• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2020

The fourth industrial revolution is the first topic thrown by Klaus Schwab at the Davos World Economic Forum in January 2016, meaning the next industrial revolution led by the Internet of Things (IOT), artificial intelligence (AI), robot technology and life sciences. In addition, in our lives, humans, computers and machines are connected organically, and organic relationships are evolving and developing at a furious rate in all areas of life. Since the 1953 armistice agreement, South Korea has remained in a state of confrontation with North Korea, and there have been continued fighting by the North, including naval skirmishes in the West Sea, artillery attacks on Yeonpyeong Island, the sinking of the Cheonan warship, and unmanned aerial vehicles and ankle mines. To prepare for such a local initiative, our military is constantly preparing and will have to strengthen its combat capabilities by developing and introducing advanced military equipment. After all, the military drone industry linked to the Fourth Industrial Revolution following the development of new war should continue its research on military drones in line with accurate diagnosis and the rapid development of future science and technology and IT technologies.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950 and the armistice agreement was reached on July 27, 1953. After that, there have been about 5,000 provocations large and small. In particular, North Korea attacked a naval vessel called "Cheonanham" on March 26, 2010. After the attack, Korean government announced the sanctions against North Korea, so called "May 24 sanctions". North Korea bombarded Yeonpyeong provocation on November 23, 2010 and they planted wood box mines in the DMZ on August 4, 2015. The explosion of them resulted in injuring two Korean soldiers. In response to this accident, Korean government resumed loudspeaker broadcasting against North Korea in 11 years which had developed as the psychological warfare. After this, North Korea declared "being a state of war" and intensified tension. Suddenly North Korea suggested talks and two countries reached an agreement through inter-Korean high-level contacts. But we should review whether the agreement was reached with ease and in haste. This paper focuses on the North Korea's negotiating tactics and suggests our corresponding directions for the future.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.511-524
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• 2015

Groundwater causing subsidence in limestone mines is uncommon, and thus relatively poorly investigated. This case study investigated the cause and possibility of future subsidence through an evaluation of ground stability at the Samsung limestone mine, Chungcheongbuk-do. The ground near the mine area was evaluated as unstable due to rainfall permeation, and subsidence in the unmined area resulted from groundwater level drawdown. Future subsidence might occur through the diffusion of subsidence resulting from the small thickness of the mined rock roof, fracture rock joints, and poor ground conditions around the mine. In addition, the risk of additional subsidence by limestone sinkage in corrosion cavities, groundwater level drawdown due to artificial pumping, and rainfall permeation in the limestone zone necessitates reinforcements and other preventative measures.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

The precious-meta] mineralization of epithermal type in the Korean Peninsula, which is spread over a broader range of ca. 110 to 60 Ma with a major population between 90 and 70 Ma, mainly occurred along the NE-trending major strike-slip fault systems (i.e., the Gongju and Gwangju ones) that commonly include volcano-tectonic depressions and calderas. The occurrence of epithermal mineralization during Late Cretaceous clearly indicates that the geologic setting of the Korean Peninsula changed to the favorable depth of ore formation with very shallow-crustal environments (〈1.0 kb) accompanied with gold-silver (-base-meta]) mineralization. Epithermal gold-silver deposits in Korea are primarily distinguished as sediment-dominant and volcanic-dominant basins by using criteria of varying alteration, ore and gangue mineralogy deposited by the interaction of different ore-forming fluids with host rocks and meteoric waters. These differences between the central and southern portions are causally linked to the tectonic evolution of the Peninsula during the Cretaceous time. In the Early Cretaceous, the sinistral strike-slip movements due to the oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate resulted in the Gongju and Gwangju fault systems in the central portion of the Korean Peninsula, which was accompanied with a number of sediment-dominant basins formed along these faults. During the Late Cretaceous, the mode of convergence of the Izanagi Plate changed to northwesteward so that orthogonal convergence occurred with a calc-alkaline volcanism. As results, volcanic-dominant basins were developed in the southern portion of the Peninsula, accompanied with volcano-tectonic depressions and caldera-related fractures. The magmatism and related fractures during Late Cretaceous may play an important role in the formation of geothermal systems. Thus, such fault zones may be favorable environments for veining emplacement that is closely related to the precious-metal mineralization of epithermal type in the Korean Peninsula.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.455-467
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• 1995

In order to investigate the dispersion patterns and speciations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soils, stream sediments and stream waters, geochemical studies of soil, stream sediment and stream water samples collected in the vicinity of the Shi-Heung Cu-Pb-Zn mine was carried out Cation exchange capacity measurement, size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and batch test were performed to select applicable soil for adsorption treatment The average content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soils collected from tailings and ore dressing plant is 1084 ppm, 2292 ppm, 3512 ppm and 29.2 ppm, respectively, and therefore, tailings and ore dressing plant site may be the major contamination sources in this study area. The mean content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in stream sediments is extremely high up to 794 ppm, 1633 ppm, 2946 ppm and 25.2 ppm, respectively. Tailing particles and heavy metal ions are dispersed along the tributary system. Results from the sequential extraction analysis indicate; (1) most of Cu is bound to organic matters and sulphides, (2) fraction of Pb is mainly bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Most of Zn is largely bound to Fe and Mn oxides and residual fraction. Ion exchangeable fraction of Cd is relatively higher than those of Cu, Pb and Zn. Batch test on soils collected from the kaolinite and/or pyrophyllite mines and from the control areas was carried out to select an applicable soil samples for adsorption treatment The sample, S10, collected from the control area 2 (clay content 33.2%) shows the highest $K_d$ (distribution coefficient). Organic content in soils and several clay minerals shows relatively good correlation with $K_d$. It means that applicable soils for adsorption treatment of heavy metals show high organic and clay content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2008

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae(BEG 107) in enhancing growth and arsenic(As) and phosphorus(P) uptake of white clover(Trifolium repens) and evening primrose(Oenothera odorata) in soil collected from a gold mine having concentrations of 381.6 mg total As $kg^{-1}$ and 20.5 mg available As $kg^{-1}$. Trifolium repens and O. odorata are widely distributed on abandoned metalliferous mines in Korea. The percent root colonization by the AM fungus was 55.9% and 62.3% in T. repens and O. odorata, respectively, whereas no root colonization was detected in control plants grown in a sterile medium. The shoot dry weight of T. repens and O. odorata was increased by 323 and 117% in the AM plants compared to non-mycorrhizal(NAM) plants, respectively. The root dry weight increased up to 24% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata following AM colonization compared to control plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased the accumulation of As in the root tissues of T. repens and O. odorata by 99.7 and 91.7% compared to the NAM plants, respectively. The total uptake of P following AM colonization increased by 50% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata, whereas the P concentration was higher in NAM plants than in the AM plants. Colonization with AM fungi increased the As resistance of the host plants to As toxicity by augmenting the yield of dry matter and increasing the total P uptake. Hence, the application of an AM fungus can effectively improve the phytoremediation capability of T. repens and O. odorata in As-contaminated soil.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.558-565
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• 2017

The vehicle-mounted mine detection system with large detection sensor modules can search wide areas with a fast detection speed. To mount the heavy mine detectors on a manned or unmanned vehicle, it is necessary to design the detector driving mechanism and control system based on the considerations driven from the characteristic analysis and the operation requirements of the detection system. Furthermore, while operating the mine detector mounted on a mobile vehicle, it is significant to keep the height from the ground to sensors within a certain distance in order to get a qualified detection performance. As the mine detection sensor, we used ground penetrating radar widely used to geotechnical exploration, mine detection and etc. In this paper, we introduce a driving mechanism through analyzing the characteristics of the vehicle-mounted mine detection system. We also suggest a method to automatically control the distance between the ground and GPR by utilizing the GPR output values, used to detect mines at the same time.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.172-184
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• 2017

The hardness and mechanical properties of the minerals in the Daejeon granite according to depths were investigated by indentation test, load-unload test, and cycle test of dynamic ultra-micro hardness. As a result of the tests, it was possible to classify into three mineral groups (Group-1, -2, -3). The Martens hardness was not significantly different between 41 m and 223 m depths in three mode tests. Nevertheless, they showed in the order of a cycle test < load-unload test < indentation test. Considering the average Martens hardness, elastic modulus, and indentation work for each mineral group, their boundaries were relatively clear. In conclusion, A relatively accurate hardness of minerals can be obtained by three mode tests of dynamic ultra-micro hardness. In addtion, it was possible to characterize the elastic modulus and the elastic-plastic properties of the minerals from the load-unload and cycle tests.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.257-274
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• 2003

This study is to diagnose the tourism structure of the southern region in Kangwon province and to correct the problems regarding the subject. The methods of comparison and analysis on structural and geographical characteristics of tourists, tourism resources, and tourism industry by region have been employed. It was found that the southern region of Kangwon province has many advantages for tourism industry including excellent transportation networks such as Kangnws and Wonju and tourism demands are great for coal mines in the region including Chongson, Taebaek, and Samchok. Accordingly, tourism in the region has witnessed a distinctive increase in recent years. On the other hand, excessive dependence on nature-based tourism, concentration of tourism demands only during summer season, and insufficient tourism facilities are found to be problems. This study also found that for sustainable tourism developments in the southern region of Kangwon, categorization and diversification of tourism resources, development of combined programs connecting Kangwon province to other regions, improvement of tourism facilities, expansion of tourism market, and smaller division of tourism area are necessary.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

Fracture toughness of rock is a constant that can indicate the initiation and propagation of cracks due to blasting, excavation, etc. Scaled model tests have been applied to the behavior of tunnels and the stability of limestone mines. Through the scaled model, damaged zone evaluation due to blasting is also carried out, and the scale factor is not applied to the failure-related factors. In this study, DCT (diametral compression test) and finite element method ATENA2D numerical analysis results were compared to determine whether the scale factor could be applied to the fracture toughness of rock. The theoretical values of the scale factor applied to the fracture toughness of the rock and the DCT test results and the numerical results are 0.21~0.46, 0.40, and 0.99MPa ${\sqrt{m}}$ respectively, so these three values should be considered when determining scale factor. It is necessary to derive a suitable scale factor in consideration of the length, time, and mass to which the scale factor is applied, as well as the values of the scale factor of major design factors such as uniaxial compressive strength and density.