• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.37-57
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• 2022

Purpose -International diplomacy is key for the cohesive economic growth of countries around the world. This study aims to identify the major topics discussed and make sense of word pairs used in sentences by Chinese senior leaders during their diplomatic visits. It also compares the differences between key topics addressed during diplomatic visits to developed and developing countries. Design/methodology - We employed three methods: word frequency, co-word, and semantic network analysis. Text data are crawling state and official visit news released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China regarding diplomatic visits undertaken from 2015-2019. Findings - The results show economic and diplomatic relations most prominently during state and official visits. The discussion topics were classified according to nine centrality keywords most central to the structure and had the maximum influence in China. Moreover, the results showed that China's diplomatic issues and strategies differ between developed and developing countries. The topics mentioned in developing countries were more diverse. Originality/value - Our study proposes an effective approach to identify key topics in Chinese diplomatic talks with other countries. Moreover, it shows that discussion topics differ for developed and developing countries. The findings of this research can help researchers conduct empirical studies on diplomacy relationships and extend our method to other countries. Additionally, it can significantly help key policymakers gain insights into negotiations and establish a good diplomatic relationship with China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

The Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) was revised the penal provisions of the breach of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) recently. The ceiling of penalties became to 5 years for imprisonment, one hundred or three hundred million won for fine. The level of penalties are adjudged quite fair but the amount of penalty should be increased according to the profits from the breach or the nature of crime in some cases. The problems of the penalties are differences between KFTA and other related laws. There are related several laws on the breach of the COOL such as KFTA, Unfair Trade related Law, Customs Law, Consumer Protection Law, Law of COOL on Agricultural and Marine products etc. The penal provisions of the breach of the COOL has more heavier level than other the breach because of the criminal qualities. The problems are the penalty differences between the KFTA and the Unfair Trade Law under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The KFTA's penal provisions need to equate with Unfair Trade Law as long as same breaches on the COOL. The government can also consider some policies to rigid enforcement of breaches on the COOL. There are the Country of Origin Tracking system, the RoO Paparazzi System, Make public the names of habitual RoO Violators, Correction Order of breach of the COOL etc.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.81-89
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting Logistics capabilities for Logistics Service Providers in Vietnam. Researchers inherited and developed based on previous research to focus on analyzing and evaluating dynamics, measuring Logistics capabilities, and the factors affecting Logistics capabilities for Logistics Service Providers. The logistics capabilities Model is used based on three factors: customer demand management capability, innovation capability, and information management capability. The empirical analysis used data from the survey data of l90 managers of Logistics Service Providers in Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hue, Hanoi with reliable tools (SPSS 26.0 software). The data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and multi-linear regression model based on the survey data. The research results identified the following factors affecting Logistics capabilities for Logistics Service Providers: innovation capability has the strongest impact on Logistics capabilities; customer demand management capability has the following strong effects on Logistics capabilities; and finally, information management capability that affects Logistics capabilities. There is also a positive relationship between all factors and Logistics capabilities. Several recommendations are further suggested to enhance to improve Logistics capabilities for Logistics Service Providers in Vietnam.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 2017

As to 'E-Commerce Trade' or 'The Cross Border E-Commerce (CBEC)' which has shown rapid diffusion, Korean government is providing active support on the basis of idea that it has profound impact on increase of export. However, sporadic support propelled by various ministries and agencies are not effective and efficient at all on actual circumstances. Consequently, in order to promote consistency, effectiveness, and efficiency of supporting policy, it is desirable to clarify competent ministry and the duty of cooperation to the other ministries and agencies. For its own sake, it is necessary to amend each existing laws which scattered all over the business territory, or to legislate new enactments. Yet these methods are extremely tough to carry out, therefore, it seems that amending 'Electronic Trade Facilitation Act', which already exist and regulate 'paperless trade' would be a realistic alternative. For the diffusion of Korean CBEC especially export, in this study the author insists that amending this law to promote CBEC is the most reasonable way comparing to other ways with several reference materials.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.221-235
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• 2019

SMEs are experiencing difficulties in doing sales promotion due to the low awareness of the image of the company and the products produced by them in the global market. Therefore, the Government should seek ways to raise awareness of SMEs' image and products. SMEs have to carry out global innovation activities needed to develop new products or new technologies, but they are exposed to limitations of these innovative activities due to the limit of their available resources. Therefore, as a national project, the Ministry of SMEs and Startups and the Small and Medium Business Corporation are doing project for fostering and constructing global shopping mall (independent mall) so that SMEs can strengthen their global innovation activities. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to succeeding in the project for fostering and constructing global shopping mall (independent mall) by studying the case of Zungle Incorporation which operates a global shopping mall and greatly increases exports by participating in this project, and identifying success factors of Zungle Incorporation in doing this project.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-107
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• 2010

A comprehensive electronic trade portal such as the electronic bills of lading, e-negotiations and so on, is developed by the Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy and International Trade Association and serviced by KTNET. The portal, so called u-TradeHub, formally started to provide its services on 22nd May, 2009. If the shipper issues electronic bills of lading, the negotiating bank examines it through the established e-Nego system. However, the issuing bank overseas cannot examine the electronic bills of lading, because any interactive system does not exist. So, after the e-Nego, the electronic bills of lading gets automatically transformed into the paper-type electronic bills of lading and issuing bank examine paper B/L. In process of examining documents, the beneficiary using electronic means in letter of credit transactions may face some risks such as the corruption to the electronic bill of lading after its issuance by the carrier, the corruption after e-Nego and the corruption after the presentation to the issuing bank. In this paper, we studied the problems on corruptions to occur in the middle of the examination process of the electronic bills of lading and suggestions how to solve them are discussed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

According to the Korea Ministry of Transportation report in 2015, domestic used car trade (3.66million) is twice the number of new car sales (1.84million). However, contrary to the quantitative growth of the used car trading volume, chaotic used-car market practice has not been improved and also, space that holds these markets (facilities) has remained at a very low level of quality. Lemon Market, asymmetry of information, false bait, tout, dual contracts, negative words that qualify the used car market information are still in place. The aim of this study was to understand the unique circumstances of the used car sales market distinguished from new cars, and to analyse the problems of recent domestic used car market facilities and afterwards to draw guidelines for new used car facility architecture. Through literature review, surveys, the characteristics of domestic used car market have been organised and field research and competitive analysis of the Korea used car market architecture is followed. As a result, empirical guideline for Korea used-car market facility is introduced.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.39-44
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate whether Korea's economic growth can be explained by the endogenous growth theory. Specifically, we test whether R&D expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - We hypothesize that R&D expenditure has a positive effect on the economic growth after adding control variables in the growth equation. Korean annual data from 1963 to 2011 from Science and Technology Annual of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the Bank of Korea, etc. are used. We estimate the growth equation by GMM in addition to OLS. Results - We found that R&D expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth after adding the ratio of investment to GDP, the ratio of FDI to GDP, the ratio of government expenditure to GDP, inflation and the ratio of trade openness to GDP as control variables in the growth equation. Conclusions - Our results show that Korea's rapid economic growth for the past five decades can be explained by the R&D-based endogenous economic growth theory. Our results suggest that the policy attention of the Korean government be paid to R&D promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.256-268
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• 2004

Korea remains one of the few countries in the world that has not participated in any formal regionalism except its first FTA with chile which was just recently concluded. The lack or regionalism in Northeast Asia reflects post-war national policies that favored international export markets as an engine of economic growth. Based on a survey of 50 firms in Korea, this paper examines the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism in terms of computer industry. The results show that the industry favors international rather than regional markets for its continued export growth. According to the results, accelerated trade liberalization measures through the mutilateralism of the WTO dilute the demand for and negative impacts from regionalism. Overall, the results suggest that the Korean computer industry supports a trading system with a strong multilateral commitment based on non-discrimination.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an effective construction project cost estimation tool for preparing a business plan of healthcare facilities which can be practically used for development projects. Methods: In order to provide a tool for calculating construction project costs, this study analyzed the Building and Related Laws, the Building Technology Promotion Laws, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport notifications and directives, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy notifications, the detailed guidelines of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, the Building Service Industry Promotion Acts, various certification standards, actual project budget calculation cases, etc. with advices from related experts. Results: 1) Construction cost is classified into construction costs, architectural design costs, supervision costs, incidental costs, and each sub-element. In particular, since there are many incidental cost items, essential items to be reviewed during planning are derived and costs are calculated according to appropriate consideration criteria. 2) Criteria for Payment calculation mainly applies the construction cost rate method or the actual cost fixed amount method in consideration of the characteristics and scope of work. Implications: There are many calculation factors that need to be applied to the construction project cost. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the calculation process more clearly.