• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.519-524
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• 1998

고려대학교 안암병원 흉부외과에서는 1996년 1월1부터 1996년 12월말까지 1년동안 수술한 본태성 다한증 환자 137명을 대상으로 전향적으로 조사하였다. 대상 기간에 다한증으로 수술한 환자는 모두 137명이며, 남자가 83명, 여자가 54명이였다. 환자의 연령 분포는 최소 13세에서 63세까지였으며, 평균나이는 25세였으며, 이중 128명은 수부 다한증이었고 안면 다한증의 경우도 26명이었다. 수술시 교감 신경절 부위는 하부성상 교감 신경절 절제술 4례, 하부성상 교감 신경절과 흉부 2번 교감 신경절 절제술 18례, 흉부 제 2번 교감 신경절 절제술 86례, 흉부 2번, 3번 교감 신경절 절제술 10례였으며, 제 2번부터 4번까지 흉부 교감 신경절 절제술도 19례있었다. 평균수술시간은 59분 이였으며, 평균입원기간은 3.8일이었다. 흔한 합병증으로는 보상성 다한증(109례)과 통증(18례)이있었으며, 평균 8개월간 추적조사한 결과 97%에서 만족할만한 결과를 얻은 것으로 조사되었다. 본태성 다한증에서 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 흉부 교감 신경절 절제술의 적용은 효과면 에서 만족할만하며, 안전한 수술이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 1998

1985년 3월부터 1997년 6월까지 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서 치료한 자연기흉451례를 후향적으로 임상분석하였다. 대부분이 남자환자 였으며(8.2:1), 원발성 자연기흉환자의 평균연령은 26.8세, 속발성 자연기흉은 53.1세였다.속발성 자연기흉의 원인으로는 결핵이 87례(73%)로 가장 많았고, 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환이 19.2%, 그외 기관지 천식, 폐암, 진폐증, 폐렴 등이었다. 환자의 치료로는 안정 및 산소요법이 42례, 흉강 삽관술로 치료한것이 208례, 개흉하에 폐기포 절제술이나 폐엽절제술을 시행한경우가 156례, 그리고 45례에서는 비디오 흉강경수술을 시행하였다. 평균술후흉관보유기간은 개흉술이 8.3일, 비디오흉강경 수술의 경우는 4.7일이었고 흉강삽관술로만 치료한경우 평균흉관보유기간은 11.2일이었다. 본원의 경우, 최근 3년동안 비디오 흉강경 수술이 외과적 수술의 적응이 되는 자연기흉의 치료에 개흉술보다 더 흔히 적용되는 술식이 되었다(1994 33%, 1996 78%). 향후 비침습적 수술방법이 더욱더 발전함에 따라 비디오 흉강경 수술은 자연기흉의 일차적인 치료방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 이의 적절성을 평가 하기위한 다자간의 공동연구가 요구된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2018

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has not changed overall survival in recent years despite therapeutic efforts. Surgery with curative intent has shown the best long-term oncological results. However, 80%-85% of patients with these tumors are unresectable at the time of diagnosis. In those patients, first therapeutic attempts are minimally invasive or surgical procedures to alleviate symptoms. The addition of radiotherapy (RT) to standard chemotherapy, ergo chemoradiation, in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is still controversial. The study aims to compare outcomes in patients with a double bypass surgery due to LAPC treated or not with RT. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with double bypass for LAPC were registered and divided into two groups: treated or not with postoperative RT. Baseline characteristics, postoperative complications, those related to RT and their relation to the main event (mortality) were compared. Results: Seventy-four patients were included. Surgical complications between the groups did not offer significant differences. Complications related to RT were mostly mild, and 86% of patients completed the treatment. Overall survival at 1 and 2 years for patients in the exposed group was 64% and 35% vs. 50% and 28% in the non-exposed group, respectively (p = 0.11; power 72%; hazard ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-1.18). Conclusion: We observed a tendency for survival improvement in patients with postoperative RT. However, we've not had enough power to demonstrate this difference, possibly due to the small sample size. It is indispensable to develop randomized and prospective trials to guide more specific treatment lines in this patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2014

The purpose of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide current and comprehensive recommendations for the medical and surgical management of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Since the release of the first Korean CPGs for stroke, evidence has been accumulated in the management of ICH, such as intracranial pressure control and minimally invasive surgery, and it needs to be reflected in the updated version. The Quality Control Committee at the Korean Society of cerebrovascular Surgeons and the Writing Group at the Clinical Research Center for Stroke (CRCS) systematically reviewed relevant literature and major published guidelines between June 2007 and June 2013. Based on the published evidence, recommendations were synthesized, and the level of evidence and the grade of the recommendation were determined using the methods adapted from CRCS. A draft guideline was scrutinized by expert peer reviewers and also discussed at an expert consensus meeting until final agreement was achieved. CPGs based on scientific evidence are presented for the medical and surgical management of patients presenting with primary ICH. This CPG describes the current pertinent recommendations and suggests Korean recommendations for the medical and surgical management of a patient with primary ICH.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective : The diagnosis of shunt malfunction can be challenging since neuroimaging results are not always correlated with clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a simple, minimally invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lumbar tapping test that predicts shunt under-drainage in hydrocephalus patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological features of 48 patients who underwent routine CSF lumbar tapping after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) operation using a programmable shunting device. We compared shunt valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure to check under-drainage. Results : The mean pressure difference between valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure of all patients were $2.21{\pm}24.57mmH_2O$. The frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.06{\pm}1.26times$. Eighty five times lumbar tapping of 41 patients showed that their VPS function was normal which was consistent with clinical improvement and decreased ventricle size on computed tomography scan. The mean pressure difference in these patients was $-3.69{\pm}19.20mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.07{\pm}1.25times$. Fourteen cases of 10 patients revealed suspected VPS malfunction which were consistent with radiological results and clinical symptoms, defined as changes in ventricle size and no clinical improvement. The mean pressure difference was $38.07{\pm}23.58mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $1.44{\pm}1.01times$. Pressure difference greater than $35mmH_2O$ was shown in 2.35% of the normal VPS function group (2 of 85) whereas it was shown in 64.29% of the suspected VPS malfunction group (9 of 14). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.000001). Among 10 patients with under-drainage, 5 patients underwent shunt revision. The causes of the shunt malfunction included 3 cases of proximal occlusion and 2 cases of distal obstruction and valve malfunction. Conclusion : Under-drainage of CSF should be suspected if CSF lumbar tapping pressure is $35mmH_2O$ higher than the valve opening pressure and shunt malfunction evaluation or adjustment of the valve opening pressure should be made.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

Background: Since open Wiltse approach allows limited visualization for foraminal stenosis leading to an incomplete decompression, we report the short-term clinical and radiological results of unilateral biportal endoscopic foraminal decompression using $0^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ endoscopy with better visualization. Methods: We examined 31 patients that underwent surgery for neurological symptoms due to lumbar foraminal stenosis which was refractory to 6 weeks of conservative treatment. All 31 patients underwent unilateral biportal endoscopic far-lateral decompression (UBEFLD). One portal was used for viewing purpose, and the other was for surgical instruments. Unilateral foraminotomy was performed under guidance of $0^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ endoscopy. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the modified Macnab criteria, Oswestry disability index, and visual analogue scale. Plain radiographs obtained preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively were compared to analyze the intervertebral angle (IVA), dynamic IVA, percentage of slip, dynamic percentage of slip (gap between the percentage of slip on flexion and extension views), slip angle, disc height index (DHI), and foraminal height index (FHI). Results: The IVA significantly increased from $6.24^{\circ}{\pm}4.27^{\circ}$ to $6.96^{\circ}{\pm}3.58^{\circ}$ at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.306). The dynamic IVA slightly decreased from $6.27^{\circ}{\pm}3.12^{\circ}$ to $6.04^{\circ}{\pm}2.41^{\circ}$, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.375). The percentage of slip was $3.41%{\pm}5.24%$ preoperatively and $6.01%{\pm}1.43%$ at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.227), showing no significant difference. The preoperative dynamic percentage of slip was $2.90%{\pm}3.37%$; at 1 year postoperatively, it was $3.13%{\pm}4.11%$ (p = 0.720), showing no significant difference. The DHI changed from $34.78%{\pm}9.54%$ preoperatively to $35.05%{\pm}8.83%$ postoperatively, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.837). In addition, the FHI slightly decreased from $55.15%{\pm}9.45%$ preoperatively to $54.56%{\pm}9.86%$ postoperatively, but the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.705). Conclusions: UBEFLD using endoscopy showed a satisfactory clinical outcome after 1-year follow-up and did not induce postoperative segmental spinal instability. It could be a feasible alternative to conventional open decompression or fusion surgery for lumbar foraminal stenosis.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

In addition to its typical use for skin rejuvenation, fractional laser irradiation of early cancerous lesions may reduce the risk of tumor development as a byproduct of wound healing in the stroma after the controlled injury. While fractional ablative lasers are commonly used for cosmetic/aesthetic purposes (e.g., photorejuvenation, hair removal, and scar reduction), we propose a novel use of such laser treatments as a stromal treatment to delay tumorigenesis and suppress carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) irradiation may have a possible suppressive effect on early tumor growth in syngeneic mouse tumor models. We included two syngeneic mouse tumor models in irradiation groups and control groups. In the irradiation group, a thulium fiber based NAFL at 1927 nm was used to irradiate the skin area including the tumor injection region with 70 mJ/spot, while no laser irradiation was applied to the control group. Numerical simulation with the same experimental condition showed that thermal damage was confined only to the irradiation spots, sparing the adjacent tissue area. The irradiation groups of both tumor models showed smaller tumor volumes than the control group at an early tumor growth stage. We also detected elevated inflammatory cytokine levels a day after the NAFL irradiation. NAFL treatment of the stromal tissue could potentially be an alternative anticancer therapeutic modality for early tumorigenesis in a minimally invasive manner.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.933-943
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• 2021

Objective : Percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation is a needle based procedure that requires fluoroscopic image guidance. Consequently, radiation exposure is inevitable for patients, surgeons, and operation room staff. We hypothesize that reducing the production of radiation emission will result in reduced radiation exposure for everyone in the operation room. Research was performed to evaluate reduction of radiation exposure by modifying imaging manner and mode of radiation source. Methods : A total of 170 patients (680 screws) who underwent fusion surgery with PPS fixation from September 2019 to March 2020 were analyzed in this study. Personal dosimeters (Polimaster Ltd.) were worn at the collar outside a lead apron to measure radiation exposure. Patients were assigned to four groups based on imaging manner of fluoroscopy and radiation modification (pulse mode with reduced dose) : continuous use without radiation modification (group 1, n=34), intermittent use without radiation modification (group 2, n=54), continuous use with radiation modification (group 3, n=26), and intermittent use with radiation modification (group 4, n=56). Post hoc Tukey Honest significant difference test was used for individual comparisons of radiation exposure/screw and fluoroscopic time/screw. Results : The average radiation exposure/screw was 71.45±45.75 µSv/screw for group 1, 18.77±11.51 µSv/screw for group 2, 19.58±7.00 µSv/screw for group 3, and 4.26±2.89 µSv/screw for group 4. By changing imaging manner from continuous multiple shot to intermittent single shot, 73.7% radiation reduction was achieved in the no radiation modification groups (groups 1, 2), and 78.2% radiation reduction was achieved in the radiation modification groups (groups 3, 4). Radiation source modification from continuous mode with standard dose to pulse mode with reduced dose resulted in 72.6% radiation reduction in continuous imaging groups (groups 1, 3) and 77.3% radiation reduction in intermittent imaging groups (groups 2, 4). The average radiation exposure/screw was reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from continuous imaging with standard fluoroscopy setting (group 1) to intermittent imaging with modified fluoroscopy setting (group 4). A total of 680 screws were reviewed postoperatively, and 99.3% (675) were evaluated as pedicle breach grade 0 (<2 mm). Conclusion : The average radiation exposure/screw for a spinal surgeon can be reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from real-time imaging with standard dose to intermittent imaging with modified dose. These modifications can be instantly applied to any procedure using fluoroscopic guidance and may reduce the overall radiation exposure of spine surgeons.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.286-296
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• 2018

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) is widely accepted for staging of melanoma patients. It has been shown that clinico-pathological features such as Breslow thickness, ulceration, age, and sex are better predictors of relapse and survival than SLN status alone. The aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term (10-year) prognostic impact of SLNB and to determine predictive factors associated with SLN metastasis, relapse, and melanoma specific mortality (MSM). Methods: This was a prospective observational study on 289 consecutive patients with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent SLNB from January 2000 to December 2007, and followed until January 2014, at an Italian academic hospital. Results: SLN was positive in 64 patients (22.1%). The median follow-up was 116 months (79-147 months). Tenyear disease-free survival and melanoma specific survival were poor in patients with positive SLN (58.7% and 66.4%, respectively). Only the increasing Breslow thickness resulted independently associated to an increased risk of SLN metastasis. Cox regression analysis showed that a Breslow thickness >2 mm was an independent predictor of relapse, and male sex and Breslow thickness >2 mm was a predictor of MSM. At 10 years, SLN metastasis was not significantly associated to either relapse or MSM. Conclusion: After the fifth year of follow-up, SLN metastasis is not an independent predictive factor of relapse or mortality which are mainly influenced by the characteristics of the primary tumor and of the patient. Patients with a Breslow thickness >2 mm regardless of the SLN status should be considered at high risk for 10-year relapse and mortality.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제79권5호
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• pp.271-275
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• 2018

겸상인대는 원인대 및 배꼽정맥의 잔유물을 포함하는 구조물로서 배꼽에서 횡격막까지 이어지는 간의 걸이인대이다. 겸상인대에서 발견되는 인대 낭종, 종양, 비정상적인 혈관, 선천적 인대결손 같은 드물게 나타나는 병인 중에서도, 겸상인대 농양은 굉장히 드문 질환이다. 따라서 겸상인대 농양에 대한 정확한 진단은 어려우며, 총담관낭의 감염이나 간농양으로 잘못 해석하기 쉽다. 저자들은 생후 25일된 신생아에게서 배꼽 정맥 도관 삽입 후 발생한 겸상인대 농양에 경피적 배액 및 항생제 투여를 통해 성공적으로 치료된 증례를 보고하고자 한다.