• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

This study was performed for analyzing the general composition and the change in the quality of soymilk-derived yogurts manufactured by adding skim milk and whey powder to soymilk heat-treated at $95^{\circ}C$/5 min and $120^{\circ}C$/10 min, respectively. 1. During the storage of soymilk yogurt, the concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, and lactose slightly decreased, whereas viscosity, content of ash and NPN, and the number of lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged. 2. The pH and titratable acidity changed rapidly in all soymilk yogurts after 3 h of incubation. 3. We found $7.8{\times}10^8$ lactic acid bacteria in the control sample, $4.7{\times}10^8$ and $5.02{\times}10^8$ in soymilk yogurt with skim milk, respectively, and $5.9{\times}10^8$ and $5.5{\times}10^8$, respectively in soymilk yogurt with whey powder according to degree of heat treatment with $95^{\circ}C$/5 min and $120^{\circ}C$/10 min. 4. The viscosity of yogurt samples became lower as the heat treatment increased in temperature and in the length of time. 5. The value of sensory evaluation was relatively high in soymilk yogurt with the added skim milk, which was heat-treated $95^{\circ}C$/5 min; however, the value was significantly lower than that of the control sample. 6. Lactose, glucose, and galactose were detected in all samples because lactose is degraded into glucose and galactose within 3 h of inoculation.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2022

Cacao is recognized not only as a raw material for making chocolate but also as an excellent functional food with a high antioxidant effect. The consumption of raw cacao and its processed form of cacao has a beneficial effect on health. The aim of this study was to reveal the possible biological functions of yoghurt that was prepared with added cacao nibs (Theobroma cacao L.). The 2,2-anziobis (3-ehtylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic aicd (ABTS) radical scavenging ability of yogurt containing Cacao nibs from 1 to 5% was higher than that of the control group, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was similar in all the test groups after 12 hours of fermentation. The antibacterial activity of the control and yogurt with the cacao nibs was shown to be very strong against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 1631, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella Typhimurium M-15 in fermented milk for 16, 24, and 48 hours, but the fermentation times at 0, 4, and 8 hours showed no activity. The Cacao nibs powder inhibited IκBα-phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. The yogurt containing the cacao nibs significantly inhibited the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Our development of yogurt that combines milk as a complete food and cacao nibs, which has several physiological functions, is expected to greatly contribute to research on new functional fermented milk.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1998

This study was carried out to give some help for housewives recognizing the desirable purchase of processed foods and food additives. This results were abtained as follows; In case of purchase action for processed foods of housewives confirmation of manufacturing date was the highest point(4.62). When housewives bought processed foods they considered the taste of them as first, and frequencies of processed foods intake showed the ratio of 46.6%, also it was shown to be used once a week. The order for use of processed foods were milk, milk products(butter, cheese, yoghurt, lactic bacterium beverage) 40.2% >canned foods 22.6% >meat products(ham, sausage, bacon) 20.9% > jelled fish 16.3%. Most of housewives wanted to have the knowledge and information for food additives at the highest point(4.11). The interest about food additives of housewives was shown to the order of synthetic preservative 3.86 >chemical seasoning 3.74 >synthetic sweetener 3.59 >synthetic coloring agent 3.53. Also, it was shown to be thought that the hazard factors effected on food safety were agricultural chemical residue(30.9%), environmental pollution(25.2, food additives(23.0%), and microorganism contamination(20.9%).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to determine the separation condition of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfony(Dansyl) derivatives of amino acids by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with Nova-Pak C18 column. Determined solvent system was solvent A(200mA phosphate buffer pH 6.8 15%, acetonitrile 11%, water 74%) and solvent B(acetonitrile 65%, methanol 28%, water 7%). Linear gradient of solvent B was applied from 12% to 80% for 50min. Complete separation of 20 amino acids including asparagine and glutamine which constitute protein was achieved within 50min. As the detection limit was the range of picomole, the resolution power was excellent. Reproducibility of the retention time was less than mean $\pm$0.05min. According to the above optimum chromatographic conditions, the amino acid composition of some food and human blood was examined. The most affluent amino acid was alanine in human blood, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in soy sauce, alanine and threonine in soy milk and proline in milk and yoghurt.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2004

한국산 비파 과실의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 비파 착즙액을 첨가한 기능성 yoghurt를 개발하기 위한 기초 연구로 비파 착즙액의 농도별(10, 15, 20%) 첨가가 요구르트 균주의 산 생성 및 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Str. thermophilus, Lac. acidophilus, Lao. casei를 단독균주 및 혼합군주로 접종하여 배양하면서 생균수와 pH 및 적정산도를 측정하였다. 비파 착즙액의 성분 특성은 수분 91.5%, 조회분 0.2%, 당 8.6$^{\circ}$Brix, 총산 0.34%, pH 4.11이었다. 단독균주의 경우 비파 착즙액의 첨가 농도(10, 15, 20%)를 달리하였을 때 Str. thermophilus는 착즙액 10% 첨가시 배양 12시간에 2.10${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/mL로, Lac. acidophilus는 착즙액 10-15% 첨가시 배양 15시간에 1.09${\times}$$10^{9}$-1.14${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/mL로 그리고 Lac. casei는 착즙액 10-15% 첨가시 배양 24시간에 1.47${\times}$$10^{9}$-1.54${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/mL로 가장 높은 균수를 보였다. 또한 이들 유산균의 산 생성도 비파 착즙액을 10% 첨가하였을 때 가장 많이 증가하였다. 혼합균주의 경우 Str. thermophilus와 Lac. acidophilus, Str. thermophilus와 Lac. casei는 모두 착즙액 10% 첨가구에서 배양 15시간에 각각 1.33${\times}$$10^{5}$ CFU/mL, 1.13${\times}$$10^{5}$ CFU/mL이 증가하면서 최대 균수를 나타내었으며, pH 저하와 적정산도 상승이 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 비파 착즙액 첨가 기능성 yoghurt 제조시 비파 착즙액을 10% 첨가하여 혼합 starter로 Str. thermophilus와 Lac. acidophilus 혼합균주를 사용하는 것이 이들 유산균의 증식에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2000

가공식품중의 우유단백질 분석을 위하여 효소면역측정법, ELISA를 개발하였다. 특이 항체를 생산하기 위해 열에 안정하고 우유의 주요한 단백질인 ${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$을 토끼에 면역하였다. 항${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$ 항체를 이용하여 간접경합 ELISA를 실시한 결과 검출한계는 $0.1\;{\mu}g/mL$ 이었고 ${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$, skim milk, ${\beta}-CN$과 whey protein isolate에 대한 특이항체의 반응성은 각각 100%, 37%, 0.14%과 0.04% 이었다. 그러나 다른 우유단백질인, ${\beta}-lactoglobulin,\;{\alpha}-lactalbumin$, bovine serum albumin 과 대두단백질인 isolated soy protein 에 대해서는 거의 반응성을 보이지 않았다. 샌드위치 ELISA 결과는 검출한계가 $0.01\;{\mu}g/mL$로 간접경합 ELISA 에 비하여 10배 정도 민감해져 따라서 이를 시료 분석에 이용하였다. 시유에 1-10%의 whole CN을 첨가한 spike test 결과 whole CN의 평균 회수율이 94.8%(CV, 8.2%)으로 나타났다. 식품재료와 유가공 제품에 대한 whole CN의 정량분석을 실시한 결과 탈지유는 29%, WPI는 0.03%, 농후 요구르트는 0.25%였으며 가공치즈는 6.9%로 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

China that holds various and plentiful food resources had little growth in dairy industry compared with her long history. But after the establishment the People's Republic of China, It began to activate. Because of the economic growth and the improvement of living standard of China, dairy products were becoming common food, so Chinese dairy industry was considering as a industry which accomplishes a rapid growth. On the ground of a sudden economic growth, the progress of income level of China and the open economy, the world dairy industry was concerned about the Chinese market, so, the Chinese dairy industry would bring an exorbitant change in the world dairy industry. Therefore, We Korean dairy industry must make inroads into the Chinese market by making a royalty profit through the transfer of technical know-how and the export of dairy products.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2004

Chlorella 추출물을 첨가한 드링크 타입 요구르트를 개발하기 위하여 chlorella추출물 분말 0.25%를 첨가하여 발효시킨 후 chlorella 추출물 액상을 농도별 (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%)로 첨가하여 제조한 드링크 타입 요구르트의 저장성과 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. Chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가 드링크 타입 요구르트를 무침가구와 함께 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 15일 동안 저장한 결과, 4$^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 pH 4.13-4.27, 적정산도는 0.66-0.75%이었고, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 pH는 3.53 -3.56, 적정산도는 1.30-l.37%으로 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구에 비하여 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구의 pH와 적정산도는 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안에는 젖산의 생성량이 크게 증가하여 매우 높은 산도를 나타내었다. 그리고 유산균수의 경우 4$^{\circ}C$에서는 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구는 8.42-8.89 log CFU/$m\ell$, 무첨가구는 8.62 log CFU/$m\ell$이었고, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구는 9.15-9.45 log CFU/$m\ell$, 무첨가구는 9.26 log CFU/$m\ell$이었다. 각 온도에서 chlorella 추출물 액상을 첨가한 드링크 타입 요구르트는 저장 기간 동안 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구와 큰 차이 없이 유사한 균수를 유지하였으나, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때에는 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우보다 높은 유산균수를 보였다. 그러나 chlorella 추출물 액상을 첨가한 실험구나 무첨가 대조구의 경우 저장 온도에 상관없이 15일까지 법적 유산균수(8.0 log CFU/$m\ell$ 이상)를 모두 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구가 색, chlorella 맛, 후미, 전체적인 기호도에 있어서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 가장 높은 평가를 받았으며, chlorella 향, 단맛, 신맛에 있어서도 비교적 우수한 평가를 받아 관능적으로 높은 기호도를 나타내었고 올리고당의 첨가량은 20% 첨가시 후미와 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2005

가루녹차를 첨가한 액상 요구르트를 제조하기 위하여 가루녹차를 농도별($0.5\%,\;1.0\%\;1.5\%\;2.0\%$로 첨가하여 발효시킨 액상 요구르트의 저장성과 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 가루녹차 첨가 액상 요구르트를 무첨가구와 함께 $4^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 20일 동안 저장한 결과유산균수의 경우 $4^{\circ}C$에서는 가루녹차 첨가구는 $2.1\times10^8\~6.2\times10^8$ CFU/mL, 무첨가구는 $8.3\times10^8$ CFU/mL이었고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 가루녹차 첨가구는 $4.2\times10^3\~8\times10^5$ CFU/mL, 무첨가구는 $7.7\times10^5$ CFU/mL이었다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 가루녹차 첨가구는 저장 기간 동안 무첨가구와 큰 차이 없이 유사한 균수를 유지하였으나, $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때에는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우보다 낮은 유산균 수를 보였다. 그리고 $4^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 $4.16\~4.22$, 적정산도는 $0.792\~0.881\%$이었고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 pH는 $3.82\~3.92$, 적정산도는 $1.057\~ 1.174\%$이었다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안 가루녹차 첨가구의 pH와 적정산도는 변화가 크지 않았으나, $20^{\circ}C$에 저장하는 동안에는 젖산의 생성량이 크게 증가하여 매우 높은 산도를 나타내었다. 가루녹차 첨가 액상 요구르트는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 20일까지 법적 유산균수($1.0\times10^8$ CFU/mL 이상)를 충족하였으며, pH와 적정산도도 요구르트의 바람직한 pH와 적정산도의 범위에 대체적으로 일치하여 유지되었다. 관능 검사 결과 가루녹차 $0.5\%$ 첨가구가 향미, 단맛, 입안 느낌, 후미에 있어서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 가장 높은 평가를 받았으며, 색, 전체적인 기호도에 있어서도 비교적 높은 점수를 얻어 관능적으로 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 올리고당 첨가량은 $20\%$ 첨가시 단맛, 후미, 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가되었다. 따라서 가루녹차 $0.5\%$와 올리고당 $20\%$의 첨가가 가루녹차 첨가 액상 요구르트 제조를 위해 가장 적합한 것으로 사료되었다.