• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제34권
• /
• pp.1.1-1.13
• /
• 2022

Background: Recently, there has been a call to improve the holistic welfare of dependent contractors (DCs). Thus, our study examined the relationship between DCs and mental health symptoms and how this relationship was modified by age, sex, and income status of workers. Methods: A total of 27,980 workers from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey are included in our study. The participants who reported having depression or anxiety over the last 12 months are defined those who had mental health symptoms. We performed exact matching for age group and sex, followed by conditional logistic regression with survey weights. Finally, stratified analyses by age, sex and income level were conducted. Results: DCs were found to be at increased risk of depression/anxiety compared to other workers. The odds ratio (OR) is 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.17). In the stratified analyses, vulnerable groups were middle-aged (OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.10-2.54]), female (OR [95% CI]: 1.85 [1.20-2.84]), and low-income (OR [95% CI]: 3.18 [1.77-5.73]) workers. Conclusions: Our study's results reinforce those of other studies that show that DCs are at greater risk of experiencing mental health issues than other workers and that and this risk is greater for middle-aged, female, and low-income workers. These results suggest that appropriate policy efforts should be made to improve the psychological well-being of DCs.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.319-332
• /
• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• 대한영상의학회지
• /
• 제83권5호
• /
• pp.1141-1146
• /
• 2022

골격외 골연골종은 연골종의 변종으로 일반적으로 족부와 수부의 관절 주위에서 발생한다. 이는 그 자체로도 희귀한 질환이지만 관절을 형성하는 구조물 외에서나 관절과 거리를 두고 발생하는 경우는 극히 드물다. 이 증례 보고는 66세 여성에게서 발생한 후경부의 골격외 골연골종의 사례이다. 저자들은 상기 질환의 전형적인 영상 소견 및 본 증례의 특이 소견을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1088-1094
• /
• 1997

One hundred twenty healthy college students and housewives from urban middle income household were investigated in terms of food consumption patterns, nutrient intake and dietary fiber intake. Total food intake was slightly lower in college students(1059.9g/d) than in housewives(1160.g/d) . However, the ration of animal food to total food was considerably higher in college students(23.7%) than in housewives(16.8%). College students tended to consume more dairly products, meat & products, and cereals & grain products but less vegetables , fruits, fish and shellfish than housewives. Although nutrient intake was not much different (except for total calories, fats, and ascorbic acid), dietary fiber intake was slightly and significantly lower in college students(14.9g/d, 8.3g/1000kcal) than in housewives(16.9g/d, 103g/1000kcal) . That is partially due to college students irregular food habits and the change in their meal patterns from traditional to western diets. There was a significantly positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and crude fiber intake.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.165-180
• /
• 2008

The present study is a descriptive survey on factors affecting middle school students' oral health belief and oral health practice. In order to find methods for forming right beliefs and inducing desirable behavioral patterns, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 470 students at two middle schools in Cheongju and drew conclusions as follows. Of the 470 questionnaires, 457 were recovered. With 10 inappropriately answered ones excluded, 446 questionnaires were analyzed. 1. As to oral health belief according to general characteristics, susceptibility was 2.63 points (p=0.035) in male students, 2.68 (p=0.016) in 3rd year students, and 2.92 (p=0.002) in only child students. Seriousness was 2.57 (p=0.017) in male students, 2.67 (p=0.001) in 3rd?year students, and 2.92 (p=0.001) in only child students. barrier was 2.62 (p=0.009) in 3rd year students, and 2.95 (p=0.002) in only child students. Benefit was 3.40 (p=0.011) in female students, and 3.43 (p=0.003) in 1st year students. salience was 3.21 (p=0.006) in female students, and 3.24 (p=0.009) in 1st year students. 2. As to oral health belief according to oral?health?related factors, susceptibility and seriousness were 2.69 (p=0.003) and 2.72 (p=0.000), respectively, in the lower?middle class group, 2.83 (p=0.001) and 2.80 (p=0.003), respectively, in the drink taking group, and 2.80 (p=0.000) and 2.75 (p=0.000), respectively, in the low conversation group. barrier was 2.63 (p=0.018) in the lower?middle class group, 2.67 (p=0.021) in the low conversation group, and 2.77 (p=0.000) in the group fearing the visit to the dental clinic. Benefit was 3.36 (p=0.000) in the high conversation group, and 3.37 (p=0.0l5) in the group visiting the dental clinic for prevention. salience was 3.26 for beverage and 3.20 (p=0.003) for fruit and vegetable. 3. As to oral health practice according to general characteristics, the score of oral health practice was 3.21 (p=0.000) in female students, 3.30 (p=0.000) in those aged 12 or below, and 3.27 (p=0.000) in 1st?year students. 4. As to oral health practice according to factors related to oral health, the point was 3.17 (p=0.002) in the middle upper class group, 3.24 (p=0.001) in the group eating mainly fruit or vegetable, and 3.18 (p=0.030) in those with experience in education. 5. Oral health practice was in a negative correlation with susceptibility (r=-0.143), and in a positive correlation with benefit (r=0.229) and salience (r=0.286).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2004

The dietary habits of middle-aged obese, overweight and normal subjects were evaluated for the purpose of providing the background information of the degenerative disease control. A survey was conducted with 293 subjects (121 males and 172 females) between the ages 40-64 and they were divided into three groups of normal (BMI 18.5-22.9), overweight (BMI 23-24.9) and obese ($BMI\geq25$) based on the criteria of Korean Obesity Association (2000). The mean age of the subjects was $52.0\pm7.3(male)\;and\;51.9\pm6.9$ (female). Socioeconomic levels of subjects belong to the mid-upper class, since 71.9% of the males and 39.5% of the females received above a college education. More than 40% (44.6%) of males and 22.1% of females were obese, and educational background did not affect the obesity rate in males, whereas in females those who received lower education had a higher rate of obesity (p ＜ 0.001). The subjects had a similar degree of drinking to the national average value. but had a lower degree of smoking. The obese group had the higher rate of drinking (p ＜ 0.01) and smoking (p ＜ 0.01). The annual increase in weight, more than 4 kg, was 8.8% for normal group and 30.9% for obese group. However, there were no differences in the mean annual increase in weight among the three groups. In females there were greater tendencies of weight changes in obese group (p ＜ 0.05). About 44.9% of subjects responded that they were exercising regularly, and the obese group appeared to put into practice less than the other groups and to use more strenuous exercise. There was the greater rate of skipping dinner in the obese female group (p ＜ 0.05). The unbalanced dietary pattern was found more with normal group than the other groups (p ＜ 0.01). The food consumption frequency by food groups was not different among the groups. The obese group consumed less frequently meats, vegetables and fruits and had higher frequency in fish, legumes and their products, instant or fast food. In all subjects the higher rate of obesity was found with males than females and with those of heavier smoking and drinking, and in females the higher rate of obesity was found with lower education levels, skipping meals and having an unbalanced diet. In middle-aged subjects of this study with higher educational and socioeconomic background factors contributing to the effects of obesity may include smoking, drinking, educational background, skipping meals or unbalanced dietary pattern. The predictable characteristics for the development of obesity can be defined as sudden fluctuation of weights, exercise regularity and intakes of vegetables and fruits.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.536-549
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate food intake, dietary diversity and dietary pattern during the summer in middle aged and older adults living in Gugoksundam (Gurye, Goksung, Sunchang and Damyang counties), Jeonla Province located in southern part of Korea and known as one of the representative Korean longevity areas. Food intake and dietary diversity were assessed by using the data from 2 day-24 hour recall of 1,051 subjects (394 males and 711 females) aged 45 years and older (45-93 years in male, 45-105 years in female). The average ages of males and females were 70.7 years and 71.1 years, respectively. Average total daily food intake was significantly decreased with aging in both genders, and the average animal food intake ratio to total food intake was ranged 10~14% in 3 different age groups, 45~64 years, 65~74 years and 75 years and older. The contribution of each food group, in weight, to total food intake showed the descending order of grains, fruits, vegetables and alcohols in males, and grains, fruits, potatoes and meats in females. On daily intake amount of each food item, rice, watermelon, soju, kimchi, and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in males, and rice, watermelon, potato, kimchi and ylmukimchi in females. On intake frequency, rice, kimchi, onion, green pepper and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in both genders. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS) for the assessment of dietary diversity and balance were significantly decreased with aging in both genders. In food group intake pattern (DMGFV), 01101 type without consumption of dairy and fruits was the most prevalent, and only 3.6% of male and 3.9% of female subjects showed 11111 type, consumed all the 5 food groups a day. Dietary pattern of subjects was analyzed by cluster analysis with 18 food groups intake. Overall dietary pattern was classified into two clusters, one was more desirable and the other was less desirable. The percentage of subjects with more desirable dietary pattern was about 15% in male and 32% in female. In conclusion, most of our subjects living in Gugoksundam area were taking very simple diet with low amount of dairy products and fruits. These results indicate that nutrition intervention and education for older people living in rural areas should be focused on various food intake including dairy products and fruits.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2007

이미지에 대한 연구는 그동안 사회학, 심리학 및 마케팅 분야 등에서 행해져 왔으나 각 분야의 연구의도나 목적에 맞는 이미지 개념을 적용시켜 왔기 때문에 이미지에 대한 공통적인 개념을 규정하기는 쉽지 않다. 최근 감성공학에서 출발한 감성평가를 통해 제품의 이미지를 객관적으로 평가하려는 노력들이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 중년 여성들의 라이프 스타일을 몇 가지 유형으로 분류한 후, 이에 따른 패션제품에 대한 이미지 선호도를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 선행 자료의 분석을 통한 문헌연구와 설문지법을 통한 실증 연구를 병행하였다. 연구 대상은 만 35$\sim$59세 여성으로, 총 352부의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. SPSS 11.0과 SAS for program 8.1 version을 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 그 결과 패션 제품에 대한 이미지를 품위성, 대담성, 실용성, 여성성의 4개 인자로 하였다. 또 라이프스타일의 유형을 전통보수형, 소극정체형, 적극생활형, 외모중시형의 4개 집단으로 분류하였다. 분류된 라이프스타일 유형에 따라 선호하는 패션제품에 대한 이미지를 살펴 본 결과 전통보수형은 품위 있으며 실용적인 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였고, 소극정체형은 모든 패션 제품에 흥미를 보이지 않으나 여성스러움을 다소 추구하였다. 적극생활형은 대담한 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였으며, 외모과시형은 여성스러우며 다소 품위 있고 대담한 이미지를 선호하였다.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.593-610
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 외환위기 직후 경기 침체기와 경기회복기에 따른 성·연령별 중·고령자 취업률의 변동, 그러한 변동의 원인이 무엇인지, 그리고 중·고령자의 취업에 미치는 결정요인들이 성과 연령별에 따라 차이가 나는지를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국노동연구원의 1차부터 7차까지의 노동패널조사 자료를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 경기침체기에 비해 경기회복기에 남녀 모두 모든 연령에서 취업률이 상승하였고 또 연령이 올라감에 따라 남녀 취업률 격차가 감소하는 것을 발견했다. 가정한 바와 같이, 중·고령자의 취업에 미치는 결정요인들은 성과 연령별에 따라 차이가 났다. 예를 들어, 배우자 존재는 남성 취업률에 정적 영향을 여성 취업률에 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 한편, 경제회복기의 취업률 증가에는 경제적 어려움으로 인한 취업자 수의 증가보다 경제적 독립성을 중시하는 개인주의 이데올로기로 인한 취업자 수의 증가가 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 외환위기 이후 양극화가 심화되는 상황에서, 경기회복기에 평균 근로소득의 급상승과 경기침체기보다 경기회복기에 개인의 취업이 더 어려워졌다는 사실은 2001년 이후 중·고령 노동자 취업의 양극화가 나타났다는 것을 의미한다. 즉, 빈민 혹은 하층의 중·고령 노동자들은 취업하기가 더 어려워진 반면, 중류층 이상(특히 고소득)의 노동자들은 이전보다 더 늦은 연령까지 취업을 하는 추세가 나타났다. 이러한 중·고령 노동자 취업의 양극화는 남성보다 여성에서 더 분명하게 나타났다.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1995

The radiographic findings of soft tissue calcification in the oral and maxillofacial area was analysed using panoramic, skull P-A and intraoral radiographs in 250 patients. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. Salivary stone had the highest rate of occurrence at 46％(116 cases), followed by lymph node calcification(97 cases), phleholith(21 cases), multiple miliary osteoma(15 cases), antrolith(l case), vessel calcification(l case) and cysticercosis(1 case). 2. The prevalence of salivary stone was slightly higher in females, on the right side and in the middle-aged group and was especially higher in the submandibular gland(83％). The majority of them were round-shaped, homogeneously radiopaque and associated with sialodochitis. 3. The prevalence of lymph node calcification was higher in the female and old-aged group. Irregular shape and radiopaque bodies were seen in the cervical area, bilaterally. 4. The prevalence of phlebolith was slightly higher in the male, and the third decade group. The radiopaque bodies were 4-8 mm in diameter and had laminated appearance. 5. The prevalence of multiple miliary osteoma was higher in old-aged females. The numerous doughnut-shaped radiopaque bodies, sized 2-4 mm in diameter, were seen bilaterally in the cheek and were usually associated with the edentulous ridge.