• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.1 s.244
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• pp.48-56
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• 2006

We investigated gas residence time and mixing characteristics due to various swirl numbers generated by normal injection of secondary air to a lab-scale cylinderical combustor. The residence time was estimated by measuring the temporal pressure difference which was caused by deposition of test particles on a filter media after the injection by a syringe. The mixing characteristics were evaluated by standard deviation value of test gas concentration at different measuring points. The test gas concentration was detected by a gas analyzer. The swirl number of $20{\sim}30$ for ${\theta}=5^{\circ}$ caused long residence time enough to improve mixing characteristics. Numerical calculations were also carried out to understand physical meanings of the experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 1999

The turbulent mixing rate is a very important variable in the thermal-hydraulic design of nuclear reactors. In this study, the turbulent mixing rate the fluid flows through rod bundles is estimated with the scale analysis on the flow pulsation phenomenon. Based upon the assumption that the turbulent mixing is composed of molecular motion, isotropic turbulent motion (turbulent motion without the flow pulsation), and How pulsation, the scale relation for the mixing is derived as a function of P/D, Re, and Pr. The derived scale relation is compared with published experimental results and shows good agreements. Since the scale relation is applicable to various Prandtl number fluid flows, it is expected to be useful for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of liquid metal coolant reactors as well as of moderate Prandtl number coolant reactors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.282-287
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• 2004

Unielement combustion tests were conducted using coaxial bi-swirl injectors. Major experimental parameters were a recess length and a fuel-side swirl chamber. Combustion efficiency mainly depends on a mixing mechanism for the present coaxial swirl injectors. Low-frequency pressure excitations around 200Hz were observed for all injectors. However, dynamic behaviors considerably differ for an external and an internal mixing case controlled by a recess length. The internal mixing induces mixture to be biased at a specific frequency in a mass flow rate, which results in a relatively high amplitude of pressure fluctuations but results for the external mixing case show that fuel and oxidizer mixture flow carries more complicated, multiple wave characteristics due to broad mixing region as well as disintegration and merging phenomena of propellant films.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1945-1954
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• 2020

Subchannel code is one of the effective simulation tools for thermal-hydraulic analysis in nuclear reactor core. In order to reduce the computational cost and improve the calculation efficiency, empirical correlation of turbulent mixing coefficient is employed to calculate the lateral mixing velocity between adjacent subchannels. However, correlations utilized currently are often fitted from data achieved in central channel of fuel assembly, which would simply neglect the wall effects. In this paper, the CFD approach based on spectral element method is employed to predict turbulent mixing phenomena through gaps in 3 × 3 bare tight lattice rod bundle and investigate the flow pulsation through gaps in different positions. Re = 5000,10000,20500 and P/D = 1.03 and 1.06 have been covered in the simulation cases. With a well verified mesh, lateral velocities at gap center between corner channel and wall channel (W-Co), wall channel and wall channel (W-W), wall channel and center channel (W-C) as well as center channel and center channel (C-C) are collected and compared with each other. The obvious turbulent mixing distributions are presented in the different channels of rod bundle. The peak frequency values at W-Co channel could have about 40%-50% reduction comparing with the C-C channel value and the turbulent mixing coefficient β could decrease around 25%. corrections for β should be performed in subchannel code at wall channel and corner channel for a reasonable prediction result. A preliminary analysis on fluctuation at channel gap has also performed. Eddy cascade should be considered carefully in detailed analysis for fluctuating in rod bundle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.284-289
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• 1996

The predictions of the COBRA-IV-I code with the modified turbulent mixing and void drift models have been compared with the diabatic two-phase flow data on equilibrium quality. The turbulent mixing model based on an equal mass exchange of the existing COBRA-IV-I code has been modified to that based on an equal volume exchange between adjacent subchannels, and a void drift model has been newly incorporated in the code. To evaluate the performance of the equal volume exchange turbulent mixing model and the effects of the void drift model, the diabatic steam-water two-phase flow data obtained for the 9-rod bundle test under the typical operating conditions of the boiling water reactor(BWR) conducted by the General Electric (GE) were analyzed by the modified COBRA-IV-I code. The analysis indicates that the equal volume exchange turbulent mixing model with void drift predicts the observed two-phase flow data trends better than the equal mass exchange model, and to predict the correct data trends a more physically based void drift model need to be developed.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

When a cold HPSI (High Pressure Safety Injection) fluid associated with a design basis accident, such as LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident), enters the cold legs of a stagnated primary coolant loop, thermal stratification phenomena may arise due to incomplete mixing. If the stratified flow enters a reactor pressure vessel downcomer, severe thermal stresses are created in a radiation embrittled vessel wall by local overcooling. Previous thermal-mixing analyses have assumed that the thermal stratification phenomena generated in stagnated loop of a partially stagnated collant loop are neutralized in the vessel downcomer by strong flow from unstagnated loop. On the basis of these reasons, this paper presents the thermal-mixing analysis results in order to identify the fact that the cold plume generated in the vessel downcomer due to the thermal stratification phenomena of the stagnated loop is affected by the strong flow of the unstagnated loop.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1380-1387
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• 2003

When a cold HPSI (High pressure Safety Injection) fluid associated with an overcooling transient, such as SGTR (Steam Generator Tube Rupture), MSLB (Main Steam Line Break) etc., enters the cold legs of a stagnated primary coolant loop, thermal stratification phenomena will arise due to incomplete mixing. If the stratified flow enters the downcomer of the reactor pressure vessel, severe thermal stresses are created in a radiation embrittled vessel wall by local overcooling. As general thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes cannot properly predict the thermal stratification phenomena, RG 1.154 requires that a detailed thermal-mixing analysis of PTS (pressurized Thermal Shock) evaluation be performed. Also. previous PTS studies have assumed that the thermal stratification phenomena generated in the stagnated loop side of a partially stagnated primary coolant loop are neutralized in the vessel downcomer by the strong flow from the unstagnated loop. On the basis of these reasons, this paper focuses on the development of a 3-dimensional thermal-mixing analysis model using PHOENICS code which can be applied to both partial and total loop stagnated cases. In addition, this paper verifies the fact that, for partial loop stagnated cases, the cold plume generated in the vessel downcomer due to the thermal stratification phenomena of the stagnated loop is almost neutralized by the strong flow of the unstagnated loop but is not fully eliminated.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2014

This study has been conducted to develop an ejector system applied in the aircraft engine-bay ventilation system. Tandem-Ejector was selected as a component of ventilation system because it could achieve high ventilation performance in spite of motive flow with small flow rate. Tandem-Ejector is composed of a primary nozzle and two mixing ducts ($1^{st}$ mixing duct and $2^{nd}$ mixing duct). In this study, 1-D Tandem-Ejector model has been built with conservation laws and isentropic relation for 1-D ejector sizing and performance prediction. Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) has been conducted to investigate ejector performance and flow characteristics in the ejector. Also, Tandem-Ejector performance tests have been conducted to obtain ejector pumping performance and to investigate stand-off (gap between primary nozzle and $1^{st}$ mixing duct inlet) effect on ejector pumping performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.2 s.257
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• pp.159-166
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• 2007

Mixing between two or more reagents is one of important processes in biochemical microfluidics. In efficient micromixer design, it is essential to analyze flow pattern and evaluate mixing efficiency with good precision. In this work, mixing efficiency for Y-channel micromixer is measured by fluorescence intensity using LIF(Laser Induced Fluorescence) Confocal Microscope. The Y-channel micromixers are fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and those are bonded to glass plate through Plasma bonding. Nile Blue A is injected into the micromixer as a fluorescence dye for measuring of fluorescence intensity by He/Ne laser. For visualization of the flow pattern, dynamic image capturing is carried out using CAM scope. For the comparison with computer simulation, modified SIMPLE algorithm for incompressible flow equation is solved for the same geometry as in the experiment. Throughout the experiments and computer simulation, accurate mixing efficiency evaluation process for a PDMS Y-channel micromixer is established.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.10 no.1 s.40
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

Because the mixing efficiency is influenced remarkably by varying the geometrical configurations, the study of flow characteristics inside the mechanical agitator is very important to improve the performances. The draught tube in the agitator makes intermixing between the screw and tube by interrupting radial flow, and it makes circulation region in a mixing chamber. In general, the helical screw agitator with a draught tube (HSA) is proved more efficient to mix than the others. Consequently, such as the shapes of helical screw, number of pitches and the variation of angular velocity are the main parameters for improving the capacity of HSA. And also the suspension of the solid particles in the agitator can be determined these parameters. The rate of solids suspension in the mixing chamber was quantified with a statistical average value, of. Numerical analyses were carried out, using a commercial CFD code, Fluent, to obtain the velocity, pressure and particle distributions under steady, laminar flow and no-slip conditions. Results are graphically depicted with various parameters.