• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Beating or refining is an energy intensive process in paper industry. In India, most of the paper industries blend long fibered softwood pulps with short fibered hardwood or agro based pulps to get the paper properties of competitive level. Refining characteristics of the blend of pulps is very crucial with respect to freeness and strength properties. This study has been carried out to understand the refining behavior of three hardwood pulps and a softwood pulp. The hardwood and softwood pulps are blended in different proportions in two different ways; a) blending after their separate refining, and b) blending before refining followed by mixed refining of the blended pulps. Freeness of pulp, strength, optical and surface properties of paper along with formation have been determined and compared for both the refining methods. The fiber classification of refined pulps was also carried out to analyze the effect of refining method on fiber morphology. The mixed refining of hardwood and softwood pulps marginally affects the fiber morphology in comparison to separate refining of pulps. The strength and other properties of paper prepared from mixed refining of pulps are either better or comparable than those of separately refined pulps.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical contents (sugar, nitrogen, and amino acids) and sensory characteristics of traditional soy sauce according to three different methods. The samples were taken from four different periods (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after fermentation). Total sugar contents increased in all groups according to ripening period, and Gyupjang (G) showed the highest sugar content among the groups. Total nitrogen and amino acid contents of all groups increased after 60 days of ripening, and Gyupjang (G) and Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) had higher total nitrogen content compared to Chungjang (S) at the same period. The results from the sensory evaluation show that preferable sensory characteristics, such as color preferences, sweetness, umami taste, and overall preference, were significantly higher in Gyupjang (G) and Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) than in Chungjang (S). Preferable sensory characteristics had significantly high positive correlation with most amino acids, total nitrogen, and sugar contents, except for glutamine. Based on the significant difference in preferable sensory characteristics between Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) and Chungjang (S), Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) can be used to improve sensory characteristics. This research implies that adding salt water during the manufacturing Gyupjang process is advisable to yield high quality soy sauce.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.289-307
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• 2018

자연수의 혼합 계산은 초등학교에서 자연수의 사칙 계산을 완성하는 측면에서 중요한 내용임에도 불구하고, 그 지도 방안에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 자연수의 혼합 계산과 관련하여 국내의 5차부터 2009 개정 수학 교과서와 국외(일본, 싱가포르) 교과서를 크게 괄호와 연산 순서에 초점을 두어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 괄호를 명시적으로 제시한 횟수와 괄호 도입 시기 및 표현 방법에서 교육과정별로 교과서의 제시 방식에 차이가 있었다. 연산 순서와 관련하여 국내 교과서는 대체로 실생활 맥락을 활용하고 있었고 연산 순서를 도식화하여 표현하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우가 있었다. 반면, 싱가포르 교과서는 연산 순서를 직접적으로 제시하고 계산기 활용을 강조하는 측면이 있었으며, 일본은 실생활 맥락을 활용하면서 동시에 연산의 위계 지도를 제시하고 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 자연수의 혼합 계산에 대한 지도 방안 및 후속 교과서 개발에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.281-284
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• 2015

디지털 영상 처리는 메모리 소자 등의 급속한 진보에 의해 다양한 응용 분야에 실용화되고 있다. 그러나 영상 처리 과정에서 여러 가지 원인에 의해 잡음이 발생하고 있으며, 잡음들을 제거하기 위한 다양한 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 일반적으로, 영상은 서로 다른 특성을 갖는 복합잡음에 의해 손상된다. 본 논문에서는 영상에 첨가된 복합잡음의 영향을 완화하기 위해, 잡음 형태에 따라 처리하는 필터 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고 객관적 판단을 위해 기존의 방법들과 비교하였으며, 판단의 기준으로 PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio)을 사용하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.300-303
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• 2015

디지털 영상 처리는 메모리 소자 등의 급속한 진보에 의해 다양한 응용 분야에 실용화되고 있다. 그러나 영상 처리 과정에서 여러 가지 원인에 의해 잡음이 발생하고 있으며, 이러한 잡음들을 제거하기 위한 다양한 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 일반적으로, 영상은 서로 다른 특성을 갖는 복합잡음에 의해 손상된다. 본 논문에서는 영상에 첨가된 복합잡음의 영향을 완화하기 위해, 잡음 형태에 따라 스위칭하여 처리하는 필터 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고 객관적 판단의 기준으로 PSNR(peak signal to noise rato)을 사용하였으며, 기존의 방법들과 성능을 비교하였다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate nurses' perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children's hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system. Methods: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses' perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children's hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews. Results: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children's hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC. Conclusion: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2012

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to classify chronic subdural hematomas based on brain computerized tomographic scan (CT scan) findings and to determine the mechanism of evolution and treatment methods. Methods: One hundred thirty-nine patients who were diagnosed with a chronic subdural hematoma and who available for follow up assessment 6 months post-surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The presence of trauma and past medical history were reviewed and evaluation criteria based on brain CT scan findings were examined. Results: Initial brain CT scans revealed a chronic subdural hematoma in 106 patients, a subdural hygroma in 24 patients, and an acute subdural hematoma in 9 patients. In all cases where the initial acute subdural hematoma had progressed to a chronic subdural hematoma, final was a hypo-density chronic subdural hematoma. In case where the initial subdural hygroma had progressed to a chronic subdural hematoma, the most cases of hematoma were hyper-density and mixed-density chronic subdural hematoma. In total, 173 surgeries were performed, and they consisted of 97 one burr-hole drainages, 70 two burr-hole drainages and 6 craniotomies. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that rebleeding and osmotic effects are mechanisms for enlarging of a chronic subdural hematoma. In most cases, one burr-hole drainage is a sufficient for treatment. However, in cases of mixed or acute-on-chronic subdural hematomas, other appropriate treatment strategies are required.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding practices, growth status and correlation with maternal perceptions of breast feeding and lactation with infuts' feeding methods in the Pocheon area. The subjects were 103 infants ranging from 3 to 21 postpartum months and their mothers. The results obtained were as follows : In this survey, 36.9% of the infants were breast-feeding, while 53.4% of them were bottle-feeding, and 9.7% of them were mixed-feeding. The reason for bottle-feeding was due mainly to the lack of breast-milk secretion. Z-scores of weight-f3r-age and height-for-age were similar to Korean standards, but malnutrition and overnutrition were also noticed by kaup index and WLI. The average maternal perceptions of breast-feeding and lactation was 3.7 out of 10 possible points, the breast-feeding group scored 4.7, and formula-feeding and mixed-feeding group scored 3.0. That of BF group was higher than FF+MF groups and was positively correlated with growth status. Therefore to ensure proper growth of infants and to promote breast-feeding, efforts should be given to community nutritional services including nutrition education for the importance of colostrum and breast-milk, practical breast-feeding methods, and nutritional management during pregnancy. Also nutrition education for mothers will be continued to 1-3 postpartum months to promote successful breast-feeding.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2014

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to assess the comparative efficiency of two preparation types of Hwangryunhaedok decoction(HRHD-D) using distilled and mixed extraction by measuring the index components and indicators of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : The antioxidant activity was assessed by comparing distilled and mixed extractions of HRHD-D using an ELISA reader. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by measuring NO amounts in RAW 264.7 cells. The contents were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD). Results : The electron donating ability of mixed and distilled extractions obtained with 500 ppm DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay) solution were 57.8 % and 4.2 %, respectively. The total phenolic content of mixed extraction was 6.9 times that of distilled extraction and total flavonoid content was 51.5 times higher. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by NO measurement, and was found to increase significantly dependent on concentration in all mixed extract concentrations(25, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$), but the difference in distilled extraction by concentration was only significant at 200 and $400{\mu}g/mL$. The HPLC analysis results of mixed extract of HRHD-D showed detection of all four main active constituents of HRHD-D. However, they were not detected in the distilled extract of HRHD-D. Conclusions : Mixed extraction with distillation added to decoction of HRHD-D showed better efficacy in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and ingredient quantities compared to distilled extraction. Further stability and clinical efficacy studies for standardization of mixed extractions are required.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the educational needs of interns and residents in Korean medicine as the first step in developing an education program to improve their research competencies. Methods: A mixed-method design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, was used to investigate the educational needs for research competencies among interns and residents working in Korean medicine hospitals nationwide. Data were collected through online surveys and online focus group discussions (FGDs), and processed using descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis. The study results were derived by integrating survey data and FGD outcomes. Results: In total, 209 interns and residents participated in the survey, and 11 individuals participated in two rounds of FGDs. The majority of participants felt a lack of systematic education in research and academic writing in postgraduate medical education and highlighted the need for nationally accessible education due to significant disparities in the educational environment across hospitals and specialties. The primary barrier to learning research and academic writing identified by learners was the lack of knowledge, leading to time constraints. Improving learners' research competencies, relationship building, autonomy, and motivation through a support system was deemed crucial. The study also identified diverse learner types and preferred educational topics, indicating a demand for learner-centered education and coaching. Conclusion: This study provides foundational data for designing and developing a program on education on research competencies for interns and residents in Korean medicine and suggests the need for initiatives to strengthen these competencies.