• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.9-22
• /
• 2023

Spin-off pyroprocessing technology and inert anode materials to replace the conventional carbon-based smelting process for critical materials were introduced. Efforts to select inert anode materials through numerical analysis and selected experimental results were devised for the high-throughput reduction of oxide feedstocks. The electrochemical properties of the inert anode material were evaluated, and stable electrolysis behavior and CaCu generation were observed during molten salt recycling. Thereafter, CuTi was prepared by reacting rutile (TiO₂) with CaCu in a Ti crucible. The formation of CuTi was confirmed when the concentration of CaO in the molten salt was controlled at 7.5mol%. A laboratory-scale electrorefining study was conducted using CuTi(Zr, Hf) alloys as the anodes, with a Ti electrodeposit conforming to the ASTM B299 standard recovered using a pilot-scale electrorefining device.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.665-675
• /
• 2010

This study applied high-pressure extraction cooking, which has been proven superior in processibility and stock extraction, for the preparation of stock, which is widely used as a basic material of dishes, and examined the physicochemical and sensory properties of the extracted stock by adding salt. We observed changes in the chromaticity of brown stock according to salt content, and pH decreased with increased the salt content, suggesting that stock was acidified. Regarding the mineral content, Na was the highest, followed by K and P. Regarding total free amino acid content, the content of essential amino acids, enhancing free amino acids, and other amino acids also showed the highest level in S2, which contented 0.3% salt. In the sensory test, saltiness grew stronger with an increase in salt content, and overall palatability was highest in S2. Regarding ranking, preference was highest for S2. Utilize to data that study finding of above is actual in development for mass production of brown stock product licensed cooks' traditional mesh dipper technology quality that make mass production direction that change and normalizes product that can keep excellent taste and improve conservative property develop. Culture formation and our country foodservice industry development that reduce damage of informed people ashes through development of brown stock product that is changed in large quantity, and improve quality of food more positively contributing to reappear diversification of menu, systematization and taste of specialty store as well as can contribute in rationalization of informed people ashes purchase, personnel expense (labor power) curtailment, waste decrease etc. but is developed still more being utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.1307-1311
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of mugwort-tofu prepared by purified salt (A1), sun-dried salt (A2), bamboo salt (A3), and deep ground water salt (A4) in addition to $CaCl_2$ as coagulants. Addition of various salts with $CaCl_2$ increased yield of the tofu resulting in high content of lipid, protein and mineral contents of mugwort-tofu. Sun-dried salt was most effective in yield of the tofu among tested salts. It was also most efficient in increasing protein, and lipid contents of the tofu. The amounts of Ca, K, Mg, and Na were highest in mugwort-tofu prepared with sun-dried salt, while they were lowest in the tofu with deep ground water salt. The texture analysis showed the tofu prepared with various salts generally increased the hardness and gumminess of the tofu significantly. The sensory evaluation of the tofu with various salts demonstrated that the saltiness, tastiness, chewiness, and overall acceptance were enhanced significantly. Among tested salts, bamboo salt showed the highest overall acceptance in mugwort-tofu, followed by deep ground water salt, purified salt, and sun-dried salt.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.75
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2007

It was studied to prepare anhydrous magnesium chloride which could used as the raw material of a fused salt electrolysis of magnesium by dehydration of magnesium chloride hydrate. The dehydration was carried out in a tube furnace at $350{\sim}580^{\circ}C$. It was confirmed that magnesium chloride hydrate was oxdized to magnesia through the dehydration in ambient atmosphere, but anhydrous magnesium chloride could be obtained in hydrogen chloride gas atmosphere. And the crystallity of the product increased with increasing temperature and time of dehydration. All of the un-reacted hydrogen chloride gases which were generated during the dehydration in hydrogen chloride gas atmosphere could be recovered as hydrochloric solution, and it could be reused for chlorination of magnesia to prepare magnesium chloride hydrate.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.520-528
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluated a phthalate, heavy metal contents and physicochemical quality properties in korean mudflat solar salt and foreign salts. DEHP in mudflat solar salt (MSS) was detected a low level (9.00~669.89 ppb), but it was shown a high level excess to 1.5 ppm criteria in the foreign solar salt (FSS) 5 type (3,440.64, 3,266.56, 2,189.65, 4,010.69, 4,554.20 ppb) and foreign large solar salt (FLSS) 1 type (1,983.27 ppb). Also, DEHP in FSS 2 type (930.15, 1,310.07 ppb) and FLSS 1 type (924.92 ppb) was detected a high level not excess to criteria. No detected DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DAP, BBP, DCHP and DEHA contents in MSS and foreign salt (FS). Na ion was shown a significantly higher level (p<0.05) in FS (407,345.87~426,612.14 ppm) than in MSS (363,633.98 ppm), but it was shown a high level in Mg (p<0.01), K (p<0.05), Ca ion (p<0.05) of FSS compared to foreign refined salt (FRS). Cl ion (532,727.07 ppm) of MSS was the most low level (p<0.001) compared to FS, but it was shown a high level (p<0.001) in Br ion (625.07 ppm). $SO_4$ ion was not shown a significant difference in DS and FS. It was display a high level in Mn of MSS, and Al, Fe of FLSS. Heavy metal contents (As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in MSS and FS was not significant difference, it was safety level as edible salt.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.573-578
• /
• 1994

Dongchimi as a Korean traditional fermented food was studied for the possibility of developing into as an ion beverage. Reverse osmosis process was applied to the concentration of dongchimi juice in this study. Dongchimi was prepared at different concentrations of salt and fermentation temperatures. Mineral components of concentrated dongchimi juice were analyzed and compared with those of ion beverage products. The changes of sugar contents and mineral contents were studied depending on different fermentation temperatures, periods and salt concentration. The amounts of mineral components such as $K^{+},\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ were increased during fermentation but slightly decreased in the last period. It was found that the concentrated dongchimi juice could be used as an improved ion beverage in future, since the electrolytic dissociation components were much more in the concentrated dongchimi juice than those in the existing ion beverages.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 1994

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of varied levels of NaCi and phosphates on the physicochernical properties of the breast meat of the spent layers(2 \pm 0.2 kg) which were stabilized for over 24 h before slaughter. Within 1 h after slaughter, breast meats were removed and treated with NaGl(0, 1, 2, 3%) and phosphates(0.25% and 0.5%) using a hot-salted method. The breast meat was stored at 4 \pm $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 d. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The pH values of salt-treated groups were significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05) ; the higher the salt level, the higher the pH. The pH values were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). Among salt-treated groups, the 0.5% phosphates level showed significantly high pH(P<0.05) compared to other levels of salt groups. 2. The moisture contents were significantly lower in all salt4reated groups than the control(P<0.05), and showed a negative relationship with the levels of salt. It decreased in control group gradually as the storage period extended, but not significantly changed in salt-treated groups. 3. The shear force values in salt-treated groups were lower than that of the control and showed a negative relationship with salt levels. At a constant level of NaCI, the shear force value was higher in 0.25% phosphates level than in 0.5% level. It decreased in both control and salt-treated groups during storage. 4. The salt treatments tended to increase the sodium content proportionately. The sodium content decreased in both control and salt treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). In addition, the combination of high levels of NaCl and phosphates rather than those of low levels of NaCI and phosphates resulted in elevated levels of sodium. 5. The phosphorus contents in salt-treated groups were higher than that of control. Between 0.5% and 0.25% phosphates levels this value showed significant difference(P<0.05). Its contents in both control and treatment groups were significantly decreased during storage (P<0.05).

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2023

The glass ceramic secondary resource containing Li-Al-Si is used in inductor, fireproof glass, and transparent cookware and accounts for 14% of the total consumption of Li, which is the second most widely used after Li-ion batteries. Therefore, new Li resources should be explored when the demand for Li is exploding, and extensive research on Li recovery is needed. Herein, we recovered Li from fireproof Li-Al-Si glass ceramic, which is a new secondary resource containing Li. The fireproof glass among all Li-Al-Si glass ceramics was used as raw material that contained 1.5% Li, 9.4% Al, and 28.9% Si. The process for recovering Li from the fireproof glass was divided into two parts: (1) calcium salt roasting and (2) water leaching. In calcium salt roasting, a sample of fireproof glass was crushed and ground below 325 mesh. The leaching efficiency was compared based on the presence or absence of heat treatment of the fireproof glass. Moreover, the leaching rates based on the input ratios of calcium salt, Li-Al-Si glass, and ceramics and the leaching process based on calcium salt roasting temperatures were compared. In water leaching, the leaching and recovery rates of Li based on different temperatures, times, solid-liquid ratios, and number of continuous leaching stages were compared. The results revealed that fireproof glass ceramics containing Li-Al-Si should be heat treated to change phase to beta-type spodumene. CaCO₃ salt should be added at a ratio of 6:1 with glass ceramics containing Li-Al-Si, and then leached 4 times or more to achieve a recovery efficiency of Li over 98% from a solution containing 200 mg/L of Li.

• Metals and materials international
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1386-1393
• /
• 2018

The solubility of $TiO_2$ in $NaF-CaF_2-BaF_2$ ternary eutectic melts was investigated at the temperature range of $1025-1150^{\circ}C$. The least-squares equation was obtained from the relationship between the reciprocal temperature and the natural logarithm of the titanium concentration in the melts saturated with $TiO_2$. The corresponding partial molar enthalpy of dissolution of $TiO_2$ was found to be 188 kJ/mol. The titanium saturation concentration was 3.73 wt% at $1100^{\circ}C$. From the titanium concentration change with the added amount of $TiO_2$ at different holding time after a final stirring, it was found that not only complete dissolution of $TiO_2$ but also enough sedimentation of excessive $TiO_2$ should be guaranteed to obtain more reliable solubility data. The holding time of 10 h was found to be enough for the excessive $TiO_2$ particles to settle down in our experimental conditions. It is noteworthy that in case of adding $TiO_2$ in excess of its solubility, the $Ba_{1.12}(Ti_8O_{16})$ phase was observed at the lower and bottom of the solidified salt ingots.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.825-831
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of some legume species in salt-affected soils of South-East Anatolian region using chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. In this study, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa were sown and tested in four different locations. A 3 by 4 factorial design with 3 legume species and 4 salt levels (non salty electrical conductivity (EC)<4 dS/m; low salt: 4 dS/m>EC<8 dS/m, medium saline: 8 dS/m>EC<16 dS/m and high salt: 16 dS/m>EC) was used in the study. Results indicated that salinity and plants had no significant effect on ash and ether extract. Dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake (DMI) were affected by plant, salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. On the other hand neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value (RFV), and DMI were affected by salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. Mineral contents were affected by plant species, salinity and salinity${\times}$plants interactions. In vitro gas production, their kinetics and estimated parameters such as were not affected by salinity whereas the gas production up to 48 h, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy lactation ($NE_L$) were affected by plant and plant${\times}$salt interaction. Generally RFVs of all species ranged from 120 to 210 and were quite satisfactory in salty conditions. Current results show that the feed value of Medicago sativa is higher compared to Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium alexandrinum.