• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the health promotion effect of fermented milk and historical story of Korean dairy products from the ancient period to present. Although the origin of fermented milk is Europe, the recede of fermented milk was founded in far-east and middle east areas at BC 4C. After the spread of fermented milk to Korea and Japan. The consumption of fermented milk in Korea was dramatically increased to 14.2 kg per person in 1997. Health promotion effect of fermented milk can be devided to 5 major effected improvements of intestinal microflora, anticancer, cholesterol assimilation anti-pathogenic activity. Fermented milk reduced the level of ${\beta}$-glucornidase and nitroreductase to 50% and it provides anticancer activity by cell wall an polysaccharides. Fermented milk has cholesterol assimilation activity ca. 54${\sim}$40% (B. longum, Str. thermophillus). Anti-pathogenic activity of fermented milk was significant. It appeared that Sal. ser. typhimurium was more susceptible than 5. coli 0157 at low pH fermented milk. Viable cells of E. coli 0157 were not dramatically decreased in most of fermented milks tested, but in general, Sal. ser. typhimurium was drastically decreased in most of the fermented milks.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

Consumers have become increasingly more aware of food safety issues, as a consequence of s number of food scandals. Most of these scandals have been related to livestock products. However, most consumers still believe that it is possible to produce safe food at low prices, while a small group of consumers is willing to pay a price surplus for special quality. Organic standards, especially for livestock products, have very few definitions of process quality, and even fewer of these definitions that influence product quality. This paper work to organic milk production and marketing trends in Korea.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the term effect of fermented milk in drink on rats fed by cholesterol diet. 150 to 5-week-old male rates of Sprague-Dawley strain weer divided into six groups according to diet and content of fermented milk in drink. The first group served as normal control group fed by synthetic pellets of standard diet. The second , cholesterol control group, was treated with standard diet containing 1% of cholesterol and 500000IU/100g of vitamin D2. The other four groups. fermented milk groups, FM-25,FM-50 , FM 75 and FM-100 were treated with the cholesterol and vitamin D2 diet and supplied with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of fermented milk in drink , respectively. The animals were sacrificed for analysis in 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Weight gain, diet intake , and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Fermented milk reduced serum cholesterol to a significant effect (p<0.05) and significantly increased the ratio of high density lipprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol(p<0.05). Serum triglycerides were reduced to a smaller and less significant effect in fermented milk group. The aorta and liver of fermented milk showed slighter medial calcification and necrosis and milder fat degeneration than did the cholesterol control group. Supplementation of fermented milk may have a helpful effect on hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine if Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables predict soy milk intake in a sample of WIC participants in 2 Illinois counties (n = 380). A cross-sectional survey was used, which examined soy foods intake, behavioral beliefs, subjective norms, motivation, and intention. Soy product intake was low at both sites, and many participants (40%) did not know that soy milk was WIC approved. Most (> 70%) wanted to comply with their health care providers, but didn't know their opinions about soy milk (50-66%). Intention was significantly correlated with intake (0.507, P ${\leq}$ 0.01; 0.308, P ${\leq}$ 0.05). Environmental beliefs (0.282 and 0.410, P ${\leq}$ 0.01) and expectancy beliefs (0.490 and 0.636, P ${\leq}$ 0.01) were correlated with intention. At site 1, 30% of the variance in intention to consume soy milk was explained by expectancy beliefs and subjective norm beliefs (P < 0.0001); at site 2, 40% of the variance in intention was explained by expectancy beliefs. The TPB variables of expectancy beliefs predicted intention to consume soy milk in WIC participants. Therefore, knowing more about the health benefits of soy and how to cook with soy milk would increase WIC participants' intention to consume soy milk. Positive messages about soy milk from health care providers could influence intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.782-790
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• 1995

The longitudinal changes in protein secretion from 27 lactating women(primiparae = 10, multiparae=17) and protein intake of infants have been studied from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum in Chungju and Anseong area. The protein contents o breast milk in primiparae appeared significantly higher than in multipaae at 0.5 and 1 month postpartum. The protein secretion of primiparae and multiparae was not significantly different. In breast-feeding period, there was a tendency that protein secretion from 0.5 to 2 months postpartum was higher than thereafter. Average protein intake of boys from milk from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because volume of milk intake of boys was much more than that of girls. In the amount of protein intake per infant weight, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. Protein intakes per infant weight decreased during lactation. Mean energy consumption of lactating women was 2,327㎉/day, which was 93.1% of recommended energy allowance for Koreans. Mean dietary protein consumption of lactating women was 81g/day, which was 101.3% of recemmended protein allowance for Koreans. Energy ratio of carbohydrate : protein : lipid was appeared to 68.8 : 13.9 : 17.3.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2023

본 연구는 우유, 두유, 기타 식물성 대체우유에 대한 객관적 이해를 바탕으로 식물성 대체우유를 바르게 이용하도록 돕기 위한 교육자료로써 카드뉴스를 개발하였다. FGI 대상자는 우유, 두유, 기타 식물성 대체우유 중 한 가지라도 최근 3개월 이내에 직접 구입하여 한 달에 한 번 이상 섭취한 사람이며 이들 중 두 가지 이상 섭취한 경우에는 섭취 빈도가 높은 것에 배정하였다. 이 기준에 맞는 19~65세 미만 남녀 17명(남자 9명과 여자 8명)을 편의추출법으로 선정하여 대상자를 구성하였다. 면담은 연령대별로 나누어 연구자가 대면이나 ZOOM으로 가이드라인에 따라 진행하였다. FGI를 통해 식물성 대체우유에 대해 대상자가 궁금해하거나 바른 소비를 위해 알아야 하는 정보를 선정하였다. 선정된 정보를 중심으로 쉽고 간결하게 콘텐츠를 구성한 후 식물성 대체우유의 주 소비자인 MZ 세대의 감각에 맞춰 디자인하여 온라인에서도 활용할 수 있는 10 페이지 분량의 카드뉴스를 완성하였다. 카드뉴스 콘텐츠 제작 시 최신 학술 동향을 담도록 하였으며 카드뉴스 시안에 대하여 전문가 자문 및 잠재 소비자 검토를 받아 수정과정을 거쳤다. 이상에서 본 연구를 통해 식물성 대체우유에 관한 카드뉴스 형식의 교육자료를 개발하였으며, 앞으로도 빠르게 변화하고 있는 식품 소비 트렌드를 반영한 교육자료 개발과 공급이 활성화되고 가정 교과 및 학교 밖 식생활교육에서도 관련 연구와 적용에 발맞춰나가야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.657-668
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• 2021

본 연구는 일반우유와 무지방우유에서 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니의 행동예측모델을 개발하고, 미생물학적 안전관리를 위한 기준의 적절성 평가를 위해 정량적 위해성평가를 수행하였다. 시중 마트에서 유통 판매되고 있는 일반우유(n=195)에서 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니의 오염실태를 모니터링한 결과 모든 제품에서 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니는 검출되지 않아 초기 오염도는 각각 -3.94 log CFU/mL로 동일하게 추정되었다. 장출혈성 대장균은 7℃ 이상의 온도에서 성장하였고, 캠필로박터 제주니는 4-25℃ 온도의 우유에서 사멸하였다. 우유에서 1차 모델에서 얻은 parameter를 사용하여 장 출혈성 대장균은 2차 성장모델을 캠필로박터 제주니는 2차 사멸예측모델을 개발하였다. 일반우유의 섭취패턴은 식품의약품안전처(2015) 연구에서 수행한 "50대 주요 축산식품의 섭취량 및 섭취패턴조사" 결과를 바탕으로 @RISK 프로그램을 활용하여 하루에 일반우유의 1회 섭취를 통하여 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니에 의한 식중독 발생 확률을 추정하였다. 추정 결과 1일 1회 일반우유 섭취로 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니로 인한 평균 식중독 발생 확률은 각각 5.70×10^-5, 9.86×10^-9 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 정량적 위해평가를 통해 일반우유에서 장출혈성 대장균과 캠필로박터 제주니의 위해수준을 산출한 결과 일반우유에서 장출혈성 대장균의 식중독 발생 가능성이 상대적으로 높으므로 우선관리 대상임을 알 수 있었고, 우유제조업체에서 교차오염 방지, 살균온도/시간 관리, 유통온도, 가정에서 온도 관리 등이 매우 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Because excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may reduce the quality of nutritional intake, this study examined the consumption patterns of commercial beverages, lifestyle, dietary habits, and perception of sweet taste. Participants were 407 male university students in Kyeooggido, Korea, and information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Among them, 58 nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the taste test. Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of commercial beverage consumptions: 120 rare (< 1 serving/week), 227 moderate (1-3 servings/week) and 133 frequent (> 3 servings/week) consumption groups. More subjects from the rare consumption group chose water, tea, and soy milk, and more from the frequent consumption group chose carbonated soft drinks and coffee (P=0.031) as their favorite drinks. Frequent consumption group consumed fruit juice, coffee, and sports and carbonated soft drinks significantly more often (P=0.002, P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively), but not milk and tea. Frequent consumption group consumed beverages casually without a specific occasion (P=0.000) than rare consumption group. Frequent drinking of commercial beverages was associated with frequent snacking (P=0.002), meal skipping (P=0.006), eating out (P=0.003), eating delivered foods (P=0.000), processed foods (P=0.001), and sweets (P=0.002), and drinking alcoholic beverages (P=0.029). Frequent consumption group tended to have a higher threshold of sweet taste without reaching statistical significance. The results provide information for developing strategies for evidence-based nutrition education program focusing on reducing consumption of unnecessary sugar-sweetened commercial beverages.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.429-441
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• 1994

The difference in lipid metabolism between breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed(FF) infants were studied in 31 Korean infants at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum. The formulas had more total lipids(TL), triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids and less cholesterol(CHOL) and free fatty acids(FFA) than the breast milk. The milk consumption of the FF infants was significantly greater than that of the BF infants with a wide individual variation. As a result, the FF infants appeared to consume more TL, TG and PL and less CHOL and FFA than the BF infants during 3 months. The lipid contents of the breast milk tended to decrease in due course of lactation, therefore the intake of lipids of BF infants was reduced during the first three month of lactation. The plasma TG and CHOL levels of infants at 3 month were not significantly different between the BF and FF infants, but the PL level of the BF infants was higher then that of the FF infants. The plasma levels of TG and CHOL were not significantly correlated with the intakes of TL, TG, CHOL, PL and FFA, respectively. The PL level, however, was positively correlated with the intakes of CHOL and FFA, respectively and negatively correlated with PL intake as well as 18 : 2w6 fatty acid content of the breast milk or the formulas. The fecal weight and fecal loss of TL of the FF infants were greater than those of the BF infants during 3 months, however, apparent lipids digestibility was not significantly different between the BF and FF infants. The fecal excretions of CHOL and bile acids of FF infants were substantially higher than those of BF infants during 3 months. New sterol balance showed a particularly large difference between the BF and FF infants. The value of the net sterol balance of the BF infants was negative, but that of the FF infants was positive. This study shows that the consumption pattern of various lipid components of BF and FF infants were different as a result of different lipid compositions between breast milk and formula. The significantly lower sterol balance of the BF infants than the FF infants may have been derived from the unique dietary characteristic of breast milk.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1994

The relationship between bone mineral density and the environmental factors were investigated from the view point of preventing osteoporosis in Korean pubescent girls. The effects of calcium, nutrient intake, physical activity on total bone mineral density, lumbar spine and femoral bone mineral density and total bone mineral content were evaluated 33 healthy pubescent girls aged 14∼16y. A convenient method was used to assess nutritional and energy intake and calcium index was used together. Calcium intake in childhood was estimated by asking whether subjects usually drank milk as children. Eating habits data and history of menstruation were obtained by questionnaire and interview. Average energy expenditure was calculated. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX＋Scanner (Lunar, Madison, WI). The lumbar spine(L2∼L4) and three sites in the proximal femur (femoral neck, trochanteric region, and Ward's triangle)were measured. Height and weight were measured, and the body mass index(BMI) was derived from the formula : BMI=kg/㎡ Statistical analysis was performed by simple correlation using the SAS package. The mean calcium intake (736mg) was below the RDA of 800mg/d. Twelve percent of the total subjects did not drink milk at all because they did not like the taste. Skipping meals, low calcium intake and low energy intake were significantly correlated with the low BMD. Also the data indicate that girls who reported drinking milk with every meal during childhood had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported drinking milk less frequently. The results suggest that milk consumption in childhood appears to be needed not only for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. There was a highly significant correlation between the total BMD and overall level of physical activity. Body weight was a better predictor of total BMD than was and other factor. Simple mechanical loading may explain why body weight, but total BMC was positively relatd to height. Conclusively, increasing calcium intake and physical activity in the pubescent girls could influence BMD.