• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

젖소 초유에는 성장인자가 풍부하게 함유되어 있는데, 상처 치유에 중요한 역할을 하고, 초유의 생리활성 기능을 담당하고 있다. Tyrosine kinase receptor의 활성을 유도하는 성장인자가 특이적으로 관여하여 세포의 분화, 면역기능, 신경기능 등 세포간 상호작용에 관여하는 EGFR(상피증식인자 수용체)와 FGFR(섬유아세포 증식인자)가 있다. 또한 VEGFR (혈관내피 증식인자)와 PDGF(혈소판유래 증식인자)도 존재한다. 조직회복을 위한 각질세포 분화와 세포의 이행에 성장인자가 상승효과를 나타내었고, 초유 또는 초유에 포함된 성장인자 peptide들은 장관질환 치료에 효과가 있으므로 치료제로 이용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.42.1-42.12
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• 2024

Importance: Bovine mastitis, predominantly associated with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, poses a significant threat to dairy cows, leading to a decline in milk quality and volume with substantial economic implications. Objective: This study investigated the incidence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus associated with mastitis in dairy cows. Methods: Fifty milk-productive cows underwent a subclinical mastitis diagnosis, and the S. aureus strains were isolated. Genomic DNA extraction, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were performed, supplemented by including 124 S. aureus genomes from cows with subclinical mastitis to enhance the overall analysis. Results: The results revealed a 42% prevalence of subclinical mastitis among the cows tested. Genomic analysis identified 26 sequence types (STs) for all isolates, with Mexican STs belonging primarily to CC1 and CC97. The analyzed genomes exhibited multidrug resistance to phenicol, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and cephalosporine, which are commonly used as the first line of treatment. Furthermore, a similar genomic virulence repertoire was observed across the genomes, encompassing the genes related to invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and iron uptake. In particular, the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tss-1) was found predominantly in the genomes isolated in this study, posing potential health risks, particularly in children. Conclusion and Relevance: These findings underscore the broad capacity for antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity by S. aureus, compromising the integrity of milk and dairy products. The study emphasizes the need to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics in combating S. aureus infections.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1998

The prevalence of iron deficiency in later infancy and the toddler years(25% to 40% at 1 year of age) has not decreased remarkably , except in Western countries. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the relationship between current feeding practices and iron status, and 2) assess compliance to infant feeding instructions. Two groupsof infants were examined. The first group of 302 infants aged 6 to 24months was seen at a well baby clinic while the second group of 135 infants of the same age group was assessed by venipuncture. Cutoff values for laboratory tests were as follows ; hemoglobin<11g/dL, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <72fl ; red cell distribution width(RDW)>15% ; serum ferritin level<10ng/ml ; and transferrin saturation (serum iron(TIBC)<10%. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was made when a low hemoglobin level was associated with either low ferritin orlow transferrin saturation . Of the 302 children brought to the well baby clinic , 12.3%(n=37) were found to have anemia (hemoglobin<11.0/dL). In terms of children grouped according to feeding practices, it was found that children with anemial comprised 32.0% (24/75) of the prolonged breast-fed group (Group A), significantly more than the 4.0%(7/176) of the artificial milk feeding group(Group B). and 3.9%(2/51) of the switched from breast milk to iron -fortified weaning foods group(Group C).Among the 107 children with IDA , iron deficiency in 105 children(98.1%) was suggested by their dietary histories ; exclusive or prolonged breast-feeding for more than 6 months without iron fortification in 98 infants ; cow's milk consumption> 500ml/day without iron fortification during infancy(n=12), or >800ml without iron-fortified foods after infancy(n=15) ; and the use of unfortified forumula or unbalanced diets, mainly limited to rice gruel. Despite the relatively high (79.6%) motivation on the part of the infants mothers and supervison by professional personnel, the poor results in the infants receiving iron fortified foods were due to poor compliance(85.75). Among the mothers of 98 IDA patients who were contacted by telephone , it was revealed that 29% did not give the oral iron preparation for more than 2 months. Furthermore, negligence or disregard by the parents occurred in 14% of the case , discontinuance of the oral iron preparation by the parents due to side effects occurred in 6%, and the children's refusal or poor oral intake and no further trial occurred in 6%. The dietary history of a large group of infants was highly predictive of their risk for anemia . Continued consumption of breast milk until the age of 1 year is not warranted unless iron-fortified foods are given concomitantly. Because there is a problem with compliance, more successful and safe strategies for preventing iron deficiency woold included dual coverage in the from of therapeutic iron supplementation as well use of iron-fortified foods for teddlers who are at risk of iron deficiency.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2010

To investigate the neuroprotective effects of bovine colostrums (BC), we evaluate the ability of consuming BC after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model to reduce serum cytokine levels and infarct volume, and improve neurological outcome. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; one sham operation and three experimental groups. In the experimental groups, MCA occlusion (2 h) and subsequent reperfusion (O/R) were induced with regional cerebral blood flow monitoring. One hour after MCAO/R and once daily during the experiment, the experimental group received BC while the other groups received 0.9% saline or low fat milk (LFM) orally. Seven days later, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) levels were assessed. Also, the infarct volume was assessed by using a computerized image analysis system. Behavioral function was also assessed using a modified neurologic severity score and corner turn test during the experiment. Rats receiving BC after focal brain I/R showed a significant reduction (-26%/-22%) in infarct volume compared to LFM/saline rats, respectively (P < 0.05). Serum IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels were decreased significantly in rats receiving BC compared to LFM/saline rats (P < 0.05). In behavioral tests, daily BC intake showed consistent and significant improvement of neurological deficits for 7 days after MCAO/R. BC ingestion after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury may prevent brain injury by reducing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and brain infarct volume in a rat model.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2019

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 1997

증편 반죽에서 일어나는 일련의 이화학적 성질의 변화간의 연관성과 발효시 증편 반죽의 이화학직 성질의 차이가 증편 제조 후 저장 중의 품질 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 증편 반죽의 pH는 발효가 진행되면서 PH 5.96∼4:36 사이에서 계속 감소하였다. 설탕첨가군의 경우 그렇지 않은 군보다 pH 변화가 완만했으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 증편 반죽의 부피는 발효시간에 따라 증가했으며 발효가 반복될수록 최대 부피에 도달하는 시간이 짧아졌으며 최대 부피는 커졌다. 평균 부피는 콩물을 첨가한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 컷다(p<.05). 반죽의 점도는 발효초기에 감소하였다가 콩물 첨가군의 경우 발효 2시간 이후 급격히 증가하였으며 대조군의 경우 1차 발효 후부터 급격히 증가하였다. 반죽내의 환원당량은 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음부터 넣은 군의 경우, 완만한 증가를 보이다가 감소하였고, 2차 발효후 다시 증가하였다. 대조군의 경우, 1차 발효시까지는 증가하였고 1차 발효 후 다시 감소하였다. 환원당량의 변화양상은 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음부터 넣은 군과 대조군 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < .05). 관능검사를 통한 증편의 저장시 품질의 변화를 연구한 결과 저장기간에 따라 모든 군의 경도는 증가하였고 부드러운 정도, 탄력성, 촉촉한 정도, 전체적인 수응도 등은 감소하였다. 그러나 콩물을 첨가한 군은 그렇지 않은 군보다, 또한 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음에 첨가한 군은 그렇지 않은 군보다 이러한 변화가 서서히 일어났다. QTS로 texture를 측정한 결과 저장기간에 따라 경도, 검성, 씹힘성은 증가했으며 부착성은 감소하였다. 이러한 변화는 콩물을 첨가한 군에서그렇지 않은 군보다 서서히 일어났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1341-1352
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• 2001

Vacuum freeze drying process by which frozen water in a drying material is removed sublimation under vacuum condition, is now applied to various industrial field such as the manufacturing and packaging of pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical industry, the drying of bio- products in bio-technology industry, the treatment of various quality food stuff in food technology, and so on. The Knowledge about the heat and mass transfer characteristics related with the vacuum freeze drying process is crucial to improve the efficiency of the process as well as the quality of dried products. In spite of increasing needs for understanding of the process, the research efforts in this fields are still insufficient. In this paper, a numerical code that can predict primary drying in a vial is developed based on the finite volume method with a moving grid system. The calculation program can handle the axis- symmetric and multi-dimensional characteristics of heat and mass transfer of the vial freeze drying process. To demonstrated the usefulness of the present analysis, a practical freeze drying of skim Milk solution in a vial is simulated and various calculation results are presented.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 반응표면분석법을 활용하여 균질 조건, 저장 온도, 저장 기간 등이 유지방의 크림화와 상층부와 하층부의 지방 함량 변화 등에 대해 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 최적의 균질 효율을 갖는 조건들을 예측하고자 실시하였다. 반응표면분석법의 독립변수로는 균질압, 저장 온도, 저장 기간을 설정하였고, -1, 0, 1의 3수준으로 20개의 실험구를 설계하여 종속변수인 creaming, USPHS code, 상층부의 $D_{4,3}$, 하층부의 $D_{4,3}$에 대해 실험을 실시하였다. 반응표면분석과 회귀분석 결과, 균질한 우유의 실험 데이터와 RSM에 의해 예측된 값들간의 상관계수는 0.8 이상의 상관성을 보였다. 반응표면분석의 최적화 결과, $10^{\circ}C$에서 15일의 저장 기간 동안 3 mm 이하의 크림화를 유지하기 위해서는 14 MPa 이상의 균질압이 요구되고, $20^{\circ}C$에서 15일의 저장 기간 동안 3 mm 이하의 크림화를 유지하기 위해서는 17 MPa 이상의 균질압이 요구된다. $10^{\circ}C$에서 15일의 저장 기간 동안 USPHS code를 10% 미만으로 유지하기 위해서는 16.8 MPa의 균질압이 요구되며, $20^{\circ}C$에서 15일 동안의 저장 기간을 유지하기 위해서는 23.1 MPa의 균질압이 요구된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1583-1588
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• 2007

PC 카메라를 이용하여 식초, 우유 및 탁주의 산도 적정을 자동화하였다. 피적정액의 화상에서 선택된 144개 pixel의 hue값의 평균값을 일정 시간 간격으로 산출하고, 이 평균값의 변화를 추적하여 적정액의 공급을 제어하는 방법을 사용하였다. 식초와 우유의 적정에서는 hue값 평균값이 적정전보다 5이상 증가하는 것을 종말점으로 하였으며, 탁주의 경우에는 70이상 증가하는 것을 종말점으로 하였다. 이 방법을 식초, 우유 및 탁주의 산도 적정에 적용한 결과, 식초의 경우에는 수동적정과 자동적정의 0.1 N NaOH용액의 소요량이 각각 $21.409{\pm}0.066mL$ 및 $21.403{\pm}0.055mL$였고, t-test 결과 p값이 0.841이었다. 우유의 경우에는 수동적정과 자동적정의 0.1 N NaOH용액의 소요량이 각각 $1.390{\pm}0.025mL$ 및 $1.388{\pm}0.027mL$였고, p값은 0.907이었다. 탁주의 경우에는 수동적정과 자동적정의 0.1 N NaOH용액의 소요량이 각각 $4.738{\pm}0.028mL$ 및 $4.752{\pm}0.037mL$였고, p값은 0.518이었다. 세가지 경우 모두 유의수준 0.05에서 유의차가 인정되지 않았으므로(p>0.05), 본 연구의 자동적정 방법을 산도 적정에 응용할 수 있다고 생각되었으며, 색변화를 이용하여 종말점을 검출하는 대부분의 적정에 무리 없이 적용할 수 있다고 생각되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2006

The rheological properties of dough made the substitution of wheat flour(composite flour) at the levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% soymilk residue flour, with addition of vital wheat gluten at the levels of 3, 6 and 9% were investigated. And nutrition contents of soymilk residue flour were analyzed. The results were as follows; Principal components of soymilk residue flour were 22.0% crude protein, 13.2% crude lipid, 54.3% carbohydrate, 27.2% dietary fiber and $220{\mu}g/g$ isoflavones. Free amino acid component of soymilk residue were L-glutamic acid, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, L-threonine, L-methionine and L-cystine. Total dietary fiber content of bread with soymilk residue and wheat flour were 5% soymilk residue; 3.50%, 10% soymilk residues; 4.65%, 15% soymilk residues; 5.96%, and wheat flour bread: 2.1% respectively Mixing water absorption capacity was increased by increasing amounts of added soymilk residue and vital wheat gluten. Dough development time was increased by increasing amounts of added soymilk residues, while decreased by increasing amounts of vital wheat gluten. The dough volume of composite flour with 5%, 10% and 15% soymilk residue flour were the smaller than wheat flour dough. But the dough volume was increased by added vital wheat gluten, and the composite flour with 5% soymilk residue flour and 9% vital wheat gluten was better than the others. This study proved that the dough volume of composite flour with 5% soymilk residue flour and 9% vital wheat gluten was better than the others. On the other hand, the soymilk residue flour contains dietary fiber, isoflavone, protein, lipid and carbohydrate. Therefore the soymilk residue flour will be very useful as food material.