• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the well-being of middle-aged non-shift female workers using health-determinant models. Methods: This study analyzed data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), involving 5,449 participants. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between various factors and well-being. Results: The analysis identified key factors affecting well-being in middle-aged female non-shift workers, including supervisor support, presenteeism, satisfaction with the working environment, autonomy in working hours, support from coworkers, workplace discrimination, occupation, work-life balance, sleep problems, workplace size, weekly work hours, and sickness absence. This study confirms that the well-being of middle-aged non-shift female workers is influenced by factors at the individual, social, and community levels as well as by conditions related to love. Conclusion: To enhance the well-being of middle-aged female non-shift workers, it is essential to reinforce positive factors such as support from coworkers and superiors. Additionally, addressing and mitigating negatively influencing factors such as workplace discrimination and sleep problems is crucial in promoting well-being. By implementing measures to improve these aspects, organizations and policymakers can contribute to a healthier and more supportive work environment for middle-aged, non-shift female workers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.749-761
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• 2002

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI ＜ 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 ＜ BMI ＜ 30) , and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) . A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 $\pm$ 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 $\pm$ 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate the correlation among body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and physical activity (PA) between young and middle-aged Korean adults. [Methods] A total of 53 [male n=23, female n=30] subjects were included in this study, among whom 34 subjects were healthy young adults [male n=18, female n=16] and 19 were middle-aged adults [male n=5, female n=14]. The body composition and RMR of all the participants were measured after overnight fasting (≥8 h). The Korean version of the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. [Results] Body composition was not significantly different between young adults and middle-aged adults. Whole-body bone mineral density and bone mineral contents (BMC) were significantly lower in middle-aged adults than in young adults. Total blood cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in middle-aged adults (TC; 195.21 ± 43.34, glucose; 103.57 ± 12.61 mg/dL) than in young adults. RMR was significantly lower in middle-aged adults (1619.57 ± 290.28 kcal/day) than in young adults (1894.37 ± 405.00 kcal/day). In middle-aged adults physical activity (PA). PA (METs, min, EE) was inversely correlated with fat mass (FM, kg, and %) and blood triglyceride (TG) level in young adults. In middle-aged adults, PA showed a significant positive correlation with lean body mass (LBM), FM (%), and RMR. Furthermore, PA EE showed significant interrelatedness with BMC among middle-aged adults. [Conclusion] These results demonstrated that high PA levels enable LBM and RMR maintenance in middle-aged adults. Furthermore, in young adults, more PA is required to induce change in body composition.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of psychological well-being in middle-aged female workers by examining the relationship between positive psychological capital, job stress, and job satisfaction. Methods: Data were collected from 145 middle-aged female workers. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess the level of positive psychological capital, job stress, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being. SPSS/WIN version 23.0 was employed for data analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The most significant predictors of psychological well-being in the participants were positive psychological capital, living standards, and hobby. These explained 39% of the variance for psychological well-being. Conclusion: We found that positive psychological capital, living standards, and hobby influenced the participants' psychological well-being. Therefore, to improve middle-aged female workers' psychological well-being, developing a program based on positive psychological capital management is necessary.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to compare the satisfaction level on hospital meal size and actual intake rate of hospital foods between elderly and middle aged patients. Sixty one middle aged and one hundered thirty two elderly patients were surveyed on the foods served in the hospital-rice, soup, meat/fish, vegetable, kimchi and daily products. Compared to the middle aged patients, the more elderly thought the serving size of rice was too big(p<0.05), and those of soup, meat/fish and kimchi tended to be too big. There was no difference in the satisfaction level on the serving size of vegetable dish between two age groups. In actual intake rates of hospital meal there were no significant differences between the elderly and middle aged patients. However, the elderly male ate significantly(p<0.05) less amount of rice than the middle aged male and the elderly female ate significantly(p<0.01) less amount of meat/fish then the middle aged female. Satisfaction levels and actual intake rates were significantly correlated in all food items.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2010

Orthodontic treatment for middle-aged patients has become more commonplace with various reasons including improved socioeconomic status. Understanding of oral status and treatment modalities of middle-aged patients is mandatory for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning. This study investigated 100 consecutive patients aged 40s and 50s and 100 aged 20s who had been examined and diagnosed at the Department of Orthodontics, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Gender distribution showed female outnumbered male patients in young-aged adult patients, but middle-aged patients showed similar male and female distribution. 2. The major concern seeking orthodontic treatment was esthetics not only in young-aged but also in middle-aged adult patients, and a number of middle-aged patients were concerned about oral health as well. 3. Considerable number of middle-aged patients were referred by other dental specialties while young-aged adult patients were more self-motivated for orthodontic treatment. 4. Middle-aged adult patients had more missing teeth and periodontal disease than young-aged adults. 5. The most frequently-observed problem was dental spacing in middle-aged patients while dental crowding in young-aged adult patients. Middle-aged patients showed higher prevalence of deep overbite and overjet while most of young-aged adults presented opposite direction of problem in overbite and overjet. 6. Limited orthodontic treatment was required rather than comprehensive treatment in middle-aged patients, and the most common tooth moving area was anterior part of dentition in case of limited treatment. Need of interdisciplinary therapy with other dental specialties was more common in middle-aged patients. 7. Intervention of specific technique such as invisible TP, passive bracketing, passive wire bonding, and lingual orthodontics was more required in middle-aged patients. Considering that middle-aged patients have different characteristics than young-aged adults, the results of the present study suggest that different treatment modalities are required in middle-aged orthodontic patients in order to manage them properly and efficiently.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.103-131
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• 2012

최근 이혼과 미혼이 증가하고 사별이 감소하여서 40대와 50대 혼인상태 분포가 과거보다 훨씬 다양해졌다. 이러한 혼인상태가 건강에 매우 중요한 변수이다. 그러나 한국에서는 중년들의 혼인상태에 따른 건강 차이에 대한 연구가 별로 없는 실정이었다. 본 논문은 2010년 사회조사 자료를 분석하여 중년들의 혼인상태에 따른 건강행위와 건강상태 차이를 살펴보았다. 그런데 많은 연구들이 혼인상태가 미치는 영향은 남녀에 따라 다르다고 주장하고 있다. 그래서 본 연구는 혼인상태가 미치는 영향이 성별에 따라 다른지 확인 한다. 분석결과 대체로 비기혼자들이 기혼자들에 비해 건강에 긍정적인 행위를 덜 했으며 건강에 해가 되는 행위는 더 하는 편이었다. 그리고 비기혼자들이 기혼자에 비해 육체적 건강과 정신적 건강도 더 나빴다. 그런데 성별에 따른 차이를 본 결과 비혼인 상태의 부정적 영향은 남성에게 더욱 심하였다. 이혼한 남성과 사별한 남성은 이혼여성에 비해 건강검진을 덜 받고 있으며 흡연을 더욱 많이 하고 있다. 반면 비혼인 여성들은 몇몇 지표에 있어서는 기혼자들과 별다른 차이가 없기도 했다. 특히나 미혼인 여성들은 삶에 대한 만족도가 다른 비기혼자들은 물론 기혼자들보다 월등히 높은 편이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2000

The health-related habits, dietary behaviors and health status as well as the relationships between the health-related habits and dietary behaviors and the health status were investigated in the subjects of the middle aged(20 male and 50 female with the average age of 56.4$\pm$6.1) and the elderly(15 male and 15 female with the average of 68.4$\pm$3.6) living in Chonju. The survey included the personal interview using questionnaires, anthropometric measurement and biochemical tests in December, 1998. The breakfast irregularity was shown in 5.7% of male and 10.8% of female. The consumption of generally lightly salted foods was practiced in half of the subjects. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking were shown in 20% and 31.4% of male group respectively. As judged by their body mass indices(BMI), none of the subjects was belong to the obesity group. However, the considerable degree of overweight was found in female subjects. The upper-body obesity was more prevalent in female compared to male group. The percentages of the anemic subjects as judged by WHO hemoglobin level were found to be relatively high specially for female(26.2%). The blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol determination showed that the middle aged males and the elderly females tend to have higher levels compared to the different age bracket subjects from two-way ANOVA. Therefore, it can be assumed that the middle aged males and the elderly females are under the greater risk than the other groups. The analysis of the relationships between health-related habits and dietary behavior, and the health status showed that the regularity of breakfast, the consumption of lightly salted foods, the frequency of exercise and the alcohol drinking pattern influenced the city dwellers and the risk-related health habits as well as dietary behavior.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.697-706
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the consumption behaviors for purchase of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products and importance and satisfaction on selective attributes of HMR in middle-aged adults by gender. The subjects were 919 middle-aged adults (400 males and 519 females; 40 to 64 years) residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area, who have HMR purchasing experience. The survey was conducted from January to August 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 program. Consumption frequency of HMR products in male and female subjects was 1-2 times a month by 42.3% and 40.8% and 4-6 times a month by 26.8% and 19.8%, respectively (p<0.05). Reasons for purchasing HMR in male and female subjects were shown significantly different from saving time by 44.8% and 50.5% and easy cooking by 25.8% and 16.6%, respectively (p<0.01). HMR products with high preference and satisfaction for the subjects included Gimbap, precooked dried rice, and frozen food. According to the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), selective attributes of HMR with high importance and low satisfaction in the second quadrant were food additives, origin, nutrient content, and price, for both male and female subjects; additionally, hygiene was a factor included only by female subjects. Therefore, these results suggest that it is needed to consider to produce HMR products with improved qualities using reliable food materials and ingredients and to maintain competitive pricing for the expansion of HMR products consumption of middle-aged adults.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

본 연구의목적은 중년여성 근로자의 자아탄력성과 감정노동이 직장-가정 갈등에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위함이다. 자료 수집은 A, B, C시에 소재한 직장에 근무하는 정규직과 비정규직에 종사자하는 중년여성 148명을 대상으로 2013년 10월 2일부터 2014년 4월 10일까지 자가 보고식 설문조사로 시행되었다. 연구결과, 중년여성의 직장-가정 갈등은 25.59(SD=11.99) 점으로, 대상자의 직장-가정 갈등은 거주유형(F=4.32, p=.015), 생활비 지출(r=.18, p=.028), 직업만족도(F=6.33, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 직장-가정 갈등과 자아탄력성은 유의한 음의상관관계를 보였으며(r=-.28 p=.001), 부모, 자녀와 함께 사는 거주유형(${\beta}=.29$, p=.045), 생활비 지출(${\beta}=.22$, p=.006), 직업만족도(${\beta}=-.20$, p=.015), 자아탄력성(${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001)이 직장-가정 갈등에 유의한 영향을 주는 요인으로 약 19%의 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다(F=6.61 p<.001). 그러므로 중년여성 근로자의 직장-가정 갈등의 수준을 감소하기 위한 전략으로, 직장-가정 갈등에 영향을 주는 거주유형 및 생활비 지출과 같은 사회경제적인 요인에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 또한 중년여성 근로자의 직업만족도 및 자아탄력성을 향상시킬 수 있는 직업 환경 내의 심리적인 중재의 적용이 중년여성의 직장-가정 갈등 감소에 도움이 될 것이다.