• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.231-249
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• 2010

Asymptotic behavior of three-dimensional mixed, periodic and rotating magnetohydrodynamic system is investigated as the Rossby number goes to zero. The system presents the difficulty to be singular and mixed, that is hyperbolic in the vertical direction and parabolic in the horizontal one. The divergence free condition and the spectral properties of the penalization operator are crucial in the proofs. The main tools are the energy method, the Schochet's method and products laws in anisotropic Sobolev spaces.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.49-53
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• 1982

Because of the ever increasing demands of consumers for a greater choice of product models, manufacturers are forced to produce a wider variety of models. Therefore, more and more assembly lines are being converted to handle the larger number. As the complexity in achieving an efficient mixed model assembly line is related to the degree of likeness between models on the line. To measure likeness between two or more models an method was developed in this study, which is based on the association of work element and their processing times on each model for mixed model assembly line.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

This paper considers the sequencing of products in mixed model assembly lines. The sequence which minimizes overall utility work in car assembly lines reduce the cycle time, the number of utility workers, and the risk of conveyor stopping. The sequencing problem is solved using Tabu Search. Tabu Search is a heuristic method which can provide a near optimal solution in real time. Various examples are presented and experimental results are reported to demonstrate the efficiency of the technique.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Since the 21st century, major cities in Vietnam faced housing shortage and there was a lack in office spaces. As a result, construction companies from over seas provided mixed-use apartment as a new type of urban housing. A large number of mixed-use apartments are built in big cities such as Hanoi and Ho-chi-minh City. However, research on mixed-use housing in Vietnam is insufficient. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of mixed-use apartments and have an effect on the development of urban housing in Vietnam. This study focuses on examining the planning characteristics of mixed-use apartments in Hanoi. The research will be based on 10 mixed-use apartments that are already built or expected to be built in a few years. Therefore, this study starts by looking into the history of the Vietnamese urban housing. The study focuses on the transformation of urban housing since 2000. Then, the study will mainly focus on examining the mixed-use apartments in different aspects, in order to analyze the planning characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.561-575
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• 1996

The interaction of turbulent mixed convection and surface radiation in a three-dimensional channel with the heated blocks is analyzed numerically. Two blocks are maintained at high temperature and the other bottom and horizontal walls are insulated. S-4 method is employed to calculate the effect of the radiative heat transfer. The low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ model proposed by Launder and Sharma is used to estimate the turbulent influence on the heat transfer enhancement. From above modeling, the effects of various channel specifications on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The variables used for the present study are Reynolds number, block spacing, the channel height spacing for block and the emissivity. Average Nusselt numbers along the block surfaces are correlated and presented in terms of Reynolds number, emissivity and dimensionless geometric parameters. For the range of conditions in this study, average Nusselt numbers along the block surfaces are strongly influenced by the Reynolds numbers and channel height spacing for block but weakly influenced by the block spacing and the emissivity of the adiabatic walls.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.989-996
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• 2001

High-speed and low-speed flows are simulated numerically by flowfield-dependent mixed explicit-implicit (FDMEI) method. This algorithm depends on implicitness parameters of convection, diffusion, diffusion gradients, and source terms which are calculated from the changes of local Mach, Reynolds, Peclet, and Damkohler numbers between adjacent nodes. Convection phenomena or shock waves are resolved from Mach number-dependent implicitness parameters whereas diffusion or viscous actions are simulated by Reynolds number or Peclet number-dependent implicitness parameters. Fluctuation components of all variables are properly accommodated spatially and temporally in the FDMEI procedure. To illustrate, some benchmark example problems are presented for comparisons of the FDMEI results with other available data. These results appear to be encouraging and point toward the need for further investigations of the FDMEI theory.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2005

Experiments are performed to study the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an inclined parallel plates with the upper part cooled and the lower part heated uniformly. The Reynolds number ranges from $4.0{\times}10^{-3}\;to\;6.2{\times}10^{-2}$, the angle of inclination, ${\theta}$, from 0 to 45 degree from the horizontal line, and Pr of the high viscosity fluid is 909. In this paper, the PIV(Particle image velocimetry) with TLC(Thermo-sensitive liquid crystal) tracers is used for visualizing and analysis. This method allows simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature field at a given instant of time. Quantitative data of the temperature and velocity are obtained by applying the color-image processing to a visualized image, and neural network is applied to the color-to-temperature calibration. This paper describes the methods, and presents the quantitative visualization of mixed convection. From this study, it is found that the flow pattern can be classified into three patterns which are affected by Reynolds number and the angle of inclination.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.703-713
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• 2001

Mechanical joints such as bolted or riveted joints are widely used in structural components and the reliable determination of the stress intensity factors for corner cracks in mechanical joints is needed to evaluate the safety and fatigue life. This paper analyzes the mixed-mode stress intensity factors of surface and deepest points for quarter elliptical corner cracks in mechanical joints by weight function method and the coefficients included in weight function are determined by finite element analyses for reference loadings. The extended form of the weight function method for two-dimensional mixed-mode to three-dimensional is presented and the number of terms in weight function is determined by comparing the results for the different number of terms. The amount of clearance is an important factor in evaluating the severity of elliptical corner cracks in mechanical joints and even horizontal crack normal to the applied load is under mixed-mode in the case that clearance exists.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Pavement Management System contains the data that describe the condition of the road. Under limited budget, the data can be utilized for efficient plans. The objective of this research is to develop a mixed integer program model that maximizes remaining durable years (or Lane-Kilometer-Years) in road maintenance planning. METHODS : An optimization model based on a mixed integer program is developed. The model selects a cluster of sectors that are adjacent to each other according to the road condition. The model also considers constraints required by the Seoul Metropolitan Facilities Management Corporation. They select two lanes at most not to block the traffic and limit the number of sectors for one-time construction to finish the work in given time. We incorporate variable cost constraints. As the model selects more sectors, the unit cost of the construction becomes smaller. The optimal choice of the number of sectors is implemented using piecewise linear constraints. RESULTS : Data (SPI) collected from Pavement Management System managed by Seoul Metropolitan City are fed into the model. Based on the data and the model, the optimal maintenance plans are established. Some of the optimal plans cannot be generated directly in existing heuristic approach or by human intuition. CONCLUSIONS:The mathematical model using actual data generates the optimal maintenance plans.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2023

Contemporary biomedical data often involve an ill-posed problem owing to small sample size and large number of multi-collinear variables. Partial least squares (PLS) method could be a plausible alternative to an ill-conditioned ordinary least squares. However, in the case of a PLS model that includes a random-effect, how to deal with a random-effect or mixed effects remains a widely open question worth further investigation. In the present study, we propose a modified multivariate PLS method implementing mixed-effect model (PLSM). The advantage of PLSM is its versatility in handling serial longitudinal data or its ability for taking a randomeffect into account. We conduct simulations to investigate statistical properties of PLSM, and showcase its real clinical application to predict treatment outcome of esthetic surgical procedures of human faces. The proposed PLSM seemed to be particularly beneficial 1) when random-effect is conspicuous; 2) the number of predictors is relatively large compared to the sample size; 3) the multicollinearity is weak or moderate; and/or 4) the random error is considerable.