• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.426-432
• /
• 2009

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on bone metabolism in osteoporosis rats. The effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on calcium and osteocalcin blood level, femur/body weight, bone mineral density(BMD) and bone strength were inspected in this study. This study classified 28 of 12 weeks-old male Sprague Dawley rats which have osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy into four groups of 7 rats and made the subjects medicated them isoflavone. Group I was non-treatment after osteoporosis(control); Group II was low-dose isoflavone(20 mg/kg) feeding after osteoporosis; Group III was middle-dose isoflavone(40 mg/kg) feeding after osteoporosis; Group IV was high-dose isoflavone(80 mg/kg) feeding after osteoporosis; In the calcium and osteocalcin level as one of bone formation indexes, there was a statistically significant difference between the group II, III, IV compared to group I. In respect to the femur/body weight, there was a statistically significant difference between the group II, III, IV compared to group I. In the bone mineral density and bone strength test, there was a statistically significant difference between the group II, III, IV compared to group I. The above results suggests that isoflavone medicated is effective to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.967-973
• /
• 2000

A metabolism trial was conducted with 28 Najdi rams allocated into seven dietary groups to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Salicornia bigelovii Torr biomass on nutrient digestibility, rumina I fluid metabolites and nitrogen and mineral balances. Either the stems (ST) or spikes (SP) of this seawater-irrigated halophyte were incorporated into complete diets at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, replacing equal amounts of rhodesgrass hay in a ground mixed control diet. Digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NFE and fecal and urinary nitrogen were not affected by increased level of ST in the diet. As level of ST increased from 0 to 20% in the diets, CP digestibility and nitrogen retention approached their maximum (p<0.01), whereas CF digestibility reached its minimum (p<0.01). On the other hand, except for EE, digestion of all nutrients and nitrogen retention were linearly depressed (p<0.01) as SP increased in the diets from 10 to 30% level. Concentration of ammonia-N, total VFA and pH values in the rumen fluid were lower (p<0.01) with the ST- or SP-fed diets than with the control diet. Increasing level of ST or SP in the diet was associated with an increase (p<0.01) in the proportion of acetate and a decline (p<0.01) in molar percentage of propionate in the ruminal fluid. Sodium absorption increased (p<0.01) with increased ST and SP in the diets up to the 10 and 20% level, respectively, followed by constant absorption values up to the 30% level. When the level of ST in the diet gradually increased to 30%, a concomitant increased (p<0:01) in Ca and P absorption were obvious; whereas, increased level of SP in the diets from 0 to 30% resulted in noticeable (p<0.01) depression in Ca and P apparent absorption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.394-405
• /
• 2011

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

The effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on anthropometric measurements, including bone mineral density(BMD) in the right carpus, biochemical bone turnover markers, serum levels of lipids and macrominerals, were investigated in 30 smoking male adults who lived in Choongnam were given MPT(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The average ages, number of smoked cigarettes and packyear were 22.38 years, 15.12/day and 3.54 years, respectively. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.10 kcal energy, 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, including dietary intake using the 24-hours recall method, carpal BMD using DEXA, serum levels of protein, albumin and glucose, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) with Al(atherosclerosis index), HTR, CRF, LHBt, some biomarkers of BMD(serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary DPD), and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) and Pb were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After MPT consumption, dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca and plant Ca increased significantly, but there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, BMD with bone metabolism markers, serum levels of protein, albumin or glucose, lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.793-807
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation($0.5{\mu}g/day$) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient s individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data. there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p< 0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p<0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p<0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD(p < 0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify food sources for major minerals such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of these minerals and serum lipids in healthy Korean adults. A total of 132 healthy men and women completed a physical examination and dietary record and provided blood samples for lipid profile analysis. Results showed the following daily average mineral intakes: 373.4 mg of calcium, 806.0 mg of phosphorous, 3685.8 mg of sodium, and 1938.3 mg of potassium. The calcium-to-phosphorus and sodium-to-potassium ratio was about 0.5 and 2.0, respectively. The primary sources for each mineral were: vegetables (24.9%) and fishes (19.0%) for calcium, grains (31.4%) for phosphorus, seasonings (41.6%) and vegetables (27.0%) for sodium, and vegetables (30.6%) and grains (18.5%) for potassium. The correlation analysis, which has been adjusted for age, gender, total food consumption, and energy intake, showed significantly positive correlations between Ca/P and serum HDL cholesterol levels, between Na intake and the level of serum total cholesterol, and between Na/K and the level of serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Our data indicates that the level of mineral consumption partially contributes to serum lipid profiles and that a diet consisting of a low Ca/P ratio and a high Na/K ratio may have negative impacts on lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2018

Background: Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) is one of the most clinically useful bone formation biomarkers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to independently evaluate the performance of automated total PINP assay and established age- and gender- specific reference intervals for PINP in healthy Korean population. Methods: The imprecision, linearity, and detection capability of Elecsys total PINP assay was determined and reference interval was established using 599 serums from Korean population with normal bone mineral densities based on bone densitometry. Age groups were divided into 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s and over. Results: Elecsys total PINP had excellent performance in imprecision, linearity, and detection capability. When partitioning age groups in Korean male and female populations, there was significant difference in total PINP between different age groups. In male populations, PINP level was decreased with increasing age, then it remained steady after middle-age. In female populations, there was a decreasing tendency similar to that in the male population with a sharp increase in the 50 to 59 age group. Conclusions: Elecsys total PINP assay showed precise and reliable performance in our study. We established age-related PINP reference intervals for Korean male and female population with normal bone mineral densities.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 1997

To study the differences of bone mineral density according to the gestational ages and the birth weight and get a reference data for the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases in the newborn infants, bone mineral densities of the lumbar vertebrae were measured in fifty-three newborn infants born at Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1, 1995 to February 28, 1997, whore gestational ages were between $28^{+3}$ and $41^{+3}$ weeks and who had no intrauterine growth retardation, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (X-R 26, Norland, USA) within seven days of life. 1. There was no sexual difference in bone mineral density. The bone density increased significantly as gestational age increased from $0.149{\pm}0.009g/cm^2$ at 28-30wks to $0.229{\pm}0.034g/cm^2$ at 39-41wks of gestational age (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between bone mineral densities at 33-34 wks and 35-36wks. There was positive linear correlation between gestational age and bone mineral density ($Y=7.5{\times}10^{-3}X-0.082$, r=0.7018, p<0.001). 2. The bone mineral density increased significantly as the birth weight increased from $0.158{\pm}0.020g/cm^2$ in 1,000-1,499 g to $0.251{\pm}0.021g/cm^2$ in 3,500-4,000 g of the birth weight (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between bone mineral densities in 1,000-1,499 g and 1,500-1,999 g of the birth weight. There was positive linear correlation between the birth weight and the bone mineral density ($Y=3.9{\times}10^{-5}X+0.093$, r=0.7296, p<0.001). There were positive correlations between the bone mineral density and gestational age, and between the bone mineral density and the birth weight. It can be used as a reference data for the further study on the bone mineral metabolism in the newborn infants including preterm babies.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2008

Different toxic wastes are disposed of in our surroundings and these will ultimately threaten the existence of living organisms. Biohydrometallurgy, which includes the processes of bioleaching and bioremediation through the activities of microorganisms such as bacterial or fungal species, is a technology that has the potential to overcome many environmental problems at a reasonable economic cost. Bioleaching were carried out for dissolution of metals from different materials using most important metal mobilizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Laptospirillum ferrooxidans. According to the reaction, bioleaching is parted as direct and indirect mechanism. In direct mechanism the bacteria oxidize the sulphides minerals by accepting electron and producing sulphuric acid in leaching media for their growth and metabolism. In other hand the indirect bioleaching is demonstrated as the oxidation of sulphides mineral by the oxidant like $Fe^{3+}$ produced by the iron oxidizing bacteria. Through this process, substantial amount of metal can be recovered from low-grade ores, concentrates, industrial wastes like sludge, tailings, fly ash, slag, electronic scrap, spent batteries and spent catalysts. This may be alternative technology to solve the high deposition of waste, which moves toward a healthy environment and green world.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2001

The development of expression systems for heterologous proteins has been greatly demanded not only for the study of the structure/function relationships of these proteins but also for their biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. During the past decades, the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris have drawn attention as one of promising hosts for the production of a variety of heterologous proteins. The increasing popularity of H. polymorpha and P. pastoris as the host systems can be attributed to the several advantages over the traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as the availability of very strong and tightly regulated promoters from the enzymes involved in the metabolism of methanol, a very high-cell density even on simple mineral media, and a high stability of expression plasmids. Furthermore, it has been observed that glycoproteins from these two yeasts are less hyperglycoylated compared to those from S. cerevisiae. Despite substantial similarities as methylotrophic yeasts, however, these two expression systems have some unique features distinguished from each other. In this paper we present a brief overview on the present status of the expression systems developed in methylotrophic yeast, mainly focusing on the similarities and differences between the H. polymorpha and P. pastoris systems.