• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1969

The present investigations were carried out with the purpose of making clear the fundamental features of the seasonal variations in chemical composition of the brown algae. Three species of samples, Ecklonia cava, Sargassum sagamianum and Hizikia fusiforme have been analyzed monthly for their contents of total ash, crude protein, alginic acid, mannitol, and laminarin over a year period. Three kinds of samples were collected from the same locality, situated on the southern coast of the Che-ju Island, from September 1966 to August 1967. In addition, the comparative analysis was made on fronds and stipes of the plant for their chemical composition. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1, In general, the three species examined underwent a similar mode of seasonal variation, and no essential difference was detected among them. 2. The chemical composition of the plant exhibited a considerable difference between the species. The content of total ash in H. fusiforme was remarkably higher than those in the two other species respectively. The alginic acid content was relatively high in S. sagamianum and low in H. fusiforme. The contents of crude protein, mannitol and laminarin were appreciably high in E. cava and low in H. fusiforme in general. 3. The most outstanding feature in the seasonal variation was that, in general, the total ash, crude protein, and alginic acid contents were at a maximum in the winter months while laminarin and mannitol contents were at a minimum. The converse was true in summer. Total ash-Maximum values were observed from December to February and minimum from August till October. Crude Protein-All species exhibited maxima in January and February, and minima from August to October. Alginic acid-Maximum contents occured from January to March and minimum from September to November. Mannitol-The maximum content of mannitol was In May and lune and minimum in January, February and March. Leminerin-Maximum content was in September and October, and minimum in January and February. 4. The wide seasonal variation in chemical constitution occured in the fronds, but the stipes showed a slight seasonal variation. In the chemical composition, the stipe was high in alginic acid, low in mannitol and laminarin. The reverse was in the frond.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.901-911
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a construction technique of two-level composite gradient map to automatically track a face with large movement in successive frames. Our method is composed of three main steps. First, the gradient maps with two-level resolution are generated for fast convergence of active contour. Second, to recognize the variations of face between successive frames and remove the neighbor background, weighted composite gradient map is generated by combining the composite gradient map and difference mask of previous and current frames. Third, to prevent active contour from converging local minima, the energy slope is generated by using closing operation. In addition, the fast closing operation is proposed to accelerate the processing time of closing operation. For performance evaluation, we compare our method with previous active contour model-based face tracking methods using a visual inspection, robustness test and processing time. Experimental results show that our method can effectively track the face with large movement and robustly converge to the optimal position even in frames with complicated background.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.375-387
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• 2005

This paper presents an application of parallel Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Search (GA-TS) algorithm to search an optimal solution of a service restoration in distribution systems. The main objective of service restoration of distribution systems is, when a fault or overload occurs, to restore as much load as possible by transferring the do-energized load in the out of service area via network reconfiguration to the appropriate adjacent feeders at minimum operational cost without violating operating constraints, which is a combinatorial optimization problem. This problem has many constraints with many local minima to solve the optimal switch position. This paper develops parallel GA-TS algorithm for service restoration of distribution systems. In parallel GA-TS, GA operators are executed for each processor. To prevent solutions of low fitness from appearing in the next generation, strings below the average fitness are saved in the tabu list. If best fitness of the GA is not changed for several generations, TS operators are executed for the upper $10\%$ of the population to enhance the local searching capabilities. With migration operation, best string of each node is transferred to the neighboring node after predetermined iterations are executed. For parallel computing, we developed a PC cluster system consists of 8 PCs. Each PC employs the 2 GHz Pentium IV CPU and is connected with others through ethernet switch based fast ethernet. To show the validity of the proposed method, proposed algorithm has been tested with a practical distribution system in Korea. From the simulation results, we can find that the proposed algorithm is efficient for the distribution system service restoration in terms of the solution quality, speedup, efficiency and computation time.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.5
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• pp.355-362
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• 2010

Face tracking is to estimate the motion of a non-rigid face together with a rigid head in 3D, and plays important roles in higher levels such as face/facial expression/emotion recognition. In this paper, we propose an AAM-based face tracking algorithm. AAM has been widely used to segment and track deformable objects, but there are still many difficulties. Particularly, it often tends to diverge or converge into local minima when a target object is self-occluded, partially or completely occluded. To address this problem, we utilize the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). SIFT is an effective method for self and partial occlusion because it is able to find correspondence between feature points under partial loss. And it enables an AAM to continue to track without re-initialization in complete occlusions thanks to the good performance of global matching. We also register and use the SIFT features extracted from multi-view face images during tracking to effectively track a face across large pose changes. Our proposed algorithm is validated by comparing other algorithms under the above 3 kinds of occlusions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

Sword bean belongs to the subgenus Canavalia in the genus Canavalia. White and reddish varieties in sword bean were tested to obtain the basic information for improving the yield, quality, and cultural environments through the quantitative growth analysis. Growing plants were sampled at intervals of 10 days from 20 days after sowing. Whole plant weight increased during the period of 11-20 days after sowing in both varieties. The weight of each organ between two varieties increased similarly except leaf area. Whole plant weight changed more close to pod weight than any other characters. The leaf areas of both varieties increased from 50 days after sowing, var. white displayed S type curved line but var. reddish displayed slow S type curved line. The SGR of whole plant weight in both varieties had 3 maxima and 2 minima, 3 maxima and first minimum were shown at the same period but the second minimum was shown at different period. Both varieties showed bimodal curved line. All SGR of each organ and leaf area were shown the 2 maxima and 1 minimum in both varieties. The changes of SLA and LAR were not remarkable between two varieties but these were united together with the maximum of whole plant weight and root weight. ULWR and ULWR were shown similar in both varieties. Reddish variety was more prosperous in early growth stage than white variety because SLA, LAR and LWR were high. In surplus weight, both varieties increased rapidly during the period of 111-120 days after sowing that was applicable to the maximum SGR of pod weight. Surplus weight of var. white increased markedly during the same period comparing those of var. reddish.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2002

Observations of times of minimum lights of the eclipsing binary V65l Cas were carried out on the three nights from November 21-23, 2000. From our observations a total of seven new times of minimum lights was obtained. Through the analysis of photoelectric and CCD times of minima of V65l Cas including ours, the light time orbit due to a third body, which was propose by Kim ＆ Lee (2000), was confirmed and improved. The resultant values for the period, semi-amplitude, and eccentricity of the light-time orbit were $6.^{y}3,\;0.^{d}0013$, and 0.78, respectively. The deduced marts range of the third body is . If the third body is $0.09M_{\odot}\;{\leq}\;M_3\;{\leq}\;0.20M_{\odot}\;for\;i_3\;{\geq}\;30^{\circ}$. If the third body suggested in V65l Cas system exists really and is a main-sequence star, it is located at the end of the main-sequence.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2001

In this paper, fuzzy-ARTMAP equalizer is developed mainly for overcoming the obstacles, such as complexity and long training, in implementing the previously developed neural-basis equalizers. The proposed fuzzy-ARTMAP equalizer is fast and easy to train and includes capabilities not found in other neural network approaches a small number of parameters, no requirements for the choice of initial weights, no risk of getting trapped in local minima, and capability of adding new data without retraining previously trained data. In simulation studies, binary signals were generated at random from linear channel with Gaussian noise. The performance of the proposed equalizer is compared with other neural net basis equalizers, such as MLP and RBF equalizers. The fuzzy ARTMAP equalizer combines relatively simple structure and fast processing speed; it gives accurate results for nonlinear problems that cannot be solved with a linear equalizer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

Elsholtzia hallasanensis, E. springia, and E. splendens var. fasciflora (Lamiaceae) were reported recently as new species or new varieties of E. splendens according to their morphological characteristics. To reappraise the taxonomic status of these additional taxa and to determine the relationships between all Korean Elsholtzia taxa except E. saxatilis, which is distributed in North Korea, molecular studies based on the nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (rpl16, and trnH-psbA) sequences of seven taxa of Elsholtzia and one outgroup were carried out. The molecular data support that E. angustifolia and E. minima are distinct species from E. splendens and E. ciliata, respectively, because they have several private marker genes and show monophyly. The molecular data also support that E. splendens has a very close taxonomic relationship with both E. hallasanensis and E. springia. We found that E. splendens var. fasciflora, with multiple inflorescence, was based on several private marker genes and on the monophyly of its trees, suggesting that it can be considered as a variety. Elsholtzia springia, with the same sequences and the same morphological characteristics with E. hallasanensis after transplanting, should be treated as a synonym of E. hallasanensis. Moreover, we consider the taxonomic status of E. hallasanensis as E. splendens var. hallasanensis (Y. Lee) N.S. Lee & C.S. Lee, stat. nov.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2014

Marine meterological characteristics off the coast in the East Sea between 2006 and 2013 were investigated by comparing the high wind-wave alert and moored-measured significant wave high. Monthly and yearly variations of the high wind-wave alert duration off the coast in the central part of the East Sea are correlated with those of the significant wave height measurement with their minima in June and 2008 and maxima in December and 2012. Both the high wind-wave alert duration and significant wave height increase remarkably during 2010-2013 when compared with during 2006-2009. The remarkable increase, occurring dominantly in December, seems to be related with Arctic oscillation variability. However, the comparisons reveal that only about a half of high wind-wave alerts satisfy the criteria for issuing the high wind-wave alert. To issue the high wind-wave alert, the wind speed at the sea should exceed 14 m/s or the significant wave height should be higher than 3 m. The high wind-wave alerts unsatisfying the significant wave height criteria are issued mainly during spring and summer. These results imply that additional surface buoy moorings in the open basin of the East Sea are necessary for more accurate issue of the high wind-wave alert.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.137-144
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• 2009

This paper predicts 6 facial regions that may have sharply different scattering properties, rendering the face more realistically based on their diffusion profiles. The scattering properties are acquired in the form of high dynamic range by photographing the pattern formed around an unit ray incident on facial skin. The acquired data are fitted to a 'linear combination of Gaussian functions', which well approximates the original diffusion profile of skin and has good characteristics as the filter. During the process, to prevent its solutions from converging into local minima, we take advantage of the genetic algorithm to set up the initial value. Each Gaussian term is applied to the irradiance map as a filter, expressing subsurface scattering effect. In this paper, to efficiently handle the maximum 12 Gaussian filterings, we make use of the parallel capacity of CUDA.