• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1979

Pasture establishment techniques successfully employed in the alpine region of Korea are outlined. The subsequent management of the mixed grass/legume pasture to maintain a high producing sward is also described. Relevant overseas literature has been reviewed and related to the methods in use at the ROK/NZ Beef Farming Research and Demonstration Project in the alpine region of Kangweon-do.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to describe the spectrometric analysis of gaseous cloud formation over reactor mixed uranium-and-plutonium (UP) fuel $(U_{0.8}Pu_{0.2})O_2$ samples heated to a temperature $>2,000^{\circ}C$, and thus forecast and evaluate radiation hazards threatening humans who cope with the consequences of any accident at a fission reactor loaded by UP mixed oxide $(U_{0.8}Pu_{0.2})O_2$, such as a mixture of 80% U and 20% Pu in weight. Materials and methods: The UP nuclear fuel samples were heated up to a temperature of over $2,000^{\circ}C$ in a suitable assembly (apparatus) at out-of-pile experiments' implementation, the experimental in-depth study of metabolism of active materials in living organisms by means of artificial irradiation of pigs by plutonium. Spectrometric measurements were carried out on the different exposed organs and tissues of pigs for the further estimation of human internal exposure by nuclear materials released from the core of a fission reactor fueled with UP mixed oxide. Results: The main results of the research described are the following: (1) following the research on the influence of mixed fuel fission products (radioactive isotopes being formed during reactor operation as a result of nuclear decay of elements included into the fuel composition) on living organisms, the authors determined the quantities of plutonium dioxide ($PuO_2$) that penetrated into blood and lay in the pulmonary region, liver, skeleton and other tissues; and (2) experiments confirmed that the output speed of plutonium out of the basic precipitation locations is very small. On the strength of the experimental evidence, the authors suggest that the biological output of plutonium can be disregarded in the process of evaluation of the internal irradiation doses.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2021

리모델링사업에서 건축적 전문 지식이 없는 클라이언트의 경우 요구사항을 정확하게 제시하는데 한계가 있다. 그 결과, 시공자와 설계자는 요구를 정확하게 인지하지 못해 클라이언트의 의도와 다른 설계를 진행하기도 한다. 이를 극복하기 위해 3차원 모델링 방법이 도입되고 있지만, 향후 지어질 결과를 가상으로 보여주는 이러한 방식도 한계가 있다. 리모델링 프로젝트의 경우 남겨진 구조물에 새로 지어질 부분을 더해 이해도를 높일 수 있는 증강현실을 도입할 경우 프로젝트 참여자의 이해도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고층 오피스 건물 리모델링 프로젝트를 대상으로 혼합현실을 도입했을 때 클라이언트가 설계 내용을 어느 정도 이해할 수 있고, 이를 바탕으로 의사결정을 원활하게 내릴 수 있는지를 검증하고자 한다. 실행연구를 통해 클라이언트, 프로젝트참여자가 2D CAD 도면, BIM, 혼합현실을 각각 체험한 후 12가지 의사결정 준거별로 어느 정도 지원 효과가 있는지 분석했다. 혼합현실의 경우 현실감 향상을 통해 향후 결과를 예측할 수 있는 장점이 부각된 반면, 바닥과 같은 일부 부위의 경우 패턴 인식에 어려움이 있었고 어지럼증을 호소하는 단점이 파악되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

Destructive methods were used for the burnup determination of U-Zr alloy nuclear fuel irradiated in the High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) at KAERI. The dissolution rate of unirradiated U-Zr alloy fuel in $HNO_3$/HF mixtures was investigated for the experimental conditions of a different temperature, and initial concentrations of HF and $HNO_3$. The irradiated U-Zr alloy fuel specimen was dissolved in a mixed acid condition of 3 M HNO3 and 1 M HF at $90^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours under reflux. The total burnup was determined from measurement of the Nd isotope burnup monitors. The method includes U, Pu, $^{148}Nd,\;^P{145}Nd+^{146}Nd,\;^{144}Nd+^{143}Nd$ and total Nd isotopes determination by the isotope dilution mass spectrometric method (IDMS) using triple spikes $(^{233}U,\;^{242}Pu\;and\;^{150}Nd)$. The effective fission yield was calculated from the weighted fission yields averaged over the irradiation period. The results are compared with that obtained by the destructive -spectrometric measurement of the $^{137}Cs$ monitor.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.80-95
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• 2015

In this study, the properties such as color, dye uptake and antibacterial function were examined through the application of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with extracts from Humulus japonicus(hwansam) and the pruned branches of Prunus persica(peach) tree. In terms of dye uptake and surface color changes subject to the kind of mordants, methods and mixing ratio of dye, it was found that fabrics dyed by the pre-mordanting method with $CuSO_4$ showed the red green yellow group colors, which were not seen in fabrics dyed with hwansam only. Color fastness was found strong at grade 4-5 with 96.3% of UV protection ratio. While the fastness to light was as fair as grade 3, it showed an excellent result of 99.9% bacteria reduction rate against Staphylococcus aureus with fair 58% deodorization rate and 21.2% antibacterial rate against Klebsiella pneumoniae. As stated above, the combination and mixed dyeing resulted in the meaningful outcomes with regard to color variations, dye uptake, color fastness and functional properties.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2013-2017
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• 2013

Background: To compare the effects of two adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, anthracycline-based and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorourical (CMF) on disease free survival for breast cancer patients in the Eastern Mediterranean region and Asia. Methods: In a systematic review with a multivariate mixed model meta-analysis, the reported survival proportion at multiple time points in different studies were combined. Our data sources were studies linking the two chemotherapy regimens on an adjuvant basis with disease free survival published in English and Persian in the Eastern Mediterranean region and Asia. All survival curves were generated with Graphdigitizer software. Results: 14 retrospective cohort studies were located from electronic databases. We analyzed data for 1,086 patients who received anthracycline-based treatment and 1,109 given CMF treatment. For determination of survival proportions and time we usesb the transformation Ln (-Ln(S)) and Ln (time) to make precise estimations and then fit the model. All analyses were carried out with STATA software. Conclusions: Our findings showed a significant efficacy of anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy regarding disease free survival of breast cancer. As a limitation in this meta-analysis we used studies with different types of anthracycline-based regimens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2004

Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella multocida were responsible for respiratory diseases in bovine. Methods for identifying these bacteria had poor sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, PCR assays were applied for rapid identification of H. somnus, M. bovis, P. multocida B:2 and P. multocida capsular types. The specific PCR products were amplified from H. somnus, but not from other bacteria. Ten-fold diluted H. somnus were mixed with P. multocida and then the mixed cultures were inoculated on agar plates. After incubation, PCR was performed with harvest from agar plates and could detect as few as 3.4 CFU/ml of H. somnus. The primers MboF and MboR produced an amplification product unique to M. bovis and sensitivity of PCR was as low as 100 pg of DNA. Only serotype B:2 of P. multocida, the causal agent of haemorrhagic septicemia in bovine, was specifically amplified in PCR among the 16 reference serotypes. The multiplex capsular PCR typing for P. multocida was produced the P. multocida specific product as well as the capsular serogroup-specific product. The present PCR assays should be useful for the rapid identification of bacterial pathogens from bovine respiratory diseases.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2006

[ $Ni_2Si$ ] mixed powders were mechanically alloyed by a ball mill and then processed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). In the powder that was mechanically alloyed for 15minutes(MA 15 min), only Ni and Si were observed but in the powder that was mechanically alloyed for 30minutes(MA 30 min), $Ni_2Si$, Ni and Si were mixed together. Some of the MA 15 min powder and MA 30 min powder were processed by HIP under pressure of 150MPa at the temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$ for two hours and some of them were processed by SPS under pressure of 60 MPa at the temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$ for 60 seconds. Both methods completely compounded the powders to $Ni_2Si$. The maximum density of sintered lumps by HIP method was 99.5% and the maximum density of the sintered lump by SPS method was 99.3%. with the hardness of HRc 66 with the hardness of HRc 63. Therefore, the SPS method that can sinter in short time at low cost is considered to be more economical that the HIP method that requires complicated sintering conditions and high cost and the sintering can produce target materials in desired sizes and shapes to be used for thin film.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the mixed herbal extract from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Pueraria lobata Benth, and Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (CAPA) on obesity and glucose tolerance in obese mice. Methods: Animals were divided in 6 groups, normal diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD with CAPA 100 mg/kg (CAPA 100), CAPA 300 mg/kg (CAPA 300), and metformin 200 mg/kg or lorcaserin 10 mg/kg as positive controls, and treated for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and body temperature were checked every week and then organs, blood serums were collected after treatment. The oral glucose tolerance test was also carried out after treatment. Results: Compared to HFD, CAPA extract treated mice showed significant decreases in body weight, adipose tissue weight, lipid accumulations in liver and serum lipid levels without a reduction of food intake. And fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were all improved in the CAPA treated mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CAPA extract can prevent diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance without a reduction of energy intake in obese mice.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R² 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R² 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.