Education of Primary School Mathematics (한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육)

Korean Society of Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회)
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A Comparative Analysis of the Instructional Methods of Mixed Calculation of Natural Numbers in the Korean, Singaporean, and Japanese Textbooks

한국, 싱가포르, 일본 교과서에 제시된 자연수의 혼합 계산에 대한 지도 방안의 비교 분석

  • Received : 2018.07.04
  • Accepted : 2018.07.28
  • Published : 2018.07.31
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Abstract

Although mixed calculation of natural numbers is important in that it completes arithmetic calculation of natural numbers in elementary school, few studies have been conducted regarding its instruction methods. Given this, this study analyzed Korean mathematics textbooks (from the fifth textbooks to the 2009 revised textbooks) along with Japanese and Singaporean textbooks in terms of the parentheses and the order of operations regarding mixed calculation of natural numbers. The results of this study showed that there were differences in introducing the parentheses and representing them in an explicit way per textbooks. In the Korean textbooks, the order of operations was presented mostly with the real-life contexts but it was not always in a diagrammatic representation. In contrast, in the Singaporean textbooks, the order of operations was presented without the real-life contexts and the use of calculators was emphasized. In the Japanese textbooks, the order of operations was presented with the real-life contexts and a hierarchy of operations was emphasized. Based on these results, this study suggested several implications of textbook development and instructional methods regarding mixed calculations of natural numbers.

자연수의 혼합 계산은 초등학교에서 자연수의 사칙 계산을 완성하는 측면에서 중요한 내용임에도 불구하고, 그 지도 방안에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 자연수의 혼합 계산과 관련하여 국내의 5차부터 2009 개정 수학 교과서와 국외(일본, 싱가포르) 교과서를 크게 괄호와 연산 순서에 초점을 두어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 괄호를 명시적으로 제시한 횟수와 괄호 도입 시기 및 표현 방법에서 교육과정별로 교과서의 제시 방식에 차이가 있었다. 연산 순서와 관련하여 국내 교과서는 대체로 실생활 맥락을 활용하고 있었고 연산 순서를 도식화하여 표현하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우가 있었다. 반면, 싱가포르 교과서는 연산 순서를 직접적으로 제시하고 계산기 활용을 강조하는 측면이 있었으며, 일본은 실생활 맥락을 활용하면서 동시에 연산의 위계 지도를 제시하고 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 자연수의 혼합 계산에 대한 지도 방안 및 후속 교과서 개발에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

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References

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