• 제목/요약/키워드: Missing trait

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.023초

다형질 Threshold 개체모형에서 Missing 기록을 포함한 이산형 자료에 대한 Bayesian 분석 (Bayesian Analysis for Categorical Data with Missing Traits Under a Multivariate Threshold Animal Model)

  • 이득환
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.151-164
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    • 2002
  • 한우의 근내지방도 또는 임신 여부 등과 같이 이산형 분포의 성질을 갖는 다수의 형질들에 대한 유전모수 및 종축의 유전능력을 평가하기 위한 방법으로써 Threshold 모형하에서 Bayesian 추론방법의 일종인 Gibbs sampling방법을 모의실험을 통하여 알아보았으며 기록이 누락된 다수의 형질을 포함하는 다형질 Threshold 개체모형에서의 종축평가 방법론을 제시하였다. 이산형 형질의 관측치에 대응하는 임의의 잠재변수는 기록을 갖고 있는 형질들에 대한 사전정보를 고려한 사후조건확률분포에서 Gibbs sampling을 할 때 모수에 근접하는 확률분포를 얻을 수 있었으며 이러한 이산형 기록들에 대한 육종가 추정치는 선형모형에서 보다 Threshold 모형에서의 추정치가 실제 모수에 더욱 근접하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 기록이 누락된 개체들에 대한 이산형 분포를 갖는 형질들에 대하여 선형분포를 갖는 형질들과 함께 동시 유전분석할 때 Threshod 모형이 일반 선형모형 보다 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

성인의 스케일링 통증과 관련요인 (Scaling pain and related factors in adults)

  • 정은서;주연진;이가영;최유경;김수경
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.77-92
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review depression and anxiety associated with pain during scaling procedures, and to establish measures for reducing scaling pain encompassing not only physical factors but also psychological aspects of patients. This study also attempts to reduce anxiety through proper patient education prior to scaling procedures. Methods: In Seoul, and Gyeonggi area from July 26, 2017 to August 19, 2017, there were 327 copies of questionnaire data collected, excluding 23 questionnaires with insufficient information such as missing entries. The following inductions were made based on data collected. Results: There are positive correlations between pain and depression, dental anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Especially, stronger correlation is present between pain and dental anxiety. Depression (${\beta}=0.439$, p<0.001) is the most influential factor associated with pain. Next is dental anxiety (${\beta}=0.292$, p<0.001). Higher the depression and dental anxiety tend to increase pain over scaling procedure. This model is with adjusted explanatory power of 28.2%. Conclusions: The result demonstrates that there is a correlation between scaling pain and depression, dental anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Especially, depression and dental anxiety were prominent factors in affecting scaling pain. Therefore, considering aforementioned-findings, a dental hygienist's positive attitude may help in reducing the pain of the patient during scaling procedures, by affecting the psychological state of the patient and reduce the anxiety through proper education prior to scaling procedures.

Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) and Its Application for Improving the Genomic Estimated Breeding Values (GEBV) of the Berkshire Pork Quality Traits

  • Lee, Young-Sup;Jeong, Hyeonsoo;Taye, Mengistie;Kim, Hyeon Jeong;Ka, Sojeong;Ryu, Youn-Chul;Cho, Seoae
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권11호
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    • pp.1551-1557
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    • 2015
  • The missing heritability has been a major problem in the analysis of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). We introduced the traditional genome-wide association study (GWAS) into the BLUP to improve the heritability estimation. We analyzed eight pork quality traits of the Berkshire breeds using GWAS and BLUP. GWAS detects the putative quantitative trait loci regions given traits. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained using GWAS results with p value <0.01. BLUP analyzed with significant SNPs was much more accurate than that with total genotyped SNPs in terms of narrow-sense heritability. It implies that genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of pork quality traits can be calculated by BLUP via GWAS. The GWAS model was the linear regression using PLINK and BLUP model was the G-BLUP and SNP-GBLUP. The SNP-GBLUP uses SNP-SNP relationship matrix. The BLUP analysis using preprocessing of GWAS can be one of the possible alternatives of solving the missing heritability problem and it can provide alternative BLUP method which can find more accurate GEBVs.

빈곤한 아동의 현황 및 고찰 (The Poor Children's Status and Its Investigation)

  • 장혜자
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.257-270
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    • 2000
  • Poor children are a field of causing of various Issues and become a subject of sympathy, concern and anger, against adult's poor such as sleeper outdoors and unemployed to be made a subject of discussion. This study has theoretically investigated the poverty concept, family trait around poor children. And also for understanding the above status, poverty circumstances have been focused children family and shelter-care children. The conclusions are as follows. First, the family of children head was formed with children under fifteen years of age. It was reported that solo families were 26.4% and living together families with relatives were 64.7%. As status of producing causes, parents death was shown the most rate as 49% and abscondence or missing was 31.9%. Second, In the shelter-care aspect, the highest case is a parents-divorce with 42.5%, while children-head case is just shown 0.5%. Therefore, in a child right viewpoint, it needs more systematical/long-range study on children poverty, and some policies for protecting the poverty-children must be established in social policy.

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Bayesian mixed models for longitudinal genetic data: theory, concepts, and simulation studies

  • Chung, Wonil;Cho, Youngkwang
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.8.1-8.14
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    • 2022
  • Despite the success of recent genome-wide association studies investigating longitudinal traits, a large fraction of overall heritability remains unexplained. This suggests that some of the missing heritability may be accounted for by gene-gene and gene-time/environment interactions. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian variable selection method for longitudinal genetic data based on mixed models. The method jointly models the main effects and interactions of all candidate genetic variants and non-genetic factors and has higher statistical power than previous approaches. To account for the within-subject dependence structure, we propose a grid-based approach that models only one fixed-dimensional covariance matrix, which is thus applicable to data where subjects have different numbers of time points. We provide the theoretical basis of our Bayesian method and then illustrate its performance using data from the 1000 Genome Project with various simulation settings. Several simulation studies show that our multivariate method increases the statistical power compared to the corresponding univariate method and can detect gene-time/ environment interactions well. We further evaluate our method with different numbers of individuals, variants, and causal variants, as well as different trait-heritability, and conclude that our method performs reasonably well with various simulation settings.

Comparative Genomics Study of Interferon-$\alpha$ Receptor-1 in Humans and Chimpanzees

  • Kim, Il-Chul;Chi, Seung-Wook;Kim, Dae-Won;Choi, Sang-Haeng;Chae, Sung-Hwa;Park, Hong-Seog
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.142-148
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    • 2005
  • The immune response-related genes have been suggested to be the most favorable genes for positive selection during evolution. Comparing the entire DNA sequence of chimpanzee chromosome 22 (PTR22) with human chromosome 21 (HSA21), we have identified 15 orthologs having indel in their coding sequences. Among them, interferon-${\alpha}$ receptor-1 gene (IFNAR1), an immuneresponse-related gene, is subjected to comparative genomic analysis. Chimpanzee IFNAR1 showed the same genomic structure as human IFNAR1 (11 exons and 10 introns) except the 3 bp insertion in exon 4. The sequence alignment of IFNAR1 coding sequence indicated that 'ISPP' amino acid sequence motif is highly conserved in chimpanzee and other animals including mouse and chicken. However, the human IFNAR1 shows that one proline residue is missing in the sequence motif. The homology modeling of the IFNAR1 structures suggests that the proline deletion in human IFNAR1 leads to the formation of the following ${\alpha}$-helix, whereas two sequential prolines in chimpanzee IFNAR1 inhibit it. As a result, human IFNAR1 may adopt a characteristic structure distinct from chimpanzee IFNAR1. This human specific trait could contribute to specific immune response in the most optimized manner for humans. Further molecular biological studies on the IFNAR1 will help us to gain insights into the molecular implication of species-specific host-pathogen interaction in primate evolution.

A Study on Morphology and Behavior of the Sapsaree : A Korean native dog (Canis familiaris)

  • Han, Kook-Il;Alam, Mahboob;Lee, Yun-Mi;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Ha, Ji-Hong;Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제52권6호
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    • pp.481-490
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to characterize the morphological and behavior patterns of Sapsaree dogs. The population (n=8,256) has been constructed since 1990 over 12 generations and managed at the Sapsaree Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk province. Eighteen morphological and seven behavioral traits were investigated for 882 individuals. Linear models were applied for each trait by fitting sex, season of birth, hair color or test age. The averages of body weight, body length, body height, and depth of chest were $20.5{\pm}2.4\;kg$, $57.3{\pm}4.2\;cm$, $52.1{\pm}3.6\;cm$, and $21.1{\pm}2.4\;cm$, respectively. Males had greater estimated values than females for these body conformation traits. The chocolate Sapsarees had greater averages for body weight, body height and chest depth. The older animals (>2 years) had heavier body weight than younger animals. About 54, 69, 97, 39 and 83.3% of the Sapsarees had hairs with yellow color, straight, medium to long, untangled, and longer around eyes, respectively. Also, about 40% brown eye, 43% curly tail, 78% normal jaw, 86% no missing teeth, 90% no dewclaw, and >90% with black nose, pendent ear, tongue without spots were observed. About 95% males were normal in testicles state. The males performed significantly better than the females for majority of the behavioral traits. For nerve stability, affability, wariness, adaptability, sharpness, activity, and reaction during blood drawn about 79%, 73%, 76%, 61%, 70%, 48% and 81% of the Sapsarees performed at desired level. In general, the Sapsarees showed good characteristics for both morphological and behavioral traits, which can be exploited to use the Sapsaree breed as a companion or guide dog.

사회 불안 장애에 대한 한의복합치료의 효과: 후향적 관찰 연구 (A Retrospective Study on the Effect of Complex Korean Medicine Treatment on Social Anxiety Disorder)

  • 김종환;유종호
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to observe the progression of symptoms according to the treatment period of patients with social anxiety disorder who received complex Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The medical records of 25 patients who were diagnosed with social anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and received complex Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy) for 12 weeks were analyzed. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Korean-Social Avoidance and Distress scale (K-SAD), and the Korean-Fear of Negative Evaluation (K-FNE) were measured at the initial hospital visit and during the 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Missing values were replaced with the average evaluation index value at that time. Results: 1) Statistically significant changes in STAI-X1, STAI-X2, BDI-II, BAI, K-SAD, and K-FNE scores were seen according to the time of treatment. 2) When scores were compared between each treatment time point, STAI-X2 and BDI-II showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and four weeks of treatment, the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment, and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. STAI-X1 and K-FNE showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. There was a statistically significant change in BAI scores between the initial visit and the 12th week of treatment. Conclusions: Complex Korean medicine treatment alleviated anxiety, depression, fear, and avoidance of social situation symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder. The longer the treatment period, the more symptoms tended to be alleviated. However, the evidence should be supplemented with prospective, controlled research.

제주마 집단의 혈연 정보량과 정보 오류가 유전 모수 추정치에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Amount of Pedigree Information and Parental Misidentification of Progeny on Estimates of Genetic Parameters in Jeju Race Horses)

  • 김남영;이성수;양영훈
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2014
  • 제주마 경주 능력 개량을 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위하여 혈통 정보량과 오류량이 유전 모수 추정에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 혈통 자료는 램덤으로 혈통 정보의 삭제(0~25%) 또는 오류 유발(0~25%)과 각 수준별 20회 반복으로 모의자료를 형성하였다. 분석에 이용된 형질은 제주마 1,000m 경주의 주파 시간을 이용하였고, 상가적 유전 분산의 추정은 DF-REMLAI 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 개체의 양부모에 대한 정보 유실량과 오류량의 증가는 선형적인 회귀관계로 상가적 유전 분산 성분(유실 b = -0.079, 오류 b= -0.114)과 유전력 추정치(유실, b= -0.006; 오류, b = 0.008)의 감소를 초래했다(p<0.01). 특히 개체의 양부모에 대한 정보유실보다는 정보 오류가 상가적 유전분산량과 유전력 추정치를 보다 크게 왜곡하는 것으로 나타났다. 부 또는 모에 대한 정보의 유실과 오류의 증가도 대부분 오차 분산 성분과 영구 환경 분산 성분의 증가를 유발시키고, 상가적 유전 분산성분의 감소를 가져왔다. 원자료에서 얻은 모수를 기준으로 했을 때 양부모에 대한 정보의 유실량과 오류량이 1% 증가함에 따라 유전력은 각각 0.92% 및 1.39%씩 낮아지는 관계를 보였다 (p<0.01). 제주마의 1,000m 주파 속도에 대한 유전력은 0.60으로 추정되었지만, 초기 집단에 존재하는 혈통 정보의 누락 및 오류를 고려한다면 실제보다도 10% 정도는 낮게 추정되고 있다고 사료되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 상가적 유전 분산량의 감소는 물론, 선발에 따른 제주마의 경주 능력에 대한 유전적 개량량에도 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다.