烏貝湯) for HanBi(寒痺), YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for SeupBi(濕痺) and SaMyoTang(四妙湯), SeonBiTang(宣痺湯), BaekHoGaGyeTang(白虎加桂湯) for YeolBi(熱痺). 6. GangChunHwa(姜春華) discussed herbs. He said SaengJiHwang(生地黃) is effective for PungSeupBi and WiRyungSun(威靈仙) is effective for the joints pain. He usually used SipJeonDaeBoTang(十全大補湯), DangGuiDaeBoTang(當歸大補湯), YoukGunJaTang(六君子湯) and YukMiJiHwanTang(六味地黃湯). 7. DongGeonHwa(董建華) said that the most important thing to treat BiJeung is how to use herbs. He usually used CheonO(川烏), MaHwang(麻黃) for HanBi, SeoGak(犀角) for YeolBi, BiHae) or JamSa(蠶沙) for SeupBi, SukJiHwang(熟地黃) or Vertebrae of Pigs for improving the function of kidney and liver, deer horn or DuChung(杜沖) for improving strength of body and HwangGi(黃?) or OGaPi(五加皮) for improving the function of heart. 8. YiSuSan(李壽山) devided BiJeung into two types(PungHanSeupBi, PungYeolSeupBi). And he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for the treatment of gout. And he liked to use HwanGiGyeJiOMulTangHapSinGiHwan 枝五物湯合腎氣丸) for the treat ment of WanBi(頑痺). 9. AnDukHyeong(顔德馨) made YongMaJeongTongDan(龍馬定痛丹)-(MaJeonJa(馬錢子) 30g, JiJaChung 3g, JiRyong(地龍) 3g, JeonGal(全蝎) 3g, JuSa(朱砂) 0.3g) 10. JangBaekYou(張伯臾) devided BiJeung into YeolBi and HanBi. And he focused on improving blood stream. 11. JinMuO(陳茂梧) introduced anti-wind and dampness prescription(HoJangGeun(虎杖根) 15g, CheonChoGeun 15g, SangGiSaeng(桑寄生) 15g, JamSa(蠶絲) 15g, JeMaJeonJa(制馬錢子) 3g). 12. YiChongBo(李總甫) explained basic prescriptions to treat BiJeung. He used SinJeongChuBiEum(新定推痺陰) for HaengBi(行痺), SinJeongHwaBiSan(新定化痺散) for TongBi(痛痺), SinJeongGaeBiTang(新定開痺湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinJeongCheongBiEum(新定淸痺飮) for SeupYeolBi(濕熱痺), SinRyeokTang(腎瀝湯) for PoBi(胞痺), ORyeongSan for BuBi(腑痺), OBiTang(五痺湯) for JangBi(臟痺), SinChakTang(腎着湯) for SingChakByeong(腎着病). 13. HwangJeonGeuk(黃傳克) used SaMu1SaDeungHapJe(四物四藤合制) for the treatment of a acute arthritis, PalJinHpPalDeungTang(八珍合八藤湯) or BuGyeJiHwangTangHapTaDeungTang(附桂地黃湯合四藤湯) for the chronic stage and ByeolGapJeungAekTongRakEum(鱉甲增液通絡飮) for EumHeo(陰虛) 14. GaYeo(柯與參) used HwalRakJiTongTang(活絡止痛湯) for shoulder ache, SoJongJinTongHwalRakTank(消腫鎭痛活絡湯) for YeolBi(熱痺), LiGwanJeolTang(利關節湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinBiTang(腎痺湯) for SinBi(腎痺) and SamGyoBoSinHwan(三膠補腎丸) for back ache. 15. JangGilJin(蔣길塵) liked to use hot-character herbs and insects. And he used SeoGeunLipAnTang(舒筋立安湯) as basic prescription. 16. RyuJangGeol(留章杰) used GuMiGangHwalTang(九味羌活湯) and BangPungTang(防風湯) at the acute stage, ODuTang(烏頭湯) or GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for HanBi of internal organs, YangHwaHaeEungTang(陽和解凝湯) for HanBi, DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯), EuiYiInTang(薏苡仁湯) for SeupBi, YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for GiHeoBi(氣虛痺) and SeongYouTang(聖兪湯) for HyeolHeoBi(血虛痺). 17. YangYuHak(楊有鶴) liked to use SoGyeongHwalHyelTang(疏經活血湯) and he would rather use DoIn(桃仁), HongHwa(紅花), DangGui(當歸), CheonGung(川芎) than insects. 18. SaHongDo(史鴻濤) made RyuPungSeupTang(類風濕湯)-((HwangGi 200g, JinGu 20g, BangGi(防己) 15g, HongHwa(紅花) 15g, DoIn(桃仁) 15g, CheongPungDeung(靑風藤) 20g, JiRyong(地龍) 15g, GyeJi(桂枝) 15g, WoSeul(牛膝) 15g, CheonSanGap(穿山甲) 15g, BaekJi(白芷) 15g, BaekSeonPi(白鮮皮) 15g, GamCho(甘草) 15g).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2002

Listeria spp. were isolated from the samples submitted from various seafood plants such as raw materials, products, swab samples of plants floor and conveyor belts through the whole processing procedures. All the samples were collected from 3 kinds of seafood plants such as a imitation crab meat plant, jeotgal plant and frozen seafood plant. And also serotypes of the identified L. monocytogenes were determined. Among the 301 strains of isolated Llsteria spp., 96 strains, 179 strains and 26 strains were identified as L. monocytogenes, L. innocua and L. welshimeri, respectively. While among the 145 strains of Listeria spp. isolated from the imitation crab meat plant, $74\;(51.0\%)$ strains, $64\;(44.1\%)$ strains and $7\;(4.8\%)$ strains were identified as L. monocytogenes, L. innocua and L. welshimeri, respectively. In the case of the 126 strains of Listeria spp. isolated from the frozen seafood plant, $22\;(17.5\%)$ strains of L. monocytogenes,$93\;(73.8\%)$ strains of L. innocua, and $11\;(8.5\%)$ strains of L. wdshimeri were detected. Among the 30 strains isolated from a jeotgal plant, $22\;(73.3\%)$ strains of L. innocua and $8\;(26.7\%)$ strains of L. welshimeri were detected. The detection rates of L. monocytogenes, one of the very important food poisoning bacteria especially in frozen and/or refrigerated seafoods, were relatively high as $77.1\%$ (74/96 strains) in a imitation crab meat plant and $22.9\%$ (22/96 strains) in a frozen seafood plant, but not detected from jeotgal plant. Distribution of L. monocytogenes serotypes and characterization were examined. The serotypes of 96 L. monocytogenes isolated from pork skin, pork fat, the floor and conveyor belts were 1/2a $(59.4\%)$, l/2b $(6.2\%)$, 1/2c $(12.5\%)$ and unknown serotypes $(21.9\%)$. Unknown serotypes were divided into three specific groups by the O antigen they have.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.146.2-146.2
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• 2010

PEMFC를 구성하는 여러 부품 중 핵심부품은 MEA(Membrane Electrode Assembly)으로서 실제 연료전지 반응이 일어나며 연료전지의 성능을 결정하는 부품이다. 그러나 PEMFC의 특성 상 촉매로 귀금속인 Pt가 사용됨에 따라 경제성이 확보된 MEA의 성능을 얻기 위해선 현재 Pt 담지량을 0.3mg/$cm^2$ 이하로 크게 감소시키면서 Pt촉매의 고분산화와 미반응 사이트의 감소가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Pt 촉매의 미반응 사이트를 줄이고자 전기영동법에 의해 카본전극(carbon black + GDL) 상에 Pt 나노입자를 직접 석출시켜 Pt/C 촉매 전극을 제조 하였다. 본 실험에서는 가장 좋은 Pt 나노입자의 석출거동을 나타낸 30mA/$cm^2$, pH 2, duty cycle 25% 조건을 기준으로 하여 electro-deposition time을 통한 석출량 제어와 carbon paper의 wet proofing 정도에 따른 Pt의 석출거동을 조사하였으며, 종래의 방법으로 제조한 Pt/C 촉매전극의 전기화학적 특성과 비교 분석하였다. 전기영동 석출법에 사용된 Pt나노입자는 $H_2PtCl_6{\cdot}6H_2O$로부터 화학적 환원법으로 합성한 2~3nm 입경을 갖는 Pt콜로이드를 사용하였으며, magnetic stirring과 항온 ($20^{\circ}C$)을 유지하여 실험하였다. 전기영동 석출량 제어는 electro-deposition time을 5~25분까지 5분 간격으로 나누어 실험하였고 카본전극을 구성하는 carbon paper의 wet proofing 정도가 Pt 나노입자 석출거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 20, 40, 60%의 서로 다른 wet proofing 값을 갖는 carbon paper를 사용하여 Pt/C 촉매 전극을 제조하였다. 전기영동법으로 석출된 카본블랙 전극 상 Pt나노입자의 분산도와 담지량는 각각 FE-SEM과 TGA 장비를 사용하여 측정하였고, 제조된 Pt/C 촉매 전극의 전기화학적 촉매 특성은 cyclic voltammetry(CV)법으로 측정하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2005

In this study, a microorganism-produced protease was used to improve the quality of fabrics. First, the protease-producing bacteria were isolated from soils, and one of them was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. SJ-121. The optimal medium composition for its growth and protease production was determined to be as follows: glucose 1g/L, soybean meal 0.5g/L, soy peptone 0.5, $K_2HPO_4\;0.2,\;MgSO_4\cdot7H_2O\; 0.002,\;NaCl\;0.002,\;and\;Na_2CO_3g/L$. Also, the optimal temperature for the production of the protease by Bacillus sp. SJ-121 was about $40^{\circ}C$ at pH 7. The wool and silk were treated with the protease from Bacillus sp. SJ-121. Following the protease treatment, changes in the surface of a single yarn of the fabrics were observed by both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Changes in the K/S value of the wool and silk were measured by spectrophotometric analysis, in order to determine the amount of dye uptake in the fabrics. We also performed a tensile strength examination in order to determine the degree and nature of mechanical changes in single yarns of the wool and silk fabrics. By increasing the protease treatment time to 48 h, the dyeing characteristics of the fabrics were enhanced, and the surfaces of the single yarns of the fabrics became smoother, due to the removal of soil and scale in them. However, no mechanical changes were detected in the fabrics. Therefore, we suggest that proper treatment of the protease produced by Bacillus sp. can improve the quality of silk and wool.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.144-164
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to investigate the chemical composition, mean particle size, linear thermal expansion coefficient and metal-bonding strength of the regular opaque powder and core powder. In this study, 4 types of ceramic powders, namely Duceram Jacket Opaque powder, Duceram Opaque powder, Vita Hi-Ceram powder, Vita VMK Paint On-88 powder were used. Chemical composition was evaluated by EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrophotometer, Oxford QX-2000, England), particle size was measured by MALVERN Instruments(MALVERN Instruments SB. OC., U.S.A.. ad linear thermal expansion coefficient was measured by dilatometer(Motoyama, Japan). Bond strength was measured by the Universal tsting machine(Istron Co., Ltd., U.S.A.). The Results were as follows : 1. Through recognition of the relative difference in chemical composition between the core powder and the regular opaque powder, the difference in the proportion of $Al_2O_3$ in each type of material is demonstrated ; Duceram Jaket Opaque powder : 30.16%, Duceram Opaque powder : 16.60%, Vita Hi-Ceram : 63.64%, Vita VMK Paint-On 88 : 16.16%. 2. There was no significant difference in the proportion of metal-bonding materials between the core powder and the regular opaque powder. 3. In the regular opaque powder, alkaline materials were incoporated in order to increase the coefficient of thermal expansion. 4. In the particle size analysis, there was no significant difference in mean particle size or in the particle size distribution between the core powder and the regular opaque powder. 5. In the thermal expansion test for temperature range of $25-600^{\circ}C$, the regular opaque powder had higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that of core powder. 6. In the 4 point flexural bending test, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean bond strength between the core powder and the opaque powder among the Duceram products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.734-739
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• 2005

Myxobacterium sp. HK1, isolated from Korean soil, degrades cellulose, differentiates to fruiting body, and its 16s rDNA has $95\%$ similarity to Polyangium sp. An anticancer molecule, CDMHK, was identified from culture broth of Myxobacterium sp. HK1, and purified by Diaion HP20, Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and preparative HPLC using an YMC OSD-A C18 column. The molecular structure and formula were determined to be $C_{l2}H_{l9}N_3O_2$ (M.W 237) by MS spectrometry, 300 MHz $^{1}H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR. The CDMHK was not active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. However, this molecule inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines. The $ED_{50}$ values of CDMHK were determined to be 0.147, 0.086, 0.18, 0.166, and 0.142 $\mu$g/ml against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, VF498, and HCTl5 cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, the CDMHK was able to induce apoptosis of the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line, evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay and DAPI staining.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.37-40
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• 2015

Recently, the electrical insulation design for electrical apparatuses is important to cope with the tendency of high voltage. The degradation characteristics of a superconducting coil due to an electrical breakdown should be considered to design a high voltage superconducting coil. In this paper, the degradation characteristics of 2G high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires are studied with respect to electrical breakdown tests. To analyze the dependency of the degradation characteristics of 2G HTS wires, the electrical breakdown tests are performed with AC(alternating current) and DC(direct current) voltage. All tests are performed by applying various magnitudes of AC and DC breakdown voltages. To verify the degradation characteristics of 2G HTS wires, the tests are performed with various 2G HTS wires with respect to stabilizer materials. The degradation characteristics of 2G HTS wires, such as Ic(critical current) and index number are measured by performing electrical breakdown tests. It is found that the characteristics such as Ic and index number can be degraded by an electrical breakdown. Moreover, it is concluded that the degradation characteristics of 2G HTS wires are affected by the stabilizer material and applied voltages. The cross-sectional view of 2G HTS wires is observed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As results, it is found that the degradation characteristics of 2G HTS wires are concerned with hardness and electrical conductivity of stabilizer layers.