• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4373-4377
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• 2013

Background: The majority of cervical cancers, the most prevalent cancer among Nepali women, are diagnosed in advanced stage leading to high mortality in Nepal. The present study explored factors associated with late diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two specialized cancer hospitals of Nepal from August 12 to October 12, 2012. Randomly selected 110 cervical cancer patients were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to predict associations. Results: Mean age of patients was 52.7years (SD=10.6), 66% were illiterate and 77% were rural inhabitants. Medical shops (33.6%) and private hospitals (31%) were major first contact points of patients with health care providers (HCP). There was no cervical/per-speculum examination (78.2%) and symptoms misinterpretation (90%) of patients occurred in initial consultation with HCP. Four in every five cases (80.9%) of cervical cancer had late diagnosis. Literate women (adjusted OR=0.121, CI: 0.030-0.482) and women having abnormal vaginal bleeding as early symptom (adjusted OR=0.160, CI: 0.035-0.741) were less likely to suffer late diagnosis. Women who shared their symptoms late (adjusted OR=4.272, CI: 1.110-16.440) and did so with people other than their husband (adjusted OR=12.701, CI: 1.132-142.55) were more likely for late diagnosis. Conclusions: High level of illiteracy among women and their problematic health seeking behavior for gynecological symptoms are responsible for late diagnosis of cervical cancer in Nepal. In the absence of a routine screening program, prevention interventions should be focused on raising awareness of gynecological symptoms and improving health seeking behavior of women for such symptoms.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2003

이 연구에서는$2NO_2\;{\rightleftarrow}\;N_2O_4$계의 평형에 미치는 압력의 영향을 색깔 변화를 통해 관찰하는 실험과 관련하여 고등학교 화학교과서와 일반화학교재에 나타난 내용을 분석하고, 교과서에 제시된 실험 방법을 개선하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구 결과, $2NO_2\;{\rightleftarrow}\;N_2O_4$계를 압축시킬 때 부피 감소에 따른 $NO_2$ 농도 증가 요인을 무시하고 적갈색이 엷어지는 것으로 기술하고 있고, 압축 시 일어나는 현상들의 원인을 해석하는 데 오류가 있었다. 따라서 이론적인 연구를 토대로 $2NO_2\;{\rightleftarrow}\;N_2O_4$계를 압축할 때 일어나는 색깔 변화와 온도 변화를 정량적으로 측정하여 비교함으로써 올바른 해석을 제시하였다. 또한,$2NO_2\;{\rightleftarrow}\;N_2O_4$계의 압축 시, 부피 감소에 따른 $NO_2$ 농도 증가 효과를 배제하고 순수한 평형 이동에 따른 색깔 변화만을 관찰할 수 있는 개선된 실험 방법을 제시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2006

해양탐사에 있어 자료취득은 자료 처리 및 해석 분야 못지않게 아주 중요한 분야 중의 하나이지만 탐사 장비를 개발하는 상업적인 회사 중심으로 발전을 했기 때문에 해양지구물리 분야를 전공한 사람이라도 자료 취득 분야에 대한 정보가 상대적으로 적을 수 있다. 따라서 해양지구물리 탐사 계획을 수립하는데 필요한 일반적인 탐사 방법과 정보를 소개함으로써 체계적이고 효율적인 탐사를 수행하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 탐사 계획을 수립할 때 가장 우선시 할 것이 요구되는 탐사 심도 및 해상력을 근거로 탄성파 탐사 장비를 먼저 선정한 후 측선 간격을 설정한다. 측선 간격은 연구 목적에 따라 다르지만 일반적으로 밝히고자 하는 지하구조 크기보다 작아야 하며 다중빔 음향 측심자료를 100% 취득하고자 하면 장비 특성에 따라 적절하게 설정을 한다. 또한 수심, 중력 및 자력 자료를 기존에 조사한 자료와 통합을 하는 경우에는 측선과 측선 사이의 교차 지점에서 발생하는 교차점 오차에 의한 인위적인 이상대를 제거해야만 올바른 해석을 할 수 있다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2009

Objectives : In Korea the practice of folk remedies is widely spread. One of the main uses is the utilization of pumpkin in postpartum edema. While this practice is widely propagated no one could exactly define the evidence of its uses. Therefore we aimed to provide literature evidence of correct prescription in postpartum edema. Methods : As the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema is particular to korea, we revised all the medical book published from the 17th century, the time supposed to have been introduced pumpkin in Korean peninsula. We also researched the prescription mainly used in postpartum edema, and the common main herbal component, succium. As pumpkin and succium is homophony to 'Ho bak' in korean it had the possibility of being misinterpreted. Results : On our literature research we found the precautions of pumpkin to provoke gi-stagnatio and dampness obstruction and that it was restricted while the recovery of all kind of diseases as well as in puerperium. The main reason of postpartum edema is caused by blood stasis which when the blood gains its normal circulation, edema is dispersed by itself. For this propose main prescription was Jogyeongsan調經散 type with its main component succium which medical properties are cited in all medical classics consistently. From the literature of "Juchonsinbang" and "Uibanghapbu" we found three different prescriptions, Hobakgo琥珀膏, Hobakgo胡朴膏, and Namgwago南瓜膏 which contents and their medical proposes were equal. Conclusions : By these finding we could refer that the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema was caused by homophonic reasonal misinterpretation of succinum in korean. This research provides the literature evidence to correct pumpkin's misuse and also the necessity of restriction of the use of even most common products for medical proposes and/or at least the importance of being guided by the experts.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital panoramic radiography (DPR) for the detection of pulp stones. Materials and Methods: DPR and CBCT images of 202 patients were randomly selected from the database of our department. All teeth were evaluated in sagittal, axial, and coronal sections in CBCT images. The systemic condition of patients, the presence of pulp stones, the location of the tooth, the group of teeth, and the presence and depth of caries and restorations were recorded. The presence of pulp stones in molar teeth was compared between DPR and CBCT images. Results: Pulp stones were identified in 105 (52.0%) of the 202 subjects and in 434 (7.7%) of the 5,656 teeth examined. The prevalence of pulp stones was similar between the sexes and across various tooth locations and groups of teeth (P>.05). A positive correlation was observed between age and the number of pulp stones(${\rho}=0.277$, P<.01). Pulp stones were found significantly more often in restored or carious teeth (P<.001). CBCT and DPR showed a significant difference in the detection of pulp stones(P<.001), which were seen more often on DPR than on CBCT. Conclusion: DPR, as a 2D imaging system, has inherent limitations leading to the misinterpretation of pulp stones. Restored and carious teeth should be carefully examined for the presence of pulp stones. CBCT imaging is recommended for a definitive assessment in cases where there is a suspicion of a pulp stone on DPR.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.402-406
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• 2010

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a delta-retrovirus which causes chronic lymphocytosis in cattle. BLV infections have been divided into two groups such as enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) according to the clinical symptoms in infected cattle. The conventional detection method of BLV was hematological procedure which is determining lymphocytosis in the suspected animals. Recently several sensitive methods were developed to detect antibody to BLV and nucleic acid of the BLV from infected cattle. In this study we have compared the difference of positive rates between agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which are using for BLV antibody detection methods. The positive detection rate of ELISA test was 7.4% greater than the positive rate of AGID. The discrepancy of the positive rate between ELISA and AGID were showed in the group of age over one year old to under three year old group. The result from each test agreed very well in the group of over 5 year old cattles. The serological test is very useful method to select the infected cattle for the eradication or control of the disease in the infected herd. But it has a limit by interference of the maternal antibody from the cow of under 6 month old. This study shows that 16.2% of these ages group showed BLV gene positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The result suggests that ELISA test need to be used with PCR to clarify misinterpretation of positive animals by antibody response due to the natural infection from maternally derived antibody in calves of under 6 months old.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.249-272
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• 2015

연구성과평가와 연구비 배분에 인용분석을 포함한 계량정보학적 분석방법이 많이 사용되고 있으며, 부적절한 적용 및 해석에 대한 우려와 지적 또한 계속되고 있다. 이에 따라 최근 연구성과평가 지침과 권고안이 학술 커뮤니티와 계량서지학적 연구집단에서 연이어 발표되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 2015년 발표된 라이덴 선언(Leiden Manifesto)을 중심으로 Thomson Reuters 백서, 프랑스 과학원 권고안, DORA 선언, IEEE 권고안을 비교하고 이를 통해 국내 연구성과평가 환경에의 제안 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 비교분석 결과, 다수의 권고안은 연구의 목적과 연구 주제분야별 특성을 반영하고 다양한 지표를 활용한 다면적 평가를 통해 총체적인 평가를 지향하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 국내 연구성과평가시스템 적용에서 고려해 볼 주요 권고안이라고 할 수 있으며, 추후 이에 대한 이해관계자들의 의견 수렴 등을 통하여 국내 연구성과시스템에의 적용가능성을 보다 심층적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1999

현재까지 전기비저항 탐사자료의 해석은 대부분 지하구조가 1차원 또는 2차원으로 가정하는데 근간을 두고 있다. 그러나, 국내와 같이 지질구조가 복잡하며 지형의 기복이 심한 경우, 이와 같은 가정을 사용은 전기비저항 탐사자료의 해석에 오류를 야기할 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 3차원적으로 복잡하게 변화하는 지하구조 및 지형의 기복에 의한 지형효과를 정확히 계산할 수 있는 유한요소법에 의한 3차원 전기비저항 모델링 알고리듬을 근간으로 하는 역산 알고리듬을 개발하였다. 이 알고리듬은 ACB(Active Constraint Balancing)법을 채용함으로써 역산의 분해능 향상을 기하였다. 간단한 3차원 지하구조 및 지형기복에 대한 수치모형 실험결과 지표의 불규칙한 기복을 포함하여 역산을 수행함으로써 정확한 지하구조 영상을 획득할 수 있음을 보였으며, 국내의 교량건설 예정부지에서 수행된 격자망을 이룬 전기비저항 탐사자료에 대한 3차원 역산 결과 매우 신뢰도 높은 지하구조에 대한 영상을 도출할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1994

성학대보고가 부모로부터 먼저 나왔을 경우, 부모가 양육권이나 면접권과 연관된 분쟁중에 보고되었을 경우 및 아동이 학령전 아동일 경우, 정신감정자는 위(僞) 성학대를 일단 의심하여야 한다고 한다. 저자는, 보육원에 수용된 10세 여아로서 경도의 정신지체를 보이고 있고 자발적으로 성학대보고를 한 환아의 정신감정을 하는 과정중에 위 성학대보고라고 판단된 환아 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 환아의 거짓보고에 대한 병리적 기전에 대한 고찰과 함께 이와 연관된 문헌고찰을 하였다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.262-271
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• 2011

In this work, we present a unified analytical surface potential model, valid for both PD and FD SOI MOSFETs. Our model is based on a simplified one dimensional and purely analytical approach, and builds upon an existing model, proposed by Yu et al. [4], which is one of the most recent compact analytical surface potential models for SOI MOSFETs available in the literature, to improve its accuracy and remove its inconsistencies, thereby adding to its robustness. The model given by Yu et al. [4] fails entirely in modeling the variation of the front surface potential with respect to the changes in the substrate voltage, which has been corrected in our modified model. Also, [4] produces self-inconsistent results due to misinterpretation of the operating mode of an SOI device. The source of this error has been traced in our work and a criterion has been postulated so as to avoid any such error in future. Additionally, a completely new expression relating the front and back surface potentials of an FD SOI film has been proposed in our model, which unlike other models in the literature, takes into account for the first time in analytical one dimensional modeling of SOI MOSFETs, the contribution of the increasing inversion charge concentration in the silicon film, with increasing gate voltage, in the strong inversion region. With this refinement, the maximum percent error of our model in the prediction of the back surface potential of the SOI film amounts to only 3.8% as compared to an error of about 10% produced by the model of Yu et al. [4], both with respect to MEDICI simulation results.