• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits of boy students and to know the difference in food habits between boy and girl students. A previous study had been conducted to girl students in 1998 and this study was carried to boy students in Oct. 2000 using the questionnaires. The subjects were 783 boy students in middle school, high school and university students living in Jeonbuk region. The average score of food habits was $4.09{\pm}1.72$ out of a possible 10(middle school students were $4.96{\pm}1.85$, high school students were $4.17{\pm}1.61$ and university students were $3.15{\pm}1.70$). The average is similar $4.11{\pm}1.63$ to girl students in 1998. The correlation coefficient between the score of food habits and standard of living, present residence, taking nutritional supplements, and sort of school was positive. As a staple food, cooked rice was preferred 95.9% of subjects and this result is similar to girl students of previous study. The most preferred side-dishes was different between girl and boy students. Boy students liked stew the best, but girl students liked Kimchi the best. The most preferred snacks was fruits and fruit juice. The portion of eating cooked rice in boy students (87.8%) was decreased than girl students(90.6%) at breakfast. The main meal to have soup & stew was supper and the most delicious meal was also supper, but primary meal skipped was breakfast. The reasons for skipping breakfast were lack of time(38.7%) and no appetite(17.6%), skipping lunch was missing a time to eat(8.4%), and skipping supper was no appetite(10.5%). Substitution food on no preparation of lunch basket was difference between middle and high school students and university students. Middle and high school students ate noodles and university student ate cooked rice. The preference of snack was that chicken(20.3%) was the best. The time of eating snacks was that anytime(38.6%) was the first, after supper(13.7%) was next. In order to improve the nutritional status of boy students, they must establish good food habits by eating three regular meals per day and balancing their diet. Especially university student must build their regular life style, so they would have three regular meals.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of cosurfactant on the phase equilibrium and dynamic behavior was studied in systems containing NP7 nonionic surfactant solutions and nonpolar hydrocarbon oils. All cosurfactants used during this study such as n-pentanol, n-octanol and n-decanol acted as a hydrophobic additive and thus promoted the transition from an oil in water (O/W) microemulsion (${\mu}E$) in equilibrium with an excess oil phase to a three-phase region containing excess water, excess oil, and a middle-phase microemulsion and further to a water in oil (W/O) ${\mu}E$ in equilibrium with the excess water phase. The transition temperature was found to decrease with both increases in the chain length and amount of addition of a cosurfactant. Dynamic behavior studies under O/W ${\mu}E$ conditions showed that an oil drop size decreased with time due to the solubilization into micelles. On the other hand, both the spontaneous emulsification of water into the oil phase and the expansion of oil drop were observed under W/O ${\mu}E$ conditions because of the diffusion of surfactant and water into the oil phase. Under conditions of a three-phase region including a middle-phase ${\mu}E$, both the rapid solubilization and emulsification of the oil into aqueous solutions were found mainly due to the existence of ultra-low interfacial tension. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements have been found to be in a good agreement with dynamic behavior results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.136-149
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• 2022

Chemistry focuses on explaining macroscopic phenomena at the microscopic level with particles, such as atoms or molecules. Explanation using particles are bound to be considered as abstract by students, because it was dealing with invisible objects. For that reason, the science national curriculum presented to middle school students the explanation of the units related to the composition of matter. Therefore, understanding about the composition of matter in middle school students becomes an important basis for learning of chemistry, and it is necessary to investigate their understanding about composition of matter. In this study, students' understanding about 'composition of matter' region, which is first presented to middle school students, was confirmed at an overall level. In this line, this study analyzed the results of the items in the composition of matter region, and analyzed items were used in the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA) from 2015 to 2019. We analyzed the 9 items presented in the NAEA according to the response rate of options and response rate distribution curve, and explained the characteristics of understanding derived by each achievement level were examined. According to the analyzed results by dividing the conceptions about elements, atoms, and ions, students above the proficient achievement-level had scientific conceptions overall, but students below the basic achievement-level had inconsistent or naive conceptions. Based on the results for each item, this study discussed some implications to be considered or to be improved on teaching-learning for 'composition of matter'.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1989

In order to make economic and geological evaluation of coal in Korea, proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out as well as coal petrological studies such as maceral analyses, vitrinite reflectance and sporinite fluorescence measurement. The coeffcient of correlation between each factor of both conventional utilization and coal petrological parameters were studied as in Table 5 and 6. Their conclusions were as follow: (1) for anthracite, the good parameters of coal rank are mean vitrinite reflectance, carbon content, hydrogen content and H/C atomic ratio: (2) for brown coal and sub-bituminous coal, the good parameters of coal rank are carbon content, calorific value, moisture content, hydrogen content, oxygen content and O/C atomic ratio as well as vitrinite reflectance and sporinite fluorescence. An attempt is made to infer the coalforming environment by utilization of coal petrological analyses and to make comparison of coal analyses with proximate and ultimate analyses throughout the island arc region including Japan, Philippine and Indonesia and continental region including USA, Canada and Australia. As a result, meceral composition of Paleozoic and Mesozoic anthracite are similar to that of the Paleozoic continental coals, which were formed under dry conditions or low water table, but the coalification degree suddenly increased during Daebo orogeny (middle Jurassic to lower Cretaceous). The Tertiary coal resembles those of Tertiary island arc region coal characterized by higher calorific value, volatile matter content and H/C atomic ratio and by the formation of coal under wet conditions or higher water table.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.239-265
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• 2010

After reform and openness action, china has been recorded high rate of increasing in export and continuous economic growth. Also their role in the international economy has been rise. The major reason of these incredible growth of China is the openness by a trade, after all the economic growth of China is evaluated an export-led growth. But, some insist that the growth of China has been accomplished by a domestic-based economy not but an export-led economy. For verification of former insists, using a yearly data, China exports and GDP, from 1979 to 2007 and performs time-series to examine an existence of causality between China's regional exports and GDP. As result of analysis, GDP and exports have two-way causality significantly when not considering region case. After the direction of Chinese reform, the east region has a strong significant relation, which support that export-led growth. While, middle and west region has weak causality between exports and GDP.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2011

The effect of process parameters on $H_2$ production from water vapor excited by HF ICP has been qualitatively examined for the first time. With the increase of ICP power, characteristics of $H_2$ production from $H_2O$ dissociation in plasma was divided into 3 regions according to both reaction mechanism and energy efficiency. At the edge of region (II) in the range of middle ICP power, energy effective hydrogen production from $H_2O$ plasma can be achieved. Furthermore, within the region (II) power condition, heating of substrate up to $500^{\circ}C$ shows additional increase of 70~80% in $H_2$ production compared to $H_2O$ plasma without substrate heating. This study have shown that combination of optimal plasma power (region II) and wall heating (around $500^{\circ}C$) is one of effective ways for $H_2$ production from $H_2O$.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Since 2010, many universities in Korea have been implementing Green Leader Training Programs which are usually run by students themselves. In the last five years of 2015, the Green Leader Training Program under the sponsorship of Korean Association for Green Campus Initiative has promoted the practice of a green campus and many relative projects have been carried out in various fields. Method: We utilized the green campus component index established by the Presidential Committee on Green Growth in Korea and have analyzed 480 activities during the years of 2010~2015. Result: We found that many activities were classified into the environmental field(264, 55.0%). This was followed by university members' participation(130, 27.1%), community engagement(68, 14.2%), and university management(18, 3.7%). These results showed that the green campus initiatives were focused on the environmental field. The number of universities participating from 2010 to 2015 were 20 in the metropolitan area and 15 in the non-metropolitan are. In the metropolitan area, 81.7% of green leader activities were conducted at universities in Seoul, and those in non-capital areas were active in the Middle region(51.3%) and Yeongnam region(48.7%). On the other hand, there was no activity in the Honam region, and it shows that there was a noticeable differential by regional groups.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-141
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• 2006

Insect fauna in adjacent areas of Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea was surveyed seasonally in $2001{\sim}2003$. The survey area was divided into 3 regions (eastern mountain, middle inland, and western coastal regions) in accordance with administrative districts and topography. Sampling methods such as sweeping, sieving, beating, brushing and suction were used depending on the environmental and military conditions. Total 361 genera and 437 species of 116 families belonging to 14 orders were identified. Among these, 46 species were new to insect fauna of DMZ areas. Species richness was the highest in the eastern mountain region. Numbers of habitat-common and -specific species were 96 (22%) and 195 (47.2%), respectively. The insect species community similarity was highest (0.64) between eastern mountain region and western coastal region. Insect orders showing high species richness were Coleoptera (38.9%), Lepidoptera (19.2%), Orthoptera (9.4%), and Hemiptera (9.2%). These results will be useful information for study of history on the change of insect fauna and future conservation in DMZ areas.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-104
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• 2014

The popular uprisings that took place in the Arab world, and led to the overthrow of four heads of states, namely Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali (January 14, 2011) of Tunisia, Hosni Mubarak (February 11, 2011) of Egypt, Muammar al-Gaddafi (August 23, 2011) of Libya and Ali Abdullah Saleh (November 23, 2011) of Yemen, have attracted the attention of the world media and policy makers in the West and the Middle East, and triggered their concern for the political future of the region. This article does not offer a comprehensive assessment of these uprisings, but rather analyzes the coverage of Time and Newsweek of the underlying causes of the uprisings and their anticipated consequences. It also investigates how the two magazines have highlighted the scenarios that may pose a real challenge to Arab regimes supported by the American administration, and internationally reshape the priorities of American foreign policy in the region. These issues are examined from the two magazines' perspectives, which under line the features of U.S. foreign policy in the region, where the White House is more concerned about the security of the state of Israel, control of the Arab oil and suppression of "Muslim fundamentalism."

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.712-716
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• 2003

In the present study, the gas injection system based on air-water model was designed to investigate the behavior characteristics of bubbles injected into a ladle. The parameters such as gas volume fraction and bubble rise velocity were exprementally measured in a gas-liquid flow region. To measure gas volume fraction, an electo-conductivity probe was used and bubble rise velocity was obtained by a high speed CCD camera. Gas volume fraction was symmetric to the axis of nozzle secured on the bottom of a ladle. The bubble rise velocity was calculated for two different experimental conditions. That is, gas flow conditions were following two case: 1) Q = $0.63{\times}10^{-4}$ $m^{3}/s$, 2) $1.26{\times}10^{-4}$ $m^{3}/s$. As a gas injected into the liquid ladle, the liquid-phase region is circulated by bubbles' behavior. The bubble rise velocity was influenced of the circulation flow of liquid phase. As a result, the bubble rise velocity was appeared higher middle region of ladle than near the nozzle.