• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1176-1181
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• 2004

The cytotoxic activities of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials toward six human HeLa epithelioid cervix, A549 lung, SK-OV-3 ovarian, SK-MEL-2 melanoma, XF-498 central nerve system, and HCT-15 colon tumor cell lines were evaluated by using sulforhodamine B assay and compared to those of the anticancer agents, cisplatin and mitomycin C. The biologically active constituent of the Cinnamomum bark was characterized as trans­cinnamaldehyde by spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activity of cinnamaldehyde against HeLa, SK-MEL-2, and HCT -15 cell lines was comparable to that of cisplatin and mitomycin C. The compound showed lower activity against A549, SK-OV-3, and XF-498 cell lines than the anticancer agents. Eugenol exhibited moderate activity against SK-OV­3, XF-498, and HCT-15 tumor cells, and trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, $\alpha-pinene,\;and\;\beta-pinene$ showed little or no activity against model tumor cells. Cinnamaldehyde was not mutagenic against four strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) of Salmonella typhimurium (Castel and Chalm). These results indicate at least one pharmacological action of C. cassia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.607-613
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• 2003

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in a variety of immune reactions involving $CD4^+$ T cells and have been used to enhance tumor-specific immune responses. Immunosuppression in patients with cancer includes the downregulation of function and number of DCs. Although DCs have been studied, the apoptosis of Des induced by anticancer drugs for chemotherapy remains largely uncharacterized. This study demonstrated that GM-CSF protects DCs from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C-induced apoptosis. After 6 - 10 days culture, DCs were characterized by specific surface marker, CD11c and MHC class II. MTT assay revealed that GM-CSF significantly enhanced the viability of DCs treated with 5-FU or mitomycin C. The percentage of dead cells of DCs was determined by cell size using FACScan and GM-CSF was clearly effective. However, GM-CSF did not increase the expression of MHC class II on viable DCs gated, suggesting that GM-CSF may differentially regulate critical factors involved in the function of DCs. For the quantitative analysis of apoptosis, annexin V-FITC staining was performed. 5-FU induced the apoptosis of DCs and GM-CSF significantly protects DCs from 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the results in this study that GM-CSF has an anti-apoptosis effect on DCs may provide patients with cancer with clinical benefits to overcome the immunosuppression induced by the decrease of number and functional insufficiency of DCs.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1994

The combined effects of Ulmi Cortex and some anti-cancer drugs on the proliferation of HeLa cells, Hep G2 cells and S 180 cells were estimated by MTT calorimetric assay. The n-BuOH fraction(UBF) of Ulmi Cortex inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cell at $10^{-3}\;g/ml$, Hep G2 cell at $10^{-5}\;g/ml$ and S 180 cell at $10^{-3}\;g/ml$. The inhibitory effects of mitomycin C(MMC), cisplatin(CPT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), respectively, on Hep G2 cell was increased by the UBF. The UBF did not influence the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells at concentrations of $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-4}\;g/ml$, but increased the proliferation of T cells at concentrations of $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-4}\;g/ml$. The UBF did not influence the number of leukocyte, and on the thymus weight of mice. The UBF increased the number of total-peritoreal cells of mice. In conclusion, the results suggest that the UBF have anti-cancer activity without the side effect, such as leukopenia and immunosuppresion, and increase the inhibitory activity of the anti-cancer drugs on Hep G2 cells.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2004

The management of coincident glaucoma and cataract is not only a common clinical challenge but also an important research topic in the ophthalmic surgical field. The purpose of this article is to compare the different surgical options on the basis of their achievable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) control, success rates, and complication rates reported in the related literature, and to give advice on how to manage typical situations of patients with both glaucoma and cataract. Main topics were focused on indications and rationale of 3 surgical options (only cataract surgery first and later trabeculectomy, only trabeculectomy first and later cataract surgery, or simultaneous combined surgery). Modern clear corneal cataract extraction techniques resulted in a modest intermediate-term reduction of IOP and has considerably improved the success rates of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery. It also enabled future trabeculectomy to be successfully performed at a later date if necessary. Trabeculectomy alone achieved better IOP regulation than phacotrabeculectomy (combined surgery), but subsequent cataract surgery may compromise preexisting filtering bleb. Combined surgery augmented with mitomycin C achieved a lower IOP than combined surgery alone but had a higher complication rate. In conclusion, the choice of the preferred surgical method should be determined according to the target pressure, the amount of glaucomatous damage, and the grade of visual disturbance caused by the cataract. Phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C offers visual improvement and achieves the best IOP lowering of all types of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery currently used but is associated with potentially sight-threatening complications.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2001

Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 is able to use phenanthrene and biphenyl as the sole carbon and energy source. Mitomycin C curing experiment suggested that polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) utilization in strain DJ77 was plasmid-encoded. The plasmid cured strains were failed to grow on the minimal medium sprayed with biphenyl or phenanthrene. This was evident from southern hybridizations using a previously cloned DNA segment as a probe. There were positive signals in the palsmid DNA of the wild-type strain DJ77 and the absence of hybridizations with chromosomal DNA from the plasmid DNA of the wild-type strain DJ77 and the absence of hybridizations with chromosomal DNA from the palsmid-cured mutant strains.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1977

Dose response forDNA repair synthesis induced by various concentrations of MMC (0.05 $\\sim$ 0.5 $\\mu$g/ml) in HeLa $S_3$ cells was not dose-dependent and the amounts of it were relatively lower, representing $7\\sim9%$ of total DNA synthesizing cells in $0.1\\sim0.5 \\mug/ml$ concentrations. Time dependence study showed that MMC-induced DNA repair synthesis occurred as long as for 24 hours with similar incidences in all time courses. Pretreatment with BUdR was found to have a sensitization effect on MMC-induced DNA repair synthesis, but that with IUdR was not. Combined treatment with BUdR of IUdR and MMC suppressed remarkably the semiconservative DNA synthesis especially at later time course. These results seem to suggest that damages induced in DNA by MMC might be repaired by both fast and slow excision processes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2014

To analyze the characteristics of bacteriophages in Enterococcus faecium, D-19 and F6 phages were induced from five E. faecium isolated from sprouts by the treatment with mitomycin C. The bacteriophages of D-19 and F-6 had long, non-contractile tails and icosahedral heads, and were members of Siphoviridae family. As the host spectrum, D-19 phage lysed five out of 55 strains of E. faecium, whereas F6 phage lysed only three strains. Both D-19 and F6 phages displayed similar and high stabilities against ethanol and pH capable of resisting the exposure to 100% ethanol and pH 4.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2016

Argonaute 2 (AtAGO2) is a well characterized effector protein in Arabidopsis for its functionalities associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB)-induced small RNAs (diRNAs) and for its inducible expression upon ${\gamma}$-irradiation. However, its transcriptional regulation depending on the recovery time after the irradiation and on the specific response to DSBs has been poorly understood. We analyzed the 1,313 bp promoter sequence of the AtAGO2 gene ($1.3kb_{pro}$) to characterize the transcriptional regulation of AtAGO2 at various recovery times after ${\gamma}$-irradiation. A stable transformant harboring $1.3kb_{pro}$ fused with GUS gene showed that the AtAGO2 is highly expressed in response to ${\gamma}$-irradiation, after which the expression of the gene is gradually decreased until 5 days of DNA damage recovery. We also confirm that the AtAGO2 expression patterns are similar to that of ${\gamma}$-irradiation after the treatments of radiomimetic genotoxins (bleomycin and zeocin). However, methyl methanesulfonate and mitomycin C, which are associated with the inhibition of DNA replication, do not induce the expression of the AtAGO2, suggesting that the expression of the AtAGO2 is closely related with DNA DSBs rather than DNA replication.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

The cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against chemical direct mutagens such as mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone of the 70% ethanol extracts of 29 colored rice varieties and chuchung as a control were examined. The results obtained using authentic alkaline phosphatase activity as a growth representative of the indicator cell E. coli PQ 37 demonstrated that the extracts of 13 kinds of colored rice varieties including Jumlalocal and Jumlalocal-1 showed strong toxic effect on the cell growth. However the extracts of DK 1, SC-5, LK 1A-2-12-1-1 and wx 139-3-64-20-3-1 seemed to have stimulatory effects on the cell growth. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the colored rice varieties were screened using SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity was detected from Jumalocal-1, IR 17491-5-4-3-3 and Jumlalocal. On the contrary, 7 samples including LK 1-3-6-12-1-1, Parnkhari 203, Jumlalocal, wx 139-3-64-20-3-1, Muthumanikam, HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1 and Jumlalocal-1 were shown to have antimutagenic acitivities against the chemical direct mutagens used in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

${\beta}$-(1,3)-D-Glucans have been known to exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The presence of dectin-1,${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-glucan receptor of dendritic cell, on macrophage has been controvertial. RT-PCR analysis led to the detection of dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in murine macrophage Raw264.7 cell line. Among the various organs of mouse, dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were detected in the thymus, lung, spleen, stomach and intestine. To analyze gene expression modulated by ${\beta}$-glucan treated murine Raw264.7 macrophage, total mRNA was applied to cDNA microarray to interrogate the expression of 7,000 known genes. cDNA chip analysis showed that ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus increased gene expressions of immunomodulating genes, membrane antigenic proteins, chemokine ligands, complements, cytokines, various kinases, lectin associated genes and oncogenes in Raw 264.7 cell line. When treated with ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus and LPS, induction of gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-R1 was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Induction of TNF-R type II expression was confirmed by FACS analysis. IL-6 expression was abolished by EDTA in ${\beta}$-glucan and LPS treated Raw264.7 cell line, indicating that ${\beta}$-glucan binds to dectin-l in a Ca$\^$＋＋/ -dependent manner. To increase antitumor efficacy of ${\beta}$-glucan, ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) was co-treated with ${\beta}$-glucan in vivo and in vitro tests. IC$\sub$50/ values of GRh2 were 20 and 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in SNU-1 and B16 melanoma F10 cell line, respectively. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed synergistic antitumor activity with cisplatin and mitomycin C both in vitro and in vivo. Single or co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 increased tumor bearing mouse life span. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed more increased life span with mitomycin C than that with cisplatin. Antitumor activities were 67% and 72 % by co-injection with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 in the absence or presence of mitomycin C, respectively.