• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

To investigate the deaging effects of introperitoneally injected Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) on various enzyme activity (AST, ALT, MDA (Malon dialdehyde), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), GPx (Glutathione peroxidases) and histophathology of liver tissue, ovariectomized rats were used. The antioxidative effects of chondroitin sulfate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight) were investigated at the antioxidative enzyme activities of liver homogenate fractions (liver total homogenate, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions) and sera. In addition, the rat liver was histologically examined. Intraperitoneally injected CS, depend on dosage, indicated a protective effect against ovariectomy-inducted aging. Moreover, inflammation and cirrhosis in liver tissue of CS treated group were significantly decreased. Based on these results, intraperitoneally injected CS is a useful material to delay aging.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.188-197
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effect of rice bran water extract fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum Hong (RBLw), on activities of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and thromboxane $A_2$ synthase (TXAS), thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production associated microsomal enzymes and evaluated its the antiplatelet effect. RBLw, containing 13.5 mg of ferulic acid, dose-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and inhibited the production of $TXA_2$, an aggregation molecule. In addition, RBLw directly inhibited COX-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner, but not TXAS activity in platelet microsomal fraction having cytochrome c reductase (an endoplasmic reticulum marker enzyme) activity and expressing COX-1 (72 kDa) and TXAS (60.5 kDa) proteins. These results suggest that RBLw selectively inhibited the activity of COX-1 rather than TXAS to attenuate $TXA_2$ production in ADP-activated platelets. Thus, we demonstrate that RBLw might have direct COX-1 antagonistic function for platelet aggregation-mediated diseases, such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea catechins from green tea leaves, on activities of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and thromboxane synthase (TXAS), thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production associated microsomal enzymes. EGCG inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9%, and TXAS activity to 20% in platelet microsomal fraction having cytochrome c reductase (an endoplasmic reticulum marker enzyme) activity and expressing COX-1 (70 kDa) and TXAS (58 kDa) proteins. The inhibitory ratio of COX-1 to TXAS by EGCG was 4.8. These results mean that EGCG has a stronger selectivity in COX-1 inhibition than TXAS inhibition. In special, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug aspirin, a COX-1 inhibitor, inhibited COX-1 activity by 11.3% at the same concentration ($50{\mu}M$) as EGCG that inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9% as compared with that of control. This suggests that EGCG has a stronger effect than that of aspirin on inhibition of COX-1 activity. Accordingly, we demonstrate that EGCG might be used as a crucial tool for a strong negative regulator of COX-1/$TXA_2$ signaling pathway to inhibit thrombotic disease-associated platelet aggregation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.463-467
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• 1995

생쥐(Balb/C) 간과 신장의 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 의한 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan의 시험관내 대사시험을 수행하였다. ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan은 endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) 그리고 ${\beta}$-endosulfan(${\beta}$-E) 등으로 대사되었으며 주요 대사산물은 간에서 EL(13.2%) 및 EA(11.5%)이었으며 신장에서 EA(17.4%) 및 EHE(19.3%)이었다. Microsome 배양액중 유기용매 추출성 대사산물은 63.4%이었으며 수용성 대사산물은 37.1%이었다. 수용성 대사산물은 EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) 그리고 ES(2.3%)로서 주요 수용성 대사산물은 EA이었다. Piperonyl butoxide는 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan으로부터 EE의 생성을 86%, EA의 생성을 92% 그리고 EHE, EL 및 ES의 생성을 대부분 저해하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2005

Effects of root, stem and leaf extract of sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the hepatic microsome of rat, DPPH radical scavenging activity and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were examined in vitro. The highest inhibition of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was observed by ethyl acetate fraction than that of methylene chloride fraction of the root and stem extracts. The high inhibition of lipid peroxidation was determined in the leaf, the root and the stem in order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of n-butanol fraction and it was similar to the root and the steam extract. It was similar to the inhibition of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in 2.500mg/mL of ethyl acetate fraction and it was 4.4 fold higher than that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, as an antioxidant standard. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was dependent on the extract concentration in the range of 0.125-5.000 mg/mL. The throm-boplastin times were higher than that of n-butanol fraction and it was similar to the root and the steam extracts. The leaf extract showed the highest antithrombogenic effect followed by the stem and then the root extract. The activated partial thromboplastin times were ependent on the extract concentration in the range of 0.100-2.000 mg/mL. Consequently, the effects of antioxidative, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antithrombogenic of Z. schinifolium was observed due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the DPPH radical scavenging activity by methylene chloride, n-butanol and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract. (Korean J Nutrition 38(5): 386 - 394, 2005)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.713-727
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• 1995

The present study was investigated fatty acid composition of the phospholipid in the RBC membrane, liver and microsomal fraction after vitamin E and/or insulin treatment to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stress in STZ-treated rat and BB rat. Results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows; 1. Effect of vitamin E and/or insulin treatment in STZ-treated rat 1) In the insulin treated group and the combination treated groups of vitamin E with insulin, body weights were increased compared to STZ-treated rat(STZ control group). Especially it was more significantly increased in the combination treated group of high dose vitamin E with insulin. 2) The composition of fatty acids of the phospholipid in RBC membrane, liver and microsomal fractions was shown a decreased C16:1, C18:1, C20:4 and an increased C16:0, C18:0, C18:2 in STZ control group compared to normal control group. In RBC membrane, liver and microsomal fractions after vitamin E with insulin treatment in STZ-treated rat, effect on the composition of fatty acids of the phospholipid was shown the result of a decreased C16:0, C18:0, C18:2 and an increased C16:1, C18:1, C20:4. 3) Hemolysis rate of the RBC to $H_2O_2$ was increased in the STZ control group and it was decreased below the hemolysis level of normal control group by vitamin E treatment. 2. Effect of vitamin E and/or insulin treatment in BB rat 4) Only in microsomal fraction, fatty acid composition was different between insulin treatment group and vitamin E with insulin treatment group. It was increased C16:0 and C18:1, and decreased C18:0 and C18:2 in vitamin E with insulin treatment group: But C20:4 was not different in two groups. These results suggest that the combination treatment of vitamin E and insulin could prevent the oxidative change of fatty acids in P-lipid of the RBC membrane, liver and microsomal fraction in STZ-treated rats and BB rats.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1998

Phenobarbital sodium(PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)이 살충제 carbofuran의 쥐에 대한 독성과 이의 독성경감효과를 구명하기 위하여 이들을 단독 또는 조합으로 경구투여한 후 쥐의 생존율을 조사하였고, 쥐에서 carbofuran 의 in vitro 대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 쥐 간의 추출액에 이들을 단독 또는 조합으로 처리한 후 대사산물을 조사하였다. 쥐에 대한 carbofuran의 $LD_{50}$(96hrs)은 6.9 mg/kg이었고, 주 대사산물의 독성은 3-hydroxycarbofuran > 3-ketocarbofuran > 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 모화합물보다는 그 독성이 매우 낮았다. 쥐의 생존율은 carbofuran 8.4 mg/kg만을 투여했을 때 0%이었으나 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 20 mg/kg을 각각 조합투여시 $60{\sim}80%$로 높아졌고, 60 mg/kg 투여시에는 100% 생존하여 PB 및 3-MC의 carbofuran에 대한 독성경감 효과가 매우 컸다. 간 추출액에서 in vitro 대사의 대부분은 microsomal fraction에서 이루어지고 있었다. Carbofuran 단독처리시 주 대사산물은 3-hydroxycarbofuran이었으나 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합처리시 3-ketocarbofuran이었다. 또한, 기질 및 처리별 대사산물의 생성율을 조사한 결과 microsomal fraction에 carbofuran 단독 및 PB 또는 3-MC와의 조합처리 모두 co-factor로서 NADP+G-6-P+G-6-P-DG 첨가시(phase I system) 가장 높았고, $105,000{\times}g$ 상징액에서는 carbofuran 단독처리의 경우 co-factor로서 NADPH+ GSH 첨가시(phase II system)에 그리고 PB 또는 3-MC와 조합처리의 경우 co-factor 중 NADPH+FAD 첨가시(phase II system)에 가장 높았다. 대사산물 생성율은 carbofuran 단독처리보다 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC 조합처리에서 $2{\sim}3$배 높았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.365-369
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• 1995

본 연구는 생강의 추출획분 즉, 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)을 얻어서 각 획분에 존재하는 진저롤의 함량과 대두유 및 간 마이크로좀에서 지질과산화의 억제 효과를 비교하였다. 생강에서 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)을 추출하여 HPLC를 사용하여 진저롤의 함량을 분석한 결과 각각 49.50, 20.74, 21.43와 93.70%였다. 이 4가지의 추출획분을 대두유에 0.2%(w/w) 농도가 되도록 첨가하여 45$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하여서 상대적 항산화효과(RAE)를 본 결과 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)이 각각 2.60, 2.33, 2.07, 2.75이었고, 0.02% 농도의 BHT첨가군은 RAE가 1.74였다. 각 획분의 흰쥐 간의 마이크로좀의 지질과산화 억제율은 핵산, 에테르, 에틸아세테이트획분이 350 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 반응액농도에서 각각 93, 92, 86%의 억제율을 나타냈고, 핵산-에테르획분(1 : 1, v/v)은 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 낮은 반응액농도에서 89%의 억제율을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1992

This paper examines the effects of dietary fats on the fatty acid composition and market enzyme activites during liver damage in 2-acetylaminofluorene treated rats. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet of beef tallow(BT source of sturated fatty acid) corn oil(CO source of n-6 fatty acid) and perilla oil(PO source of n-3 fatty acid) at the level of 15% fat. Ten days after feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) was injected intraperitoneally twice every week at the level of 50mg/kg body weight for 7 weeks. Liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions were collected to determine the microsomal fatty acid composition lipid peroxide(malondialdehyde MDA) contents glucose 6-phosphatase(G6 Pase) activity cytochrome(Cyt) P-450 contents and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase(G6 Pase) activity cytochrome(Cyt) P-450 contents and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity. The fatty acid composition in microsomal fraction was reflected by different dietary fats. By 2-AAF treatment linoleic acids were increased regardless of the diet MDA contents were higher in CO group than it was in BT group. However 2-AAF treatment decreased MDA contents in all dietary groups. G6Pase activity of BT group was higher than those of the other gropus. CO group had the highest Cyt P-450 contents and 2-AAF treatment lowered Cyt P-450 contents only in CO gropu GST activites were higher in CO than in BT group whereas the enzyme activites were increased by 20AAF treatment in all dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment in all dietary groups,. These results suggest that dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment affect microsomal fatty acid composition The enzyme activities concerned with liver damage were influenced differently by dietary fats and 2-AFF treatment Although PO diet contains much more polyunsaturated fatty acids than CO diet PO diet doesn't cause more oxidant stress compared with CO diet in these data.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.281-294
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• 1995

The effect of Sam Hwa San on the Na-K-ATPase activity was evaluated in microsomal fraction prepared from rabbit cerebral cortex to determine whether Sam Hwa San affects Na-K-ATPase activity of nervous system. Sam Hwa San markedly inhibited the Na-K-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner with an estimated $I_{50}$ of 0.12%. Optimal pH for the Na-K-ATPase activity was at 7.5 in the presence or absence of Sam Hwa San. The degree of inhibition by the drug more increased at acidic and alkalic pHs than neutral pH. Kinetic studies of substrate and cationic activation of the enzyme indicate classic noncompetitive inhibition fashion for ATP, Na and K, showing significant reduction in Vmax without a change in Km. Dithiothreitol, a sulfhydryl reducing reagent, partially protects the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity by Sam Hwa San. Combination of Sam Hwa San and ouabain showed higher inhibition than cumulative inhibition. These results suggest that Sam Hwa San inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in central nervous system by reacting with, at least a part, sulfhydryl group and ouabain binding site of the enzyme protein, but with different binding site from those of ATP, Na and K.