• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 1990

When mice irradiated by neutron (Be) are fed with ginseng concentrate, ginseng powder, and adaptagen of which the major ingredient is ginseng alkaloid to neutron (Be source) irradiated mouse, the following results are obtained. 1. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) for the neutron irradiation were 4 days at 600 rad, 7 days at 500 rad, 16 days at 400 rad, 33 days at 375 rad, and 55 days at 350 rad. In thistest, the standard amollntofirradiation was set at 375 rad/8 min. 2. Some spots appeared in the tail of the neutron-irradiated mouse because of blood congestion, and some had its tip tails cut. But the group administered with adaptagen did not show any of these symptoms. 3. The neutron irradiated mouse showed darkening the color of their lung-chloasmas while none of the adaptagen group had this symptom. 4. The lung tissue of the neutron irradiated mouse showed an increase of the karyolysis and cytoplasmic vacuole. 5. When both neutron irradiation and the ginseng sllbstances were given to the mouse at the same day, the 50% lethal days were increased to 29-33 days for the group administered with ginseng extract. 67 days for the group given with the ginseng powder. and 80 days for the groilp arith the adaptagen. 6. The survival rate of those fed with adaptagen for 33 days before the neutron-irradiation was 100%, while the 50% lethal daysofthe group fed with ginsengextract were 39 days and that of the group fed with ginseng powder were 69 days. 7. The serum valued of ${\gamma}$-globulin, IgG, and albumin were returned to normal condition in the group fed with adaptagen for 33 days before the neutron-irradiation. But those of the group which were given the irradiation and the ginseng substances at the same day did not show such a recovery.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20 % glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7~10) loaded into 0.25 ml straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (- 196$^{\circ}C$) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow (3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine (2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow (2.9), porcine (2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1 (cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5 (porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine (2.6), rat (2.3), cow (1.7) and mouse (0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow (2.9), rabbit (2.6), rat (1.3) and porcine (1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.147.3-148
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• 2003

Recently, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for the intervention of carcinogenesis. Curcumin, a yellow coloring ingredient of turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae), has been shown to inhibit experimental carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, but molecular mechanisms underlying its chemopreventive activities remain unclear. In the present work, we found that curcumin inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of CPX-2 in female ICR mouse skin when applied topically 30 min prior to TPA as determined by both immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. (omitted)

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.145-161
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• 2007

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. The clinical phenotype that characterizes AD is the product of interactions between susceptible genes, the environmental factors, defective skin barrier function, and immunologic responses. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the immunopathophysiology of AD and the implications for mouse models of AD in drug discovery from medicinal plants.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1992

Cryopreservation of mouse embryos biopsied at 4-cell stage was investigated by ultrarapid freezing. Four-cell embryos were obtained from ICR mice on 55h after hCG injection. Zona pellucida of the embryos were partially dissected with a cutting pipet, and then single blastomeres were biopsied from the embryos followed by incubation in $Ca^2$+ and $Mg^2$+-free M16 medium for 30min. Biopsied embryos cultured for lh or 15h were frozen by ultrarapid freezing method using 3M DMSO or 5M glycerol as a cryoprotectant, respectively. The developmental rate of biopsied embryos after ultrarapid freezing and thawing to blastocysts was 81 % in the group of biopsied embryos cultured for lb and 98% in the group of biopsied embryos cultured for 15h, respectively. When biopsied embryos after ultrarapid freezing and thawing were transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant recipients, normal live young were born. These results suggest that this freezing method can efficiently cryopreserve biopsied mouse embryos.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1995

The cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and neuroprotective effects of a variety of agents were investigated in newborn mouse forebrain tissue culture. In our experiments, oxygen radical was generated enzymatically by glucose oxidase and the values were expressed as a percentage of number of living cells by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxicity of oxygen radicals was prevented by catalase and (N, N, N', N', -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), but N-tetra-ot-butyl-phenylnitrone (PBN), and deferoxamine (DFX), failed to show protective effects against oxygen radicals. Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), 7-chlorokynurenic acid (CKA), and MK801 (a non-competitive NMDA antagonist) were also not effective in blocking neurotoxicity induced by glucose oxidase generated oxygen radicals.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2007

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is an enzymatic ribonucleoprotein that prolongs the replicative life span of cells by maintaining protective structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomerase activity is highly up-regulated in 85-90% of human cancers, and is predominately regulated by hTERT expression. In contrast, most normal somatic tissues in humans express low or undetectable levels of telomerase activity. This expression profile identifies TERT as a potential anticancer target. By using an RNA mapping strategy based on a trans-splicing ribozyme library, we identified the regions of mouse TERT (mTERT) RNA that were accessible to ribozymes. We found that particularly accessible sites were present downstream of the AUG start codon. This mTERTspecific ribozyme will be useful for validation of the RNA replacement as cancer gene therapy approach in mouse model with syngeneic tumors.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2002

A sperm factor(s) for oocyte activation during fertilization has not been clearly identified. In this study to elucidate an oocyte activation factor(s), mouse sperm were sonicated and ultra-filtered with a 30 kilo-daltons (KD) cutoff membrane and the ultra-filtrate was then sequentially fractionated over Suporose 12 column and Superdex column, The recovered fractions were micro-injected into Mⅱmouse oocytes and second polar body formation (PBF) was examined. Suporose fraction RV2.10 prepared from sperm extract significantly increased PBF. Of Superdex fractions re-separated from Suporose fraction RV2.10, fraction RV2.12 also had the strongest PBF activity. By analyzing with micro-reverse phase column (URPC), the Superdex fraction RV2.12 appeared to be glutamic acid. In microinjection test, glutamic acid significantly increased PBF. This study suggests that glutamic acid should be a type of sperm factor for second polar body formation related to oocyte activation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.152-152
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• 2002

In order to understand the mechanism of action of TCDD, we have examined the effect of COX-inhibitors on cyplal activity. We observed the effect of COX-inhibitor on EROD activity in C57BL/6 mouse in vivo. And we also evaluated the effect of COX-inhibitors on cyplal mRNA, mouse cyp1a1 promoter activity and EROD activity in Hepa cell.(omitted)

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2002

The present experiments were designed to study the influence of Baekgumhwan on immune function of ICR mice under stress condition. Baekgumhwan was orally administered to the mice for 15days. on the 11th day the mice subjected to electric footshock for 5days(2 session a day, 11 footshocks a 31 min-session). B/T cell populations in splenocytes were studied by FACS analysis and cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ rand IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA were studied by sandwich ELISA assay on the 15th day. The results were as follows. 1. After electric footshock, mice became sluggish and crowded to one side of the cage. Increased B/T cell populations in splenocytes were observed. These results confirm that electric footshock caused stress inducing immunological and behavioral changes in ICR mice. 2. Baekgumhwan administration without stress increase B cell populations in splenocytes, but T cell populations and cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA maintain as similar levels as in the normal group. 3. Baekgumhwan administration with stress significantly antagonized the effect of electric footshock on behavior, increased B cell populations in splenocytes, so maintain as similar levels as in the normal group. cytokines($IFN-{\gamma}$ rand IL-10) production of the mouse splenocytes treated with PHA maintain as similar levels as in the normal group and T cell populations in splenocytes were increased as stress control.