• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 캐리전파가 없어 고속연산이 가능한 잉여 수 체계(Residue Number System)를 이용하여 생산자동화 시스템에서 실시간 물체인식을 위한 고속의 디지털 뉴런 프로세서를 제안하고 이를 구현하기 위한 중요연산부인 PE를 설계 및 구현하였다. 설계된 디지털 뉴런프로세서는 잉여수계를 이용한 MAC(Multiplier and Accumulator)연산기와 혼합계수 변환을 이용한 시그모이드 함수 연산부로 구성된다. 설계된 회로는 C언어 및 VHDL로 기술하였고 Compass툴로 합성하였으며 LG $0.8{\mu}m$ CMOS공정으로 설계되었다. 실험결과 본 논문에서 설계 및 구현한 디지털 뉴런프로세서는 기존 방식의 잉여수계를 이용한 연산기 및 실수연산기로 구현한 뉴런프로세서에 비하여 3배 이상의 연산속도와 약 50%정도 하드웨어 크기를 줄일 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 설계 및 구현한 디지털 뉴런프로세서는 실시간 처리를 요하는 생산자동화 시스템의 물체인식 시스템에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.270-281
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• 2002

장내 유용세균인 L. acidophilur및 L. plantarum은 선택되어진 천연산물의 한 종류 단독으로서도 촉진되었으며, 또한 두 종류, 세 종류 및 네 종류의 배합에 의하여 특징적으로 성장이 촉진되었으며, L. acidophii요는 이들 천연산물의 배합 중에서 한 종류의 천연산물로서는 백작약, 석창포, 진피 등이 좋은 효과를 보였고, 두 종류 천연산물의 배합에서는 석창포와 계피, 진피와 갈근 등의 조합이, 세 종류의 천연산물 배합에서는 승마와 계피 및 감초 등의 조합이, 네 종류의 천연산물 배합에서는 감초, 녹차, 황금 및 계피 등의 조합에서 잘 성장함을 보였으며, 네 종류의 조합에 의한 세균의 성장 촉진 효과는 대조군보다는 1.3배 이상의 효과를 보였으며 이때의 항산화력은 대조 군보다도 4배 이상의 강함을 보였고, hydroxyl radical의 소거활성은 천연산물을 100 배 희석하였을 때 70% 이상의 소거능력을 보였다. 또한,1. plantaurm은 한 종류의 천연산물로서는 산수유, 연자육, 괴화 등이 좋은 효과를 보였고, 두 종류의 천연산물의 배합에서는 오미자와 녹차, 백작약과 음양곽, 현초와 녹차 등의 조합이, 세 종류의 천연산물 배합에서는 산수유와 녹차 및 백작약, 산수유와 황련 및 오미자, 산수유와 오미자 및 백작약 등의 조합이,4종류의 천연산물 배합에서는 산수유, 녹차, 황련 및 황금의 조합, 산수유, 오미자, 백작약 및 녹차의 조합, 산수유, 녹차, 황련 및 현초 등의 조합에서 L. plantarum가 잘 성장함을 보였고, 이 례 종류의 조합에 의한 세균의 성장 촉진 효과는 대조군보다 1.5배 이상의 효과를 보였고, 항산화력은 수-5배 이상으로 나타났으며, hydroxyl radical의 소거활성은 천연산물을 100배 희석하였을 때 75% 이상의 소거능력을 보였다. 이러한 천연산물의 배합으로 생체의 특정부위를 활성화시킬 수 있고, 항산화력으로 유해 산소를 제거 할 수 있으며, 천연산물 고유의 약성을 활용할 수 있고, 여러 가지의 유용세균의 성장 촉진 효과를 기대할 수 있어 생체에 긍정적인 효과를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 기능성 항산화 차등의 건강 식품의 원료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

The effect of water extract composed of panax ginseng radix rubra, acanthopanacis cortex, and cordyceps (PAC) on diabetic animal models were investigated in two different diabetic animal models. FAC water extract significantly reduced the plasma glucose levels on day 30 as compared with the diabetic control group in $KKA^Y$ obese, hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic mice, and also reduced the plasma glucose levels as well as total cholesterol in multiple low dose (MLD) strep tozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. PAC water extract also showed an inhibitory effect on reduction of body weight and on development of MLD STZ-induced diabetic state. Elevated kidney hypertrophy, which is a characteristic feature shown in early stage of diabetic nephropathy and calculated as the ratio of kidney mass (g) relative to the body weight (g), was also markedly improved in PAC water extract- treated group as compared to the diabetic control group. Taken together, these data suggest that PAC water extract may have a potential as a antidiabetic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

In Northeast Asia, Paeoniae Radix has been used in treatments of inflammation-causing diseases such as arthritis for many centuries. Paeoniflorin, one of the principle bioactive monoterpene glucosides from the paeony root, is reported to be mostly responsible for the effectiveness of the treatments. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of a monoterpene, paeoniflorigenone (PFG) which partially has the moiety of paeoniflorin minus a glucose structure is unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of PFG. For the investigation, PFG activity on the NO (nitric oxide) production from LPS-stimulated macrophages, and the anti-inflammatory effect was tested in the animal model of septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans, a major etiological agent for septic arthritis. For induction of the arthritis, mice were administered with an emulsion of C. albicans cell wall (CACW) mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection (Day 0); PFG at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg/mouse (25 or 50 mg/kg of body-weight) was given to the animals on Day 3, 6, and 9; footpads were scored for arthritis. Moreover, the PFG effect on proliferation of T-lymphocyte that causes aggravation of arthritis was additionally tested. Data resulting from those tests showed that PFG inhibited the NO production from the stimulated macrophage in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05), indicating that PFG is an anti-inflammatory. To confirm the in-vitro results, anti-inflammatory activity of PFG was determined against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. Data showed that PFG-treatment reduced footpad-swelling which indicates that PFG has anti-arthritic effect (P<0.05), which is therapeutic. The anti-arthritic effect appeared to be mediated by PFG suppression of T-cell proliferation. Ultimately, PFG, a monoterpene component, has anti-inflammatory activity analogous to paeoniflorin. The anti-inflammatory activity treats the septic arthritis due to a pathogenic fungus C. albicans.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to confirm whether Codonopsis Radix(CR) could be used in the same way for expected indications or diseases of adaptation instead of Ginseng Radix(GR), which acts as a principal herb in Sagunja-tang. Methods : The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems pharmacology(TCMSP), a database for the study of systems biology related to Chinese medicine, screened potential active compounds in each quartet. By searching for all the proteins that each compound provides, the target of Sagunja-tang with GR(GRST) and the target of Sagunja-tang with CR(CRST) were compared using the network analysis method, and the top ranked target of each serving was selected. Results : Through TCMSP, a Chinese medicine database, the potential effective ingredients of GRST or CRST screened, and the target proteins related to these substances were found to be the most affected by Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, an herbal medicine mixed in Sagunja-tang, and the target diseases were the same. And the same were found for the target protein, gene and target diseases of GRST and CRST. Conclusions : The prescription with similar composition is likely to have similar network pharmacology analysis results, and the analysis result may be controlled by the herbal medicines which are assumed to be the main function. Therefore, rich and reproducible basic studies is more important because network pharmacological studies can be dominated by data that has been done a lot of previous studies.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : Traditional medicines isolated from natural products often have positive effects in the prevention and healing of various immune disorders, such as allergy and atopic inflammation. Scrophulariae Radix (SR) been used in oriental medicine used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Mast cells are known to play important roles in the initiation of allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated the effects of SR ethanol extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Methods : Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells were purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB No. 22256). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Assays for ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ Secretion : RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with dinitrophenyl-ImmunoglobulinE (DNP IgE). The next antigen DNP-BSA ($25ng/m{\ell}$) was added for 10 minutes and the reaction was terminated after 5 minutes in the ice bath. To determine ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ release, supernatants were aliquoted into 96-well plates. Samples were mixed with substrate solution and incubated for 1 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer at 405 nm. IL-4 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results : The cytotoxicity of SRE in RBL-2H3 cells was less than 5%. SRE inhibited DNP-IgE-imduced degranulation of mast cells in RBL-2H3 cells. Also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. In this study, the SRE showed potential anti-allergic and antiinflammatory. Conclusions : These results indicate that SRE could be inhibit the allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.411-415
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• 2002

We compared the hypoglycemic effects of Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to induce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 500 mg/kg of GRA (G500), 500 mg/kg of MF (M500), or 250 mg/kg of GRA mixed with same dose of MF (GM250) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every 5th day. G500 and M500 both significantly reduced blood glucose levels as compared to the diabetic control group (diabetic control, 458.3$\pm$25.4 mg/dl; G500, 275.0$\pm$12.0; M500, 278.0$\pm$15.4; GM250, 324.0$\pm$18.4). While body weight in diabetic control group was decreased slightly after 3 weeks, treatment groups showed gradual increases of body weight during 3 week-period. Plasma insulin level was increased by treatment with GRA, but those levels in M500 and GM250 groups were similar to the diabetic control (normal control, 32.0$\pm$13.9 $\mu$IU/mι; diabetic control, 12.4$\pm$1.9; G500, 17.5$\pm$3.4; M500, 11.1$\pm$3.2; GM250, 10.5$\pm$t3.7). Urine glucose levels were also remarkably reduced in all treatment groups (normal control, 0.0$\pm$0.0 g/day; diabetic control, 11.4$\pm$2.5; G500, 4.9$\pm$0.2; M500, 5.7$\pm$1.6 ; GM250, 8.2$\pm$0.2). At the second and third week of the treatment, food and water intakes were determined. At the third week, food and water intakes were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Taken together, we may conclude that GRA and MF alone may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia, however, synergistic hypoglycemic activity was not be seen in group treated with mixed formula of GRA and MF when compared to GRA or MF alone.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2010

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a mixed extract of three herbs, Panax Notoginseng, Rehmanniae Radix and Acanthopanacis cortex (AIF), for the treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Twelve healthy male horses were included in this study. Horses were assigned to one of two groups: the AIF group (n=6) or the control group (n=6). Osteoarthritis was induced in all horses by intraarticular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (0.12 mg/kg). Horses in the AIF group received 3 g of AIF with food daily, and those in the control group received food only. Treatment began on the day of intraarticular injection. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed every 2 weeks. At week 12, horses were euthanatized, and postmortem gross pathologic and histologic examinations of the middle carpal joint were performed. There were no significant differences in clinical values between the two groups. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the percentages of narrowness of joint space width in the control group were significantly higher than those in the AIF group (p<0.02). On gross pathologic examination, the mean total dimensions of articular cartilage erosions and fibrillations in the control group ($101.5{\pm}41.5mm^2$) were significantly wider than those in the AIF group ($29.3{\pm}39.7mm^2$; p<0.01). On histopathologic evaluation, significantly higher grades of staining intensity and lower empty lacunae (EL) ratios were found in the AIF group (p<0.03). The present study revealed that AIF had significant disease modifying effects in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

The objective of present study is to evaluate concentration-dependent in vitro anti-osteoarthritic (OA) effects of synergic mixed formula consisted of dried pomegranate juice concentrate powder, Eucommiae Cortex aqueous extract and Achyranthis Radix aqueous extract 5:4:1 (g/g) mixture on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. First, any cytotoxic effect of mixture was observed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay. Next, cyto-protective effect of test substances was evaluated by using the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ productions and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions. No obvious cytotoxic effects of mixture were demonstrated. Inflammatory damages of chondrocytes and related ECM degradations induced by treatment of LPS or $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ were significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited by pretreatment of mixture from a concentration level of 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. In addition, mixture showed $IC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as 44.01 and $162.47{\mu}g/ml$, and also showed $EC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ inhibition of collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expression as 8.61, 10.79 and $4.47{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. It is observed that mixture showed concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective ECM preserved effects on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes without cytotoxicity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2002

B. bifidum의 성장은 천연산물의 한 종류 단독으로서도 촉진되었으며, 또한 두 종류, 세 종류, 네 종류의 조합에 의하여 특징적으로 성장이 촉진되었으며, 이것은 항산화력이 강한 천연산물들을 free radical의 제거와 동시에 B. bifidum의 성장 촉진 물질로 사용할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 기능성 항산화 제제의 제조가 가능하리라 사료된다. 이 균주는 연자육 산수유 및 사간 등의 한 종류의 천연산물에 의하여 성장이 촉진되었으며, 두 종류 천연산물의 조합인 연자육과 녹차, 연자육과 산수유 등의 조합, 세 종류의 천연산물 조합인 연자육과 산수유 및 녹차, 연자육과 녹차 및 사간 등의 조합, 네 종류의 천연산물 조합인 녹차, 사간과 산수유 및 감초의 조합, 연자육, 산수유와 녹차 및 감초 등의 조합에서 잘 성장함을 보였으며, 녹차, 사간과 산수유 및 감초의 조합이 대조군보다 2.6배 이상의 성장을 보였다. B. bifidum의 성장을 촉진시킨 4차 배합 조성물의 항산화력은 연자육, 녹차와 사간 및 산수유 조합의 AUC가 694.43로써 대조군의 AUC(116.61)보다 6배이상 높게 나타났으며, 이 조합의 세균성장은 대조군보다 2.6배의 성장 촉진 효과를 보였다. 다음으로는 연자육, 산수유와 녹차 및 감초의 조합(672.14), 녹차, 사간과 산수유 및 감초(633.03)의 조합, 그리고 연자육, 녹차와 사간 및 감초의 조합(560.87)의 순으로 나타났으며, 이들의 항산화력은 대조군의 AUC 116.61보다 5-6배 정도 강한 것으로 나타났고, 항산화력이 강한 조합에서 좋은 세균의 성장 촉진을 보였다. 네 종류의 4차 조합된 천연산물의 hydroxyl radical의 소거활성은 항산화 활성이 강하게 나타난 연자육, 산수유와 녹차 및 감초의 조합에서 84%의 소거활성을 보였으며, 당귀, 음양곽과 백작약 및 녹차의 조합이 100배의 희석액에서 87.99%의 소거 활성을 보였고, 연자육, 녹차와 사간 및 산수유의 조합, 녹차, 사간과 산수유 및 감초의 조합 그리고 연자육, 녹차와 사간 및 감초의 조합에서도 희석 배수에 무관하게 모두 80% 이상의 hydroxyl radical의 소거 활성을 보였으며, 또한 네 종류 조합의 총phenol량은 녹차중의 증제차나 볶음차의 비발효 차 보다 30-32배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 반 발효차인 오룡차보다는 32-35배, 발효차인 홍차보다는 55-60 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 4종류 조합은 B. bifidum의 성장 촉진 및 free radical 소거 활성이 좋은 것으로 나타나 장의활성을 도울 수 있는 다기능성 제제로서의 가능성을 보였다.