• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.587-614
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• 2018

The Korean government is aiming to strengthen industrial and national competitiveness through the promotion of cooperation between universities, public research institutes and industry and vitalization of technology transfer. In 2013 and 2014, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning have announced policies to support SMEs by public research organizations. In addition, in 2015, the 'Korean Fraunhofer support system', which pay government subsidies according to the amounts of private R&D funds was adopted. However, there are some concern about the government's policies. There is yet disclosed how these policies affect technology transfer because industrial R&D funding has not been activated in Korea unlike German. Therefore this paper analyzes effects of relationship between universities, public research institutes and external organizations on performance of technology transfer based on the Triple Helix Model. Empirical results show that the relationship with the government has a significant impact on the resource security and the relationship with the industry has a significant effect on the diffusion of the performance. In addition, a public research institute was selected and case analysis was conducted to suggest policy implications for improving the technology transfer performance of universities and public research institutes.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

As commercial use of genetic resources increases in modern society, calls for fair and equitable sharing of the benefits thereof have become increasingly prominent, particularly from developing countries. As a result, negotiations have been ongoing for the "International Regime on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)" for genetic resources as a successor to the non-binding Bonn Guideline. 2010 has been set as the target date for the Agreement. As South Korea is more likely to be a user country of genetic resources, it will be necessary for it to take part in the negotiating process and contribute to creating the International Regime on ABS, to ensure both appropriate access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising there from. To develop appropriate response strategies for South Korea, it is critical not only to closely examine the negotiations within the framework of the CBD but also to engage in discussions within thescope of related international organizations and domestic legislation. To achieve this goal, it is imperative for South Korea to form a comprehensive Government Response System, composed of relevant governmental bodies including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the Ministry of Environment, etc.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.40
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• pp.97-144
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to review the text of national legislation relating to the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by air in major states such as United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Russia and China, and to compare the air carrier's liability under the national legislations of above states with them under the Warsaw System relating to the international carriage by air. Also this paper reviews the text of the draft legislation relating to the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage by air in Korea. The Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage was adopted in 1929. In 1999, the ICAO adopted the Montreal Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air vastly modernizing the unification of private air law. The Montreal Convention replaced the instruments of the “Warsaw System”, and came into force on 4 November 2003. The Montreal Convention is not only an international convention. It has also exercised a considerable influence on national legislation. A the Convention, or certain of its principles, with the object of regulating their national air transport. The main feature of the liability regime of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention is the two-tier liability system for death or injury of the passenger with strict liability up to 100,000 SDR and presumptive liability with a reversed burden of proof without any limit above that threshold. The principles of the liability of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention have been adopted into national legislations by the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Russia and China. Now the Ministry of Justice of Korea is proceeding to make a new national legislation relating to the liability of the air carrier in respect of the carriage by air. The draft legislation of the Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Commercial Code of Korea has adopted the main principles of the liability of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention. In conclusion, the national legislation relating to the liability of the air carrier in Korea will contribute to settle efficiently the dispute on the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by air.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_3
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• pp.1183-1190
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• 2022

Recently, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced a plan to reduce the proportion of economic evaluation in non-metropolitan areas and strengthen balanced development evaluation through the reorganization of the preliminary feasibility study system. In addition, the social value of the quality of life, such as job, environment, and safety, which may be affected by the implementation of transportation facility investment projects, was reflected as the main item of policy evaluation. In this study, the ripple effect of the project in terms of social value was reviewed for the Gangil-Chuncheon. The effect of highway opening was investigated by reviewing the feasibility report, post-evaluation report, and statistical indicators. Recently, the Gangil-Chuncheon highway is getting used by around 110,000 people per day. The number of tourists in Chuncheon rapidly has increased from 5 million a year to more than 11 million now. In addition, it was confirmed to produce effects such as population migration, net inflow and land price increase, improvement of living convenience, and expansion of emergency medical care. Although this ripple effect was influenced by various socio-economic factors as well as the opening of the highway, it is clear that it is difficult to occur without the opening of the highway. It is judged that the evaluation of indirect benefits and social values due to the opening of the highway can be quantified through continuous research and data construction. Post-evaluation of construction works, including project efficiency evaluation and ripple effect evaluation, is performed for construction works with a construction cost of more than 50 billion won. In the future, we will continuously improve the evaluation system in order to evaluate the indirect benefits and social values of public investment projects.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.307-326
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• 2009

The present study suggests a concept of resources circulation type agriculture and a concept of a livestock zone related to it and evaluated economical efficiency about a possibility of the resources circulation type livestock zone based on the concept. As a result, when the resources circulation type livestock zone is operated in an area of 1,300ha, it was evaluated that the profit of 11,244 hundred thousand won per year is generated, compared to the conventional agriculture. When light and heat expenses and roughage of Hanwoo production, production of TMR forage as well as income of the energy and composting business of livestock manure at the recycling center were considered in addition to that, it was judged that the present zone development bushiness has enough business feasibility. However, it is necessary that the support regulations, etc. is constructed so that all produced compost byproducts are used at farmhouses and the system related to facility investment assurance and assistance of operating expenses is maintained. It is thought that the complement of a system is also necessary so that energy or power generation expenses can be operated in the same conditions as other new & renewable energy, and the nation's purchase of carbon credits(CDM) is investigated and systemized in the early period, and construction of a revitalization plan of the business through budget securing of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry related to the trade of CDM and carbon emission rights is also a business that should be urgently developed. In the future, the change of an outside environment will further promote use of the energy. Also, as people, who don't know agriculture. farm village, increase day by day because of population concentration in a city, an opportunity that can new added value through experience tourism or educational programs utilizing them is increasing. Accordingly, if programs utilizing social characteristics, such as utilization as a space of tourism. leisure. experience, system construction of bio-energy and system construction that Micro Grid or Smart Grid as a dispersed storage and generation system is stabilized, are constructed, it can be said that revitalization or success conditions of the zone is further achieved.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.480-491
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the problems encountered when analyzing the market size, purchase, and consumption of HMR (home meal replacements) in the Republic of Korea. Methods: The macro data relevant to the market size and purchase status of HMR were critically summarized. The micro data retrieved from the 2019 & 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed to understand the consumption of HMR. Results: The Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation and the Ministry of Food and Drug Administration reported the market size of HMR, whereas the Korean Rural Economic Institute and the Rural Development Administration reported the purchase expense and frequencies of HMR. Since the values on the market size and purchase status were calculated or surveyed using different scopes of HMR, there have been reliability issues for the data presented. Additionally, lack of consensus on the use of Korean terms corresponding to HMR was found to be a problem. To examine the consumption of HMR, analysis of the food intake data from KNHANES presented results with very low validity due to the inappropriate survey and coding scheme not reflecting the inclusion of new food types. Conclusions: Several problematic discrepancies were encountered in the statistics on HMR. The fundamental cause of these problems was the absence of agreement on the scope of HMR and the Korean terms corresponding to it. Considering the increasing importance of HMR in Korean diets, urgent cooperative efforts are required between the government and academia to derive an agreed Korean term and establish the scope of HMR.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1003-1013
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• 2015

The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy is now placing emphasis on the importance of a new and renewable energy resource map service as an essential means of promoting the dissemination and adoption of renewable energy and other related industrial activities. To raise satisfaction with the new and renewable energy resource map service and promote its utilization, a survey was conducted on a sample group with an academic research background, i.e. employees of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) who have a thorough understanding of the technological concepts behind the new and renewable energy resource map. Statistical analysis of the survey results showed a high level of overall satisfaction with the web service for the new and renewable energy resource map. Therefore, it was concluded that the development of practical contents rather than the enhancement of web service convenience is required. A statistically significant trend was also observed whereby, the longer the professional career of the survey respondents, the greater their perception and utilization of, and satisfaction with, the enhanced service, which indicates that their level of understanding and utilization of technological concepts corresponds to their research experience record. In addition, the results obtained from the questionnaires regarding the evaluation of the utilization value of the resource map service indicated that use of the service was equally high in terms of political, business and academic applications. The results confirmed the need to develop multidimensional resource map contents that can be applied to as many fields as possible, rather than focusing on a specific terrain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2006

This study was performed to deduct the extension possibility of the standards establishment for $NO_2$, $O_3$, Asbestos, Radon, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) excluded in the indoor air part of Industrial Safety Acts in Korea. The air pollutants were sampled for 30 office buildings from August to September, 2005 in the metropolitan area. The airborne concentrations of $NO_2$, $O_3$, Radon and TVOC were 0.0092 ppm, 0.0035 ppm, 0.57 pCi/L and $423{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The management plan and reduction methods is required in the aspect of indoor air quality(IAQ) because the emission sources of those also exist in indoor as well as outdoor even though those were not exceeded the standards of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. The standard for TVOC in the new and remodeling office has to be established based on the risk assessment when hazard index exceeded "1" in the worst case scenario. In the state of art, the management of each volatile organic compounds has a difficulty due to not enough data for toxicological reference. Therefore, it is suggested that first of all, the standard for TVOC be established and then expanded to each materials for decision-making of improvement of IAQ in office.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the status of maternity protection in the industries for the development of educational database used by occupational health nurses (OHNs). Method: 100 OHNs were purposively sampled and they were charged in the occupational health manager of their own industries. Data were collected by the postal mail, the response rate was 53.0%, and analysis rate was 43.0%. Result: The results were as follows; 1. Most of subjects responded there was the institutionalization of a special holiday for woman workers (97.7%) and 90 days maternity leave (95.4%). Otherwise, the numbers of industry were smaller in the case of providing the breast-feeding time, temporary rest from office for child raring, restriction of hazard job, night job, and over time. The application rates were lower than the rate of institutionalization of all maternity protection items. 2. There were significant differences in institutionalization of maternity protection by the activity of the trade union. And the numbers of the industry applying the maternity protection were significantly different by the area and the types of industry. 3. Most OHNs responded 17 subjects were needed to the maternity protection education for women workers. Conclusion: It would be needed to develop the maternity protection education database in base of the status of maternity protection in the industries and the need of maternity protection education. The role of OHNs for maternity protection was expected to activate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1548-1557
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal ${\beta}$-glucan on productive performances, health, carcass traits and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Two hundred and ten of one-day-old chicks with equal sex were assigned to seven experimental groups in $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement. These groups were supplemented with (0, 10, 30, and 60 ppm) of molecular weight 1-3, 1-6 ${\beta}$-glucan (low or high). High molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (H: 943 kDa) was obtained from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073, whereas H with ${\gamma}$-Irradiation treatment was performed to achieve low molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (L: 8 kDa). Results: There was no statistical significance in productive performances, apparent digestibility and interaction between fixed factors along 42 days of experiment (p>0.05). A higher caecal amylase activity was present in the group that received L, while there was a dramatic decrease in H and the control groups, respectively (p<0.05). The increase of supplemental dose increased caecal amylase activity (p<0.05). Immunomodulatory effects from L was revealed by the marked increase of phagocytic activity, relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius (p<0.05). Similarly, the additive dose at 30 ppm provided the same results, whereas the only significant difference with supplementation at 60 ppm was an increase in phagocytic activity (p<0.05). Interestingly, villi height of broilers fed L was higher than other groups (p<0.05). The treatments did not influence haematology, blood chemistry, antibody production level against vaccination, carcass traits and meat quality (p>0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of L at 30 ppm was suggested to achieve benefits of immune modulation without adverse effects on other parameters.